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Managing the Nigerian Economy through Fiscal Deficit: DOI: https://doi.org/10.33093/ijomfa.2023.4.2.3
No full textThis study examined how fiscal deficit, exchange rate, and inflation rate impacted the economic growth of the Nigerian economy from 1980 to 2019. The cointegration connection in the study was discovered using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test. The analysis found that, while inflation and the exchange rate have a positive and significant relationship with the Nigerian economy, the fiscal deficit has a negative but relatively insignificant effect on the country's GDP. The Nigerian government should stabilise the currency's external value and prevent it from falling in value in the short term. Such policies should be developed to encourage people to pay taxes while providing incentives to those who abide. The government should lower lender interest rates to boost small domestic investors to make investments and create jobs while increasing government revenue. Government agencies should reduce luxuries and wasteful spending to avoid a fiscal deficit
Perceptions of Islamic Banking among Post Millennials: A Study on Muslim Students: DOI: https://doi.org/10.33093/ijomfa.2023.4.2.2
No full textThis study aimed to understand the perception of Islamic banking among post millennials Muslim students and explore their expectations towards Islamic Shariah compliant banking. The study uses qualitative method to understand respondents’ subjective views. Semi-structured interviews are used among the Muslim students studying at public and private universities in Malaysia. Twelve students were selected using purposive sampling. The analysis revealed that religious motives, efficient services, and convenience in terms of online banking and ATM services are factors in bank selection. The study found that the students’ perceptions of their understanding of Islamic banking are not sufficient, and there is a gap in the understanding of the mechanism of Islamic banking operations. Most of the existing literature is on the customer satisfaction, customer behaviour and service quality. However, there are little research on the perceptions of Islamic banking among the students who are post millennials. This study focus on the new generation’s perception of Islamic banking and attempts to fill this gap. The findings of the present study can be used as a reference in future studies in the area of perceptions among students or post millennials
Organizational Fear: Barriers to Effective Performance among Malaysian Fresh Graduates’ Employees: DOI: https://doi.org/10.33093/ijomfa.2023.4.2.7
No full textThe aim of this research study is to determine the factors, i.e., childhood socialization, institutional socialization, cultural socialization, fear of workplace penalty and afraid of getting terminated from work of organizational fear that influence the effective performance among the Malaysian fresh graduate employees. Data were collected from 119 fresh graduate employees who have their jobs in their first year in organization and data was analysed by using statistical analyses. The findings show that all the factors (childhood socialization, institutional socialization, cultural socialization, fear of workplace penalty and afraid of getting terminated from work) have significant relationships with effective performance. Among these, cultural socialization has the strongest relationship with effective performance. The empirical findings highlight factors of organizational fears that might affect the effectiveness of organizational performance. It also provides recommendations for organizations to reduce employee fear for better performance in achieving individual and company goals. This study provides insight into the important factors for organisational fear which ultimately lead to a better understanding to improve performance among fresh graduates’ employees in Malaysia
Enhanced InP-based Gunn Diodes with Notch-d-doped Structure for Low-THz Applications
No full textIn this work, Monte Carlo simulation is performed for InP Gunn diode with a notch-d-doped structure. It is found that the presence of the d-doped layer has improved the Gunn diode performance significantly as compared to the conventional notch structure. The d-doped effect caused an increment in the fundamental operating frequency and current harmonic amplitude in InP Gunn diodes by modifying the electric field profile within the device. An InP notch-d-doped Gunn diode with device length of 800 nm under 3V DC bias is capable of producing AC current signal of 287 GHz, reaching the THz region, with its harmonic amplitude being 5.68×108 A/m2. It is observed that InP-based notch-d-doped Gunn diode is able to generate signals at a higher operating frequency with a larger output power as compared to that of GaAs due to the higher electron drift velocity and threshold field in InP material.
Manuscript Received: 8 September 2022, Accepted: 12 October 2022, Published: 15 March 2023, ORCiD: 0000-0003-4631-669
Hybrid-based Recommender System for Online Shopping: A Review
No full textIn the era of the digital revolution, online shopping has developed into a remarkably simple and economical option for consumers to make purchases securely and conveniently from their homes. In order for the online merchant to optimize their profit, the online shopping platform must always display a list of potential products that customers may purchase. The recommender system kicks in at this point to assist in finding products that customers would like and recommend a list of product recommendations that match the customer's preferences. This paper reviews the recommender system technology in detail by reviewing the classification technique. Other than that, the related works will be reviewed to understand how each technique works, the strengths and limitations, the datasets and evaluation metrics employed.
Manuscript Received: 8 February 2023, Accepted: 21 February 2023, Published: 15 March 2023, ORCiD: 0000-0002-7190-083
Responsibility of Financial Institutions as Potential Intermediaries of Fraud and the Cheapest Cost Avoider Principle
No full textGenerally, a bank may owe a duty of care towards its customers in a negligence claim. In a recent case of Koperasi Sahabat Amanah Ikhtiar Bhd v RHB Investment Bank Bhd, the Court of Appeal extended the duty of care of banks to non-customers. This new ruling has a significant impact on the bank to ensure that the bank will exercise reasonable skill and care in performing its duties to both customers and non-customers. The fact that a contractual relationship does not exist is not a bar to establish a duty of care in negligence claims. The principle of cheapest cost avoider is consistent with the doctrinal approach taken by the Court of Appeal in affirming the duty of care of financial institutions since financial institutions are most likely in the best position to deter fraud and minimise losses due to such over-sight. It is also suggested that such duty should also be applied to other deposit-taking financial institutions such as electronic wallet providers against unauthorised transfer for funds from account holders
Online Learning Supports in Times of Pandemic: From Parents’ Perspective
No full textThis research aimed to identify the difficulties faced by parents in providing educational support for online learning during COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Quantitative approach was used, and 100 respondents participated in this study. The selection of respondents was done randomly based on several criteria. Data were collected online based on close-ended and open-ended questions related to home learning and parents’ struggles. The study identified three major themes which are personal, technical and financial challenges and all the variables based on these challenges are interrelated and have significant correlations and mutually influencing each other. The results show the mean for variable personal challenges are at moderate level (m=3.22), mean for technical challenges are at high level (m=3.77) and mean for financial challenges are at moderate level (m=3.55). This proves that there is a significant relationship between personal, technical and financial challenges. However, some limitations should be noted. First, the research only included parents of primary school level students. Second, only parents who reside in Malacca would be our respondents. Third, our findings are limited to parents' personal, technical and financial aspects. This study shed a light on parents’ struggle in providing educational support for online learning during the COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia. To overcome it, some revisions and modifications are required to be done, including finding ways to provide assistance from schools, teachers, as well as the government. The implementation of new laws, regulations and suggestions may assist the parents to enhance the perceptions that parents have in handling situations in challenging times. Other than that, there is a need to further study the role of the community and the NGOs in helping parents to overcome struggle in the future
Confirmation Bias in Our Opinions on Social Media: A Qualitative Approach
No full textPersonal opinions are shaped by several factors, such as social, political, and economic issues. Subconscious bias is caused by factors such as the socioeconomic environment in which a person was raised, information gleaned from a network of friends, acquaintances, co-workers, as well as information from all other information sources. Confirmation bias is the propensity to look for evidence that supports one's preconceived notions rather than contradicts them. Due to its pressure on influencing personal opinions, confirmation bias has recently come back into focus as a topic of discussion, and social media today seems to have the biggest impact on the creation of confirmation bias in personal opinions on a variety of issues. Owing to social media's immense fame and popularity today, it has turned into a source of confirmation bias. Therefore, what are the factors that contribute to confirmation bias in our opinions on social media? How does confirmation bias shape our opinions on social media? A semi-structured interview was conducted with six (6) informants to seek answers to what and how confirmation bias shapes our opinions on social media. This study produced four themes, which are education level, algorithm, conformity, and self-control. Briefly, social media does shape confirmation bias in internet users' personal opinions. Finally, the current study has a limitation in that it only looks at social media, personal opinions, and confirmation bias
A Data Augmented Method for Plant Disease Leaf Image Recognition based on Enhanced GAN Model Network
No full textThe identification of plant disease leaves based on deep learning is the key to control the development and spread of plant diseases. In this paper, the existing problems of traditional classification and recognition of plant disease leaves and the limitations of deep learning-based plant disease leaf training are analysed. An enhanced GAN model network based on the Wasserstein GAN loss function has been developed to address the limited training images of plant disease leaves. The self-attention layer is added into the self-encoding structure of the generating network. The effectiveness of data generated by the encoder is increased after the self-attention layer is added after the convolution. Finally, the model's training process is stabilised using the depth gradient punishment method. Three types of corn disease photos and 100 health images from the PlantVillage dataset were used as data sets in the experiment. An AWGAN model was applied to generate around 3000 images. Several data improvement techniques were applied to augment the same datasets. Comparative tests are conducted using AlexNet, VGG16, and ResNet18. The results indicate that the proposed AWGAN model is capable of generating sufficient images of maize leaf diseases with apparent lesions, making it a viable solution for data augmentation of plant disease images. The training model's recognition accuracy is significantly increased. The proposed awGAN-based image identification method for plant leaf disease efficiently resolves the over-fitting problem in the small sample training set. The model recognition accuracy in the ResNet18 network achieves 98.4%
Dropout Prediction Model for College Students in MOOCs Based on Weighted Multi-feature and SVM
No full textDue to the COVID -19 pandemic, MOOCs have become a popular form of learning for college students. However, unlike traditional face-to-face courses, MOOCs offer little faculty supervision, which may result in students being insufficiently motivated to continue learning, ultimately leading to a high dropout rate. Consequently, the problem of high dropout rates in MOOCs requires urgent attention in MOOC research. Predicting dropout rates is the first step to address this problem, and MOOCs have a large amount of behavioral data that can be used for such predictions. Most existing models for predicting MOOC dropout based on behavioral data assign equal weights to each behavioral characteristic, despite the fact that each behavioral characteristic has a different effect on predicting dropout. To address this problem, this paper proposes a dropout prediction model based on the fusion of behavioral data and Support Vector Machine (SVM). This innovative model assigns different weights to different behavior features based on Pearson principle and integrates them as data inputs to the model. Dropout prediction is essentially a binary problem, Support Vector Machine Classifier is then trained using the training dataset 1 and dataset 2. Experimental results on both datasets show that this predictive model outperforms previous models that assign the same weights to the behavior features