UMT Journal Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
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MAPPING PADDY RICE EXTENT AND CROPPING PATTERN IN IADA BARAT LAUT SELANGOR USING INTEGRATION OF SENTINEL-1 AND 2 DATA
No full textUnder the 12th Malaysia Plan (RMK-12), the Malaysian government has set a goal to achieve a self-sufficiency level (SSL) of 70% for rice production. Accurate and timely spatiotemporal information on harvested rice extent is required to measure progress towards achieving the SSL. Remote sensing technology has been widely used to provide rapid information on the extent of rice. This study aims to create maps of rice extent and cropping patterns in the IADA Barat Laut Selangor (BLS), combining Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery data using Sentinel-1 and optical imagery data using Sentinel-2. The monthly composite data of VH polarization and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were stacked as bands in an imagery dataset, forming a time series dataset. The unsupervised K-means clustering method and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud-based computing platform were used for the analysis of the data. The results allowed the classification of the rice and non-rice groups. The rice cropping patterns were generated from the temporal composites of VH backscatter values of Sentinel-1 data and NDVI of Sentinel-2 data. The map products were evaluated using accuracy measures using visual interpretation techniques applied to very high-resolution imagery acquired from Google Earth (GE). The rice extent map generated at 10-meter resolution exhibited excellent accuracy with an overall accuracy of 98% and a kappa coefficient of 0.95. The estimated rice parcel area in IADA BLS for 2021 was 17,864 ha, which is close to the recorded data (18,785 ha). The comparison of results in the irrigation block also indicated that the rice field area agreed well with the statistical data, with an R2 of 0.95, RMSE of 357 ha, and a relative discrepancy of 4.9%. The cropping pattern also showed satisfactory results as compared to the existing data. These findings demonstrate that the proposed methodology can provide high-accuracy rice extent map products and has the potential to be applied to rice fields across Malaysia and other tropical regions to address food security issues. Subsequent investigations should prioritize addressing the challenge of detecting conversions into other land uses, which were not addressed in this study, by exploring alternative data sources, advanced machine learning algorithms, and incorporating ground-based surveys
VACCINE INJURY COMPENSATION MECHANISM FOR ADVERSE EVENTS CAUSED BY COVID-19 VACCINES IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES
No full textAdverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) or vaccine injury is an issue of great concern in many nations, including Malaysia. This issue has long attracted the public’s interest, but the emergence of COVID-19 disease has triggered greater interest as nations engaged in mass vaccination programs for their citizens. This is further exacerbated by the growing dissatisfaction with the traditional tort litigation system which necessitates exploring alternative ways to deal with vaccine injury cases. While the vaccine injury compensation program (VICP) has been implemented in several countries to compensate affected individuals following vaccination, not all VICP can cater to public health emergencies, especially regarding vaccine COVID-19. Malaysia, for example, has a similar program known as Special Financial Assistance (SFA) Adverse Effects of COVID-19 Vaccine, which allows individuals to receive financial assistance if they suffer from AEFI of COVID-19. Thus, this paper is intended to review and analyse the VICP in Southeast Asian countries and its implementation in Malaysia. It is important to explore these VICP to strengthen the existing processes in terms of accountability and compensation. This qualitative research was based on document review and comparative methodologies by exploring the VICP in Southeast Asia and similar mechanism in Malaysia to enrich the subject matter of the vaccine COVID-19 liability. The finding shows that the VICP program seems to be a great alternative in dealing with vaccine injury cases, especially in addressing the growing dissatisfaction with the traditional tort litigation system. Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand has its own VICP for affected individuals with COVID-19 vaccines while Myanmar, Cambodia, Timor-Leste, Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Philippines are under COVID-19 vaccine injury compensation scheme by COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) offered in 92 low- and middle-income nations
PERCEPTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON MALAYSIAN SEAFARERS DURING COVID-19 IN THE PERIOD OF MALAYSIA'S FIRST MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER (MCO)
No full textThe outbreak of COVID-19 might enhance the perception of psychological effects among Malaysian seafarers during the first phase of Malaysia's Movement Control Order (MCO), often known as a "lockdown" for 6 weeks to stop the spread of coronavirus disease. According to recording data from GARD, an average of 4.6 suicide among seafarers happen each year because of mental illness. Many researchers have investigated this issue covering medical, psychological, causal factors, etc. However, limited research has been conducted on a perception of psychological effects during the first MCO that contributes to these alarming issues. Therefore, this paper attempts to identify, rank, and assess causal factors of the psychological perception state of Malaysian seafarers. Two mathematical methods will be used to achieve these objectives: An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Evidential Reasoning (ER). An AHP is used to rank each identified perception of psychological effect on Malaysian seafarers. Then an ER is applied to assess the perception of psychological impact and synthesize the subset. The result has shown the most critical effect for a perception of psychological effects among Malaysian seafarers is depression disorder (0.6658), followed by anxiety disorder (0.5216) and stress (0.5122). Half of the respondent agreed on their perception of psychological effect during the first phase of movement control order with 0.5863. This research is expected to benefit the researcher, seafarers, experts in psychology fields, and even the people who have a problem in psychology in profoundly understanding the causal factors of psychology among Malaysian seafarers
A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF TRADE PROTECTIONISM ON MARITIME ECONOMICS AND LOGISTICS
No full textIn the last three decades, in particular, freight and container transport have grown rapidly worldwide. Protectionism, economic growth and the rising global economy have grown tremendously, and container transport has suffered adversely as a result. The issues facing the environment, economics and culture with regards to the sustainability of maritime logistics or transport must be considered. The trade-offs from direct cost of transport and credibility differ according to the trade in the country’s goods and logistics, which can reduce potential to diversify among temporary and value-added products in developed countries’. This study aims to conduct a conceptual review of the effects of trade protectionism on logistics transition, port composition, and economic growth. Based on this, this study will propose a framework in which protectionism, logistic transition, port composition and economic growth research can more effectively utilized. However, effects of trade protectionism on logistic transition, port composition, and economic growth, should be further examined using the proposed growth models
THE READINESS OF IMPLEMENTING A ZERO-EMISSION SHIPPING POLICY IN MALAYSIA
No full textThe shipping industry's growth in Malaysia has led to a significant increase in ship emissions.impacting air and marine quality and posing risks to human health, climate, and ecosystems.To address these environmental challenges, this research paper examines the implementation ofa zero-emission shipping policy in Malaysia. The objectives of this study are to identify theimpact of such a policy on the country's shipping industry and to formulate a comprehensiveframework for the successful implementation of the zero-emission policy. Qualitativemethodology was employed, and interviews were conducted with the Marine DepartmentMalaysia (MDM) to gather insights and data. Content analysis was applied to analyze theinterview results. This research contributes to addressing the shipping industry's sustainabilitychallenges in Malaysia by providing insights into the implementation of a zero-emission policy
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL ASSESSMENT OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY (IAQ) ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS
No full textIndoor Air Quality (IAQ) is very important for children’s health and well-being since children are particularly vulnerable and sensitive to the presence of air pollutants. Poor Indoor Air Quality brings negative health effects to young children, especially primary school students. The objective of this research was to analyze the chemical and physical parameters inside the classroom at two sites representing institutional and residential area. Spatial mapping was conducted by using Surfer® and Sketchup®. Data were measured using Dust TraxDRX Aerosol 8454, Kanomax IAQ, and TSI IAQ 9545 for three days from 0700 hours to 1400 hours. This research analyzed the chemical and physical parameters inside the classroom, such as particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10), carbon dioxide (CO2), air temperature, air movement and relative humidity. Results show that the concentration of carbon dioxide (635.5 ppm – 756 ppm) and (723 ppm - 806.5 ppm) for institutional and residential areas are within the limits. The concentration of PM10 was (0.039 mg/m3 – 0.129 mg/m3) and (0.061 mg/m3 – 0.109 mg/m3), relative humidity (76.15% - 88.6%) and (60.9% - 86.75%), air movement (0.08 m/s – 0.82 m/s) and (0.08 m/s – 0.88 m/s) and temperature (27.25˚C – 30.8˚C) and (26.75˚C – 31.0˚C) for institutional and residential area respectively, did not comply with the (ICOP-IAQ 2010) standard. Spatial analysis shows the critical points were at the teacher’s desk, the middle section of the classroom and at the back of the classroom. The critical point was observed in the middle section of the class, as most of the students resided at the back of the classroom where there was furniture that contained particulates
THE PERCEPTION OF THE LOCAL TOURIST ON RAMBU SOLO FUNERAL CEREMONY: A DEATH JOURNEY
No full textThe Rambu Solo ceremony is one-of-a-kind from several extensive ritual practices. Its uniqueness makes Toraja as a tourist destination and attracts a large number of visitors. This burial ceremony emphasised four components of life, namely love, prestige, religion, and economy, with the goal of respecting the souls as they return to eternity among the ancestors. However, when the customs and taboos between the Toraja people and tourists fail to be celebrated and informed, some unwanted scenes inspire. Thus, this study is written to investigate the perception of the local tourist on Rambu solo funeral ceremony as a death journey. This qualitative research used in-depth interviews as a data collection technique and was participated by three informants, three local tourists from Toraja. Transcriptions of interviews will be analysed using descriptive techniques, mainly using the data-reducing method. The result revealed that the Toraja Tujaan community views the ceremony as an obligatory act of service towards the bereaved family, particularly the parents. Additionally, the Rambu Solo ceremony serves as a means for showcasing pride and indicating the social status of the Toraja people. The Toraja community recognises four different social status: Tana bulawan (the golden tana caste, descended from the king), tana bassi (the iron tana caste, representing security personnel), tana karurung (the caste of free individuals), and tana kuah-kuah (a caste for the people of ramba and pesuru). On the other hand, the perceptions of local tourists towards the Rambu Solo ceremony highlight its uniqueness as a burial ritual
WELL-BEING AND ETHICAL VALUES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN MALAYSIA: A COMPARISON ACROSS ASEAN COUNTRIES
No full textStudies on women entrepreneurs remain limited as compared to their men counterparts. Furthermore, existing literature mainly emphasizes the conventional issue of business performance measured through financial indicators. This study is unique from conventional research that focused on financial performance particularly among male entrepreneurs. To advance, this research embarks to examine the well-being and ethical values of women entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Drawing on data from the World Values Survey wave 7 (2017-2020), I also compare the condition in Malaysia with five other ASEAN countries. In general, I found that women entrepreneurs in Malaysia exhibit a low level of well-being, particularly in terms of happiness, and life and financial satisfaction. Also, they are perceived as moderately ethical towards cheating on taxes and accepting a bribe. Overall, this research contributes to shed light on a novel perspective of entrepreneurship particularly among women. This paper examines two unique dimensions of women entrepreneurship in Malaysia: Well-being and ethical values. It utilizes the recent World Values Survey Wave 7 (2017-2020) data to study five elements in the former (happiness, health, freedom, life satisfaction, and financial satisfaction) and two elements in the latter (perception of cheating on taxes and perception on accepting a bribe). This study employs the recent WVS wave 7 (2017-2021) data to compare all well-being and ethical values across women entrepreneurs in five ASEAN countries (Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, and Myanmar). The results show that women entrepreneurs in Malaysia exhibit a low level of well-being, particularly in terms of happiness, and life and financial satisfaction. Also, they are perceived as moderately ethical towards cheating on taxes and accepting a bribe
A REVIEW OF ANISAKIS SPP. AND ITS VARIOUS ALLERGENS’ PROFILING AND CHARACTERISATION
No full textThis review article focuses on the identification and characterisation of the allergens present in Anisakis spp., parasitic worms found in coastal fish that can cause anisakiasis in humans who consume raw or contaminated seafood. The study aims to fill a gap in the research by profiling and analysing the allergens present in Anisakis simplex s.s., Anisakis pegreffii and the hybrid haplotype. To conduct the analysis of Anisakis spp. and its various allergens, a comprehensive bibliographical search was conducted using online sources such as Google Scholar, PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, Springer Link and Wiley Online Library. These sources provided diverse articles, research papers and other relevant literature on the subject. The findings of this analysis were based on an extensive review of the sources and provided insights into the allergenicity of Anisakis spp. and the various allergens that it contains. According to the study, the most important allergens are Anis 1, Anis 7, and Anis 12. In contrast, Anis 4, Anis 5, Anis 6, Anis 8, Anis 9, Anis 10, and Anis 11 are minor allergens present in the somatic and excretory/secretory (ES) components of third-stage Anisakis larvae. Anis 1 and Anis 4 are the main causes of anaphylaxis associated with anisakiasis because they both need heat to cause allergic reactions. Anis 1 (24 kDa), Anis 5 (15 kDa), Anis 7 (139 kDa), and Anis 9 (14 kDa) are frequently targeted by antibodies in people with anisakiasis. Some of these allergens, including Anis 1, Anis 5, and Anis 9, are heat-stable, which is a concern because they can linger even after cooking contaminated seafood. These allergies include Anis 4, Anis 8, Anis 11, and Anis 10, as well as Anis 1, Anis 5, and Anis 9. Immunoassays frequently employ the pan allergens Anis 2 (paramyosin) and Anis 3 (tropomyosin), although these assays have a low sensitivity, which limits their diagnostic relevance. The most prominent excretory/secretory (ES) allergen nowadays is Anis 7, the only one that all patients with A. simplex infection recognise. The characterisation and profiling of Anisakis spp. allergens have yet to be fully explored in the literature, making this review a unique contribution to the field of allergy research
AMMONIUM-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE ASCORBIC ACID, CAROTENOID, PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT IN THE CULTURES OF Aglaonema simplex: Ammonium effects on Aglaonema simplex
No full textMalayan Sword or Borneo Sword (Aglaonema simplex) is a semi-aquatic plant that inhabits the swamp forest or adjacent to a river. The plant species belong to the Araceae family and are native to Southeast Asia. Ammonium is one source of nitrogen for plants. In higher concentrations, ammonium is toxic to plants. The present study examines the effects of ammonium concentrations (0 mM to 45.0 mM) on biomass, α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, carotenoid, phenolic, flavonoid, and flavones levels in an aquatic plant culture, Aglaonema simplex. Results showed that ammonium concentrations induced changes in the biomass and biochemicals of the plant. Ammonium at 36.0 mM produced the highest biomass at 1.5-fold dry weight, ascorbic acid at 1.2-fold and total phenolic produced 1.3-fold dry weight in biomass after 28 days of treatment. Carotenoid, chlorophyll, and flavonoid content varied among the ammonium concentrations and depend on the culture period. Ammonium concentrations did not significantly influence (p > 0.05) the α-tocopherol content in the treated plants. The finding suggested that ascorbic acid and phenolic might act as shields to diminish the effects of ammonium toxicity and can be induced by an appropriate ammonium concentration applied into the culture medium