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Data Acquisition System and Pattern Image Generations for Hand Grip Device
No full textGrip pattern is essential to understand how an object being held in hand. One of the solutions is to use the pressure sensing glove to capture the gripping pressure distributed on the surface of the palm. The objective of this project is to develop a data acquisition system for a gripping device that can capture the grip patterns when a person is gripping an object. The design comprises of Velostat sheet, rows, and columns of conductive threads, that are sandwiched and layered to form a glove with pressure sensor grids. Arduino is used to generate the signals for data acquisition and interface with the MATLAB program through serial communication. On the MATLAB, the sensor data are organized and represented in hand pattern color image. Voltage Divider Rule (VDR) was used in an experiment with different resistor values and the effect of the image patterns were observed. Another experiment has been designed to find out the grip consistency. The results show that resistor values 330ohm can cause the image pattern create noises. Meanwhile, 4.7kohm resistance value is sufficient to eliminate most of the noises made in the pattern images. In this paper, different grip images can be obtained from different grip activities, such as holding toothbrush, lifting dumbbell, and pressing syringe. Future works can be done in resolution improvement and grip pattern recognition.
Manuscript received: 4 Jun 2021 | Revised: 21 Jul 2021 | Accepted: 4 Aug 2021 | Published: 8 Nov 202
Development of Continuous Blood Pressure Measurement System Using Photoplethysmograph and Pulse Transit Time
No full textBlood pressure is one of the vital signs that provides important information about cardiovascular health. The current blood pressure detection method uses an oscillometric method. Unfortunately, this method required inflation and followed by deflation of the cuff. In addition, this method gives only instantaneous blood pressure and continuous blood pressure measurement is not available. This method is not applicable for patients who required long term blood pressure monitoring. To solve this problem, an algorithm based on pulse transit time (PTT) using two channel photoplethysmograph (PPG) signals can be used to obtain continuous blood pressure. PPG is a non-invasive method to detect blood volume changed affected by various physiological factors using optical sensors. PPG signal analysis can provide sufficient information about human health health, particularly cardiovascular problems. Previous literature study shows that the PTT has a linear relationship with blood pressure and may be as an index to monitor cardiovascular disease. However, determining the structure of model, order and implementation in real-time to offer continuous measurement of the PTT remains a challenging taskin this area. In this project, dynamic model based on PPG pulse transit time isused to measure blood pressure continuously from two different human sites. A low power microcontroller combined with PPG sensor with Bluetooth connectivity was used in this study. MATLAB software is used to calculate PTT from PPG signals obtained from two PPG sensors. Linear regression technique and Fung's algorithm were applied to obtain the line of best fit for measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The experiment results showed that the pulse transit time-basedalgorithm for systolic and diastolic blood pressure calculation can achieve accuracy of 86.34% and 88.20%, respectively. This technique is a simple, user friendly and operator-independent system that suitable for long term blood pressure monitoring and wearable devices.
Manuscript received: 9 May 2021 | Revised: 12 Jul 2021 | Accepted: 11 Sept 2021 | Published: 8 Nov 202
A Contactless Visitor Access Monitoring System
No full textThis project presents a contactless visitor access monitoring in small premises which implemented deep learning model in face recognition, develop the graphical user interface (GUI) for new visitor registration and visitor identification. Five stages of monitoring process are designed in the contactless visitor access monitoring (CVAM) GUI, the first step is to give instructions to the admin user regarding the monitoring process, the second step is to perform face recognition, the third step is to scan the body temperature, the fourth step is to perform mask detection on the visitor, and the final stage is to record visitor access time. Another visitor registration (VisReg) GUI is designed to register new visitors into the system. In VisReg, admin user is required to pre-process face images with MTCNN technique and generate new classifier with a ResNet pre-trained model. The contactless visitor access monitoring process is demonstrated. The face recognition gives an accuracy of 82%, while the mask detection gives an accuracy of 95% when tested with the validation dataset. It can be concluded that the visitor monitoring process can be carried out in a contactless way to eliminate the close contact between the security officers, receptionist, and visitors.
Manuscript received: 29 May 2021 | Revised: 1 Jul 2021 | Accepted: 6 Oct 2021 | Published: 8 Nov 202
Factors Affecting Accumulation of Household Debts in Malaysia: DOI: https://doi.org/10.33093/ijomfa.2021.2.1.2
No full textSince 2000, the ratio of debt to income among Malaysian households has been showing an upward trend. This paper examines the factors affecting accumulation of household loans into two main categories, housing loans and consumption loans. The purpose of this separation is to study the impact of savings on housing loans and consumption loans individually, which has not been researched in a Malaysian context prior to this. By adopting the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), we found that cost of living, house prices and savings impacts accumulation of housing loans and consumption loans differently. There is a positive relationship between savings to housing loans. Cost of living on the other hand has a negative relationship with accumulation of consumption loans. House prices is negatively related to consumption loans. This study fills in the literature gap on the impact of household’s savings on accumulation of both housing and consumption loans. Among the policy implications proposed by this paper is to rectify and influence the root causes of inflation
Rents: How Marketing Causes Inequality by Gerrit De Geest
No full textBook review of Gerrit De Geest, Rents: How Marketing Causes Inequality (Beccaria Book 2018), ISBN: 978-1-7325112-0-0
SCS+C Topographic Correction to Enhance SVM Classification Accuracy
No full textThe topographic impact may change the radiance values captured by the spacecraft sensors, resulting in distinct reflectance value for similar land cover classes and mischaracterization. The problem can be more clearly seen in rugged terrain landscapes than in flat terrains, such as the mountainous areas. In order to minimize topographic impacts, we suggested the implementation of Modified Sun-Canopy-Sensor Correction (SCS+C) technique to generate land cover maps in Gua Musang district which is located in a rugged mountainous terrain area in Kelantan state, Malaysia using an atmospherically corrected Landsat 8 imagery captured on 22 April 2014 by Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. The results showed that the SCS+C method reduces the topographic effect particularly in such a steep and forested terrain with classification accuracy improvement about 4 % which was statistically significantly with the McNemar test value Z and P measured 6.42 and 0.0001 on the corrected image classification 90.1 % accuracy compared to the uncorrected image 86.2 % for the test area. Thus, the topographic correction is suggested to be the main step of the data pre-processing stage in mountainous terrain before SVM image classification
Testing of Auditory Clinical Alarms in ICU/CCU
No full textAlmost all medical devices in ICU/CCU have a built-in clinical alarm system to alert when there are changes in a patient’s condition. The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the existing alarm system in ICU/CCU. Two summative usability tests were conducted to test the effectiveness of existing and new alarm signals based on IEC 60601-1-8:2006 standard. Further formative test was conducted to study perception of urgency associated with number of tones in the alarm signals. The findings indicate that the existing auditory alarm signal in ICU/CCU do not indicate the urgency of the alarm conditions. The simulation test indicates that the respondents preferred 282Hz, 500Hz and 800Hz for low, medium and high-risk alarm respectively. The one-sample proportion z test on urgency mapping indicates that the proportion of responses for highest risk is more than 50% for single tone test signal. These results show that single tone test signal being perceived as highest risk regardless of frequency. It can be concluded the auditory alarm designed based on this IEC 60608-1-8:2006 standard is not effective. As such it is proposed that incorporation of the new alarm frequencies and tones will improve the effectiveness of the alarm signal.
Manuscript received: 25 Jun 2020 | Revised: 20 Aug 2020 | Accepted: 30 Sep 2020 | Published: 30 Oct 202
Susceptibility to Soil Erosion and Risk Assessment at Hilly Farms Using Geospatial Techniques
No full textSoil erosion is a serious environmental challenge which persistently diminishes available land resources globally. The impact of soil erosion is more severe at hilly regions where various techniques are deployed to evaluate its risk levels. However, the traditional approach of estimating the magnitude of erosion is tedious, costly, and considerably time consuming. This study was intended to assess the risk associated with soil erosion at hilly areas of Cameron Highlands through geospatial means. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 5m resolution from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IfSAR) was utilized to generate the slope in the highlands. Soil erosion rates was estimated using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), while information about land use and cover were sourced from relevant government agencies. Inversed Distance Weighted (IDW) method of spatial interpolation was applied to predict the values of unknown pixels. The analysis shows that, there is 217.5 km2 of the highlands which is greater than 45-degree accounted for about 30.5% of the total land area. Moreover, erosion risk assessment indicated that 66.3%, 11.4%, 11.7% and 10.8% are respectively classified as very low, law, moderate and high susceptible to soil erosion. In general, the risk of soil erosion is relatively low and could be attributed to dense vegetation coverage within the study watershed despite the steep slopes where it was found to be at very high risk to soil erosion susceptibility. However, there is need to deploy best management practices to reduce the effect of soil disturbances at hilly areas and prevent excessive soil loss in future
Total Suspended Solid (TSS) Estimation in Lake Tempe, South Sulawesi Using Sentinel-2B Imagery
No full textLake Tempe is located in three districts, namely Wajo, Sidenreng Rapang, and Sopeng, South Sulawesi. The water quality in Lake Tempe needs to be considered both the quality and the quantity of the water. Total Suspended Solid (TSS) is one of the calculations and analysis of air quality. The large of TSS distribution can overcome the effects of sedimentation thereby reducing the need for lakes in saving water. TSS distribution at Lake Tempe can be accessed through Sentinel 2B imagery with acquisition time 10 April 2019 and spatial resolution of 10 meters. The algorithm used is NSMI (Normalized Suspended Material Index) algorithm then the results are compared with TSS measurements result in the field. The time of the study was conducted in April 2019 at Lake Tempe, South Sulawesi. The result from samples showed various TSS value which is in the range of 65 mg/L to 203 mg/L with R2 of 0.1194 and standard deviation of 8.7106. High TSS value on the banks of the North lakes also had high sedimentation. Low TSS value are in the middle of the lake with small sedimentation and deeper lake