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Inward foreign direct investment and innovation: Which comes first?
No full textThis study re-examines the direction of causality between inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and innovation (residents and non-residents) by considering balanced panel data of 56 countries (2000-2020). The vector auto-regressive (VAR) Granger non-causality tests show a direction from FDI inflows to innovation (non-residents), where FDI comes first (FDI-led innovation), while there is bidirectional causality between innovation by non-residents and residents, in general. For developed economies, FDI causes innovation by non-residents, but is caused by residents' innovation. There is no causation between FDI and innovation in either developing economies or economies in transition. These findings were further complemented by impulse response functions and various decomposition tests. Some policy relevance is highlighted
Real-Time Heart Rate Classification: Advancements and Challenges
No full textThis study focuses on the classification of heart rate, a condition with significant implications for health. The challenge lies in selecting an appropriate algorithm that can handle various types and severities of arrhythmia, enabling informed decisions and effective management. Factors such as accuracy, scalability, and efficiency are crucial for individuals without medical expertise. The selected algorithm should provide reliable classifications across different levels of severity, allowing individuals to monitor their heart rates in real-time and seek medical attention when needed. By addressing these challenges, this research aims to contribute to early diagnosis, treatment, and improved management of heart rate arrhythmia.
Manuscript Received: 21 July 2023, Accepted: 30 August 2023, Published: 15 March 2024, ORCiD: 0000-0002-5151-230
LoRa Based IoT Enabled Sensor Networks for Plantations
No full textThe integration of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology with the Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture plays a pivotal role in addressing a range of challenges and constraints faced by the sector, encompassing issues such as labour shortages, suboptimal farm management practises, and unpredictable weather conditions. In response to these pressing concerns, this study focuses on the development of WSN with IoT for agriculture, employing a spread spectrum modulation technique named the Long Range (LoRa) module. By leveraging LoRa devices and wireless radio frequencies, this technology serves as a versatile platform for delivering wireless, long-range, and energy-efficient communication to support small and medium-sized agricultural operations. These operations often lack adequate technological assistance due to factors such as limited expertise and the high costs associated with cutting-edge agricultural technology. The research undertakes a comprehensive exploration, involving LoRa parameter testing, Line-of-Sight evaluations, Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) simulations, and sensor calibration, to assess the efficacy of LoRa-based IoT-enabled sensor networks within plantation environments. The overarching objective of this research endeavour is to provide valuable insights that contribute to the optimisation of agricultural practises through streamlined IoT solutions. By implementing practical and cost-effective strategies, the local agricultural sector stands poised to achieve seamless strides in both sustainable and efficient food production.
Manuscript Received: 29 July 2023, Accepted: 25 August 2023, Published: 15 March 2024, ORCiD: 0000-0003-1076-503
The Design of Low Power Op-amp for Biomedical Application
No full textThis work presents a low-power operational amplifier (op-amp) circuit design which optimized and tailored specifically for biomedical circuit application in low power environment. The proposed op-amp design incorporates the folded cascode differential amplifier technique with a low voltage supply 1.2 V, utilizing current biasing, current mirrors, and adopted low-power circuit topologies. AC and DC analysis are carried out to analyse the performance of the proposed design. Extensive simulations executed using industrial standard EDA tool have validated the circuit design, and demonstrated a gain of 70.94 dB, UGBW of 4.90 MHz, GM of 52.70 dB, PM of 82.02 degrees, PSRR of 82.77 dB, CMRR of 100.78 dB, and total power dissipation of only 28.07 mW. Low power consumption is essential for biomedical circuit applications, and the result shows a significant power reduction without compromising other performance parameters. The proposed op-amp circuit design is suitable to be implemented in low-power and high-performance biomedical devices.
Manuscript Received: 30 July 2023, Accepted: 25 August 2023, Published: 15 March 2024, ORCiD: 0000-0001-5226-683
One More Episode Won’t Hurt! How Stress, Social Interaction Anxiety, and Loneliness Relate to Binge-Watching Behaviours among University Students
No full textEvidence on the relationship between binge-watching and stress, social interaction anxiety, and loneliness among university students is still scarce and limited to a few countries; thus, the findings remain largely inconclusive. This study fills this gap by examining whether binge-watching is associated with and predicted by stress, social interaction anxiety, and loneliness. Television series viewing patterns, binge-watching behaviour, and psychological states of 149 Malaysian undergraduate students (Male = 48; Female = 101) aged 18 to 25 years were assessed through the Binge-Watching Addiction Questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, and the UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 in a cross-sectional online survey. The results show that most participants are moderately stressed, have high social interaction anxiety, and have high levels of loneliness. Although both genders report moderate binge-watching behaviour, female students have a higher frequency of binge-watching than males. Pearson correlational analyses show that binge-watching is significantly correlated with social interaction anxiety and loneliness but not with perceived stress. In multiple regression analysis, social interaction anxiety is the single predictor of binge-watching. These findings suggest that social interaction anxiety contributes significantly to explaining the extent of binge-watching behaviour. Watching television series consecutively seems to act as a strategy to satisfy certain needs and provide gratification to the viewers, confirming the applicability of the Uses and Gratification Theory. As such, higher learning institutions may consider designing and implementing interventions that address social interaction needs in relation to excessive consumption of television shows among students
The Influence of eHealth Literacy and Self-Efficacy on Online Health Information-Seeking Behaviour among University Students: Cyberchondria as a Mediator
No full textCOVID-19 has seen an increased reliance on online health information, raising concerns over cyberchondria, a condition characterised by excessive worry about health based on online information. This quantitative survey study examines the prevalence of cyberchondria and its correlation with eHealth literacy among 168 university students and their online health information-seeking behaviour. The results showed a significant negative correlation between eHealth literacy and cyberchondria, revealing that individuals with higher eHealth literacy were less likely to experience cyberchondria. This study also found that demographic factors such as age, gender, and education level were associated with cyberchondria. The findings suggest that eHealth literacy is an important protective factor against cyberchondria as individuals with higher eHealth literacy may be better able to critically evaluate online health information and avoid becoming overly anxious about their health. Thus, public health interventions should focus on improving eHealth literacy, especially for those with a heightened risk of cyberchondria, through online health information literacy courses and training healthcare providers on how to discuss cyberchondria with patients
Facebook’s Influence on the Effectiveness of Digital Advertising among Malaysian Youth
No full textThe growth of advanced technology has contributed to the digital advertising industry as Facebook's users are easily connected, and purchasing behaviours will be developed with the content of the products promoted in digital advertising. The older generation prefers traditional advertising due to technology's security and privacy aspects, leading to fewer choices in purchasing products. This study aimed to identify the relationship between the influence of Facebook and the effectiveness of digital advertising among Malaysian youth in Klang Valley. It was anticipated that this research would provide helpful information to the public and assist researchers in the future based on the findings of this topic area. Data was collected using a Google Form and distributed via social media like WhatsApp. The targeted respondents are between 15 and 34 years old and are located in the Klang Valley area. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 system was used to determine digital advertising characteristics electronically. T-test and ANOVA tests were applied in this study to examine the demographic factors that affect the relationship between the variables, as different backgrounds influence the perspectives and behaviours of the users. The findings show that the independent variable, the influence of Facebook, has a strong correlation with the dependent variable, the effectiveness of digital advertising among Malaysian youth in Klang Valley (r= 0.770). Socio-demographic factors such as age and educational level had an effect on the relationship between the variables. The effectiveness of digital advertising is influenced by the number of likes, comments, and shares by Facebook users
A Textual Analysis of Creative Multimedia Approaches in Tamil Movie Title Posters
No full textCreative multimedia refers to integrating different media elements, such as text, graphics, audio, video, animation, and interactive elements to convey a message, tell a story, or evoke emotions in a visually compelling and engaging way. Formation of Tamil movie titles is a crucial process of moviemaking because the director intends to reveal the essence of the movie itself, like a title of a journal article. Tamil cinema, also known as Kollywood, has faced a lot of controversies, and one of them is choosing the title of a film. These days, directors concentrate on movie titles with creative ideas to reach audiences. Therefore, this study intends to 1) analyse creative multimedia approaches in Tamil movie title posters and 2) reveal the meaning and storyline of the film from Tamil movie title posters. This descriptive qualitative study used Tamil movie titles (English version posters) using purposive sampling from the production’s official pages. The data support the findings of the formation of Tamil movie titles collaborating with creative multimedia approaches using textual analysis. Lately, directors or designers have been using creative multimedia approaches to attract the audience’s interest in the movie’s title from pre-production until release. The study disclosed that symbols and creative multimedia approaches became interesting domains to keep the titles intact. The findings help to extract the storyline by inserting creative multimedia into the titles so that the audience can presume the storyline, which attracts their attention and draws them into the theatres
Multimodal English Language Pedagogy and Social Justice: A Sociohistorical Perspective from South Korea
No full textThis research investigates English language education in South Korea, situated within the broader sociohistorical and global influences that shape the education system. The theory-based study sets out to critique the prevailing grammar-intensive and rote learning methodologies, proposing instead a pedagogical paradigm that foregrounds holistic, inclusive practices and purpose for student agency. By employing a qualitative analysis, it explores multimodality while endorsing the fusion of interdisciplinary insights to enhance both the learning process and students' communicative competencies. Findings underscore the pivotal role of educators in fostering significant pedagogical shifts, necessitating deep introspection and an informed grasp of sociohistorical and cultural contexts. The research reveals a need for an approach to learning that harmonises linguistic skills with broad sociocultural understanding, advocating for a teaching model that seamlessly integrates historical consciousness, creativity and innovative strategies, and a commitment to principles of social justice. The significance of this study lies in its potential to influence policy and practice, encouraging a move towards more engaged, reflective and socially responsible English language instruction within the region