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Rekonstruksi dalaman dialek Baling purba: (Internal reconstruction of proto Baling)
No full textKajian ini, dengan menerapkan tatakaedah rekonstruksi dalaman, merupakan satu usaha untuk membina bentuk hipotetikal dialek purba yang diandaikan wujud pada suatu masa dahulu di salah satu kawasan terpencil di Semenanjung Tanah Melayu. Dialek purba yang dimaksudkan diistilahkan dalam kajian ini sebagai dialek Baling purba (DBP). Bagi mengoperasikan tatakaedah rekonstruksi dalaman, datanya dikumpul di lapan buah kampung sekitar Baling, Kedah. Kesemua kampung yang dikunjungi itu mewakili lapan varian dialek Melayu Baling (DMB). Hasil rekonstruksi menunjukkan DBP mempunyai 4 fonem vokal iaitu **i, **u, **ə, **a dan 18 konsonan iaitu **b, **d, **g, **p, **t, **k, **m, **n, **ŋ, **ɲ, **ɣ, **s, **h, *c, **j, **l, **w dan **j. Dari satu segi, jumlah fonem DBP sejajar dengan fonem bahasa Malayik purba (MP) dan dialek-dialek turunannya. Dari segi yang lain, kewujudan fonem **ɣ menunjukkan kemandiran DBP, maka dialek purba ini terpisah daripada dialek-dialek Melayu cabang semenanjung utara. Natijah dapatan ini ialah kemandirian DBP memerlukannya untuk dikelaskan dalam pengelompokan yang baru
DARI TAJUK BERITA KEPADA SEJARAH: AKHBAR TEMPATAN SARAWAK TENTANG KONFRONTASI MALAYSIA-INDONESIA, 1963-1966: (From Headlines To History: Local Sarawak Newspapers On The Malaysia-Indonesia Confrontation, 1963-1966)
No full textKajian ini menyelidiki Konfrontasi Malaysia-Indonesia (1963-1966) melalui kaca mata akhbar tempatan Sarawak, meneliti bagaimana penerbitan ini membentuk dan mencerminkan sentimen awam semasa tempoh ketegangan geopolitik yang sengit. Dengan menganalisis tajuk utama, editorial dan laporan daripada akhbar tempatan utama, penyelidikan itu mendedahkan peranan akhbar dalam menceritakan peristiwa yang berlaku dan mempengaruhi pendapat umum di Sarawak. Kajian itu meneroka bagaimana gambaran media tentang konflik itu menyumbang kepada pemahaman yang lebih luas tentang konfrontasi di kalangan rakyat Sarawak, mendedahkan peranan dwi akhbar sebagai pemberi maklumat dan pembentuk sejarah. Melalui analisis kandungan surat khabar yang diarkibkan, penyelidikan itu memberikan pandangan tentang tindak balas media tempatan terhadap konfrontasi, menonjolkan nuansa dalam pelaporan dan kesan naratif ini pada ingatan kolektif tempoh tersebut. Kajian ini bukan sahaja menyumbang kepada pensejarahan Konfrontasi Malaysia-Indonesia tetapi juga menggariskan kepentingan media tempatan dalam mendokumentasi dan mempengaruhi peristiwa sejarah.
ABSTRACT
This study delves into the Malaysia-Indonesia Confrontation (1963-1966) through the lens of Sarawak\u27s local newspapers, examining how these publications shaped and reflected public sentiment during a period of intense geopolitical tension. By analysis the headlines, editorials, and reports from key local newspapers, the research uncovers the role of the press in narrating the unfolding events and influencing public opinion in Sarawak. The study explores how the media\u27s portrayal of the conflict contributed to the broader understanding of the confrontation among Sarawakians, revealing the press\u27s dual role as both an informer and a shaper of history. Through a content analysis of archived newspapers, the research provides insights into the local media\u27s response to the confrontation, highlighting the nuances in reporting and the impact of these narratives on the collective memory of the period. This study not only contributes to the historiography of the Malaysia-Indonesia Confrontation but also underscores the significance of local media in documenting and influencing historical events
EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS\u27 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES ON MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDS) AND THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN MSD PREVENTION PRACTICES AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS
No full textThis study investigated the impact of the knowledge and attitude of health care workers (HCWs) and their engagement in MSU prevention practice in Malaysia. One hundred and ten consenting HCWs participated in this cross-sectional survey. They responded to a structured questionnaire investigating socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes for the prevention of musculoskeletal conditions. The statistical data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pear-son’s chi-square test, which had a significant level of 0.05 using SPSS 27.0. The study utilized cluster disproportional simple random sampling. The study explored the relationship between healthcare providers’ knowledge and attitudes towards MSDs and their involvement in prevention practices. Results revealed a significant positive relationship between attitude and MSD prevention, while on the contrary, the relationship between knowledge and MSD was not significant. The study highlights the inadequate knowledge of MSD among HCWs and the need for improved availability of MSD knowledge, and special training on the utilization and interpretation of MSD. These implications underscore the importance of this research in improving the musculoskeletal health of healthcare workers, with the potential to impact healthcare practices and policies significantly
THE APPLICATION OF GOOD FAITH IN CONTRACTS DURING A FORCE MAJEURE EVENT AND BEYOND WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE COVID-19 ACT 2020
No full textMany parties face difficulties in performing contracts due to the economic dislocation since the outbreak of COVID-19. The extraordinary nature of this pandemic situation calls for good faith in contractual settings. The discussion of this paper focuses on the imposition in a force majeure event which will cause many contracts to be unenforceable. The research method used doctrinal analysis to discuss the force majeure clause in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the obligation of good faith in contracts. This paper will discuss the COVID-19 pandemic as a force majeure event, arguing that the rise of "good faith" in contract law and the application of "good faith" in contracts as a mitigation for a force majeure event. The paper will then present its conclusion and recommendations. The findings highlight the significance of applying "good faith" in the event of force majeure and beyond as a mitigating factor in alleviating uncertainty and unfairness
CRISES AS HARBINGERS OF OPPORTUNITIES: AN EMPIRICAL INSIGHT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AS MODERATOR BETWEEN ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AND STRATEGIC AGILITY
No full textThe upstream oil and gas businesses in Nigeria suffer from insufficient absorptive capacity, poor knowledge management intheir operations, and a lack of capability to address difficulties in the country effectively. These factors impeded their capacity to bestrategically agile in reacting to the sector’s issues, eventually stifling their performance. This study investigated the moderating influence of knowledge management on the relationship between absorptive capacity and strategic agility in the upstream oil and gas industry of Nigeria. A survey research design was used. Instruments were sent to the upper and intermediate management of upstream oil and gas businesses in Lagos State. The validity and reliability of the instrument were examined, and the findings indicated that the questionnaire was valid and reliable. Smart Partial Least Square (PLS) 3.0 was used for data analysis, coupled with Structural Equation Modelling. The research indicated that absorptive capacity had a substantial impact on strategic agility and that knowledge management strengthened the association between absorptive capacity and strategic agility among the chosen upstream oil and gas enterprises in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study recommended that upstream oil and gas businesses employ good knowledge management methods and construct excellent absorptive capabilities to financially engage strategic agility measuresthat will guarantee greater success than their sector competitors. The study’s theoretical and managerial ramifications, as well as its limits and future research opportunities, were discussed
EFFECTS OF EXTENDED VALUE CHAIN ACTIVITIES ON PROFIT EFFICIENCY IN MALAYSIAN PLANTATION COMPANIES
No full textThe palm oil industry in Malaysia is the main driver of Malaysia’s agricultural sector due to its significant contribution. High demandand attractive earnings of palm oil have attracted high participation from plantation companies in this industry. Therefore, this studyaimed to assess the level of profit efficiency of plantation companies involved in different value chain activities, as well as the factors that influence the profit efficiency of these plantation companies. A total of 40 Malaysian plantation companies listed in Bursa Malaysia from 2000 to 2018 with different value chain activities were examined using panel data. The evaluation of profit efficiency was based on data analysis, which included working capital costs, labour costs, and property, plant, and equipment (PP&E) costs that affect the plantation companies’ profit function. The parametric approach, also known as Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), was used to assessthe profit efficiency of these plantation companies empirically. The results revealed that the average profit efficiency of 40 plantationcompanies was 60.3 percent, implying that an estimated 39.7 percent of profit was lost due to a combination of technical inefficiencies and allocative inefficiencies in plantation companies. Other findings were based on value chain activity categories (pure upstream plantation companies and downstream integrated plantation companies), whereby downstream integrated plantation companies had the highest profit efficiency (76.6%) when compared to the pure upstream plantation companies (54.2%). As a result, the study showed that plantation companies engaged in extended value chain activities were more profit efficient than plantation companies that did not extend their value chain activities (referring to pure upstream plantation companies)
ECONOMIC, SOCIO-CULTURAL AND EXISTENTIAL ENGAGEMENT STRATEGIES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A SCENARIO-BASED EXPERIMENT
No full textThe purpose of this study is to reveal the impact of the different engagement strategies used to respond to the economic, sociocultural and existential pressures on the purchase intention of the adult consumers and to compare the purchase intentions of the engagement strategies across gender and income. We embodied a scenario-based within-group experimental design to investigate the effect of engagement strategies on purchase intention. We used a convenience sampling strategy with 221 university students enrolled in an elective course on public relations in Turkey. The results showed that the engagement strategies that respond to the existential pressures are at least essential as those strategies that respond to the economic pressures during the Covid-19 pandemic. Additionally, the findings showed the purchase intentions on the different engagement strategies change across gender whereas there is no significant difference in various income groups. Unlike similarly themed studies, this study employed the quantitative analytical approach. This study shows that the engagement strategies developed for existential pressures have become as important as the economic pressures.
FACTORS DETERMINING THE USE OF MOBILE BANKING IN INDONESIA
No full textThis study was aimed at determining the factors that could influence a person’s decision to use mobile banking. In this study, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived credibility were considered exogenous variables, and social factors as mediators. This research used quantitative methods. The population in this study were Indonesian Sharia Bank customers who used BSI mobile banking services in the Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi areas. A sample of 200 people was obtained using the purposive sampling method. The analysis technique used was the inner model, outer model, and hypothesis testing using SmartPLS 3.2.9. The results obtained in this study showed that perceived usefulness had a significant effect on decisions to use mobile banking, perceived ease of use had no significant effect, and perceived credibility had a significant effect. In addition, this study has also shown that social factors did not succeed in mediating other variables in the decision to use mobile banking
A Modified Gated Recurrent Unit Approach for Epileptic Electroencephalography Classification
No full textEpilepsy is one of the most severe non-communicable brain disorders associated with sudden attacks. Electroencephalography (EEG), a non-invasive technique, records brain activities, and these recordings are routinely used for the clinical evaluation of epilepsy. EEG signal analysis for seizure identification relies on expert manual examination, which is labour-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to human error. To overcome these limitations, researchers have proposed machine learning and deep learning approaches. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) have shown significant results in automating seizure prediction, but due to complex gated mechanisms and the storage of excessive redundant information, these approaches face slow convergence and a low learning rate. The proposed modified GRU approach includes an improved update gate unit that adjusts the update gate based on the output of the reset gate. By decreasing the amount of superfluous data in the reset gate, convergence is speeded, which improves both learning efficiency and the accuracy of epilepsy seizure prediction. The performance of the proposed approach is verified on a publicly available epileptic EEG dataset collected from the University of California, Irvine machine learning repository (UCI) in terms of performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score when it comes to diagnosing epileptic seizures. The proposed modified GRU has obtained 98.84% accuracy, 96.9% precision, 97.1 recall, and 97% F1 score. The performance results are significant because they could enhance the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders, leading to better patient outcomes
Improving Visual Style Classification in Digital Games Using Intercoder Reliability Assessment
No full textThe digital gaming community appreciates visual style information in digital games as it facilitates information seeking. Nevertheless, learned scholars have discovered that the digital game visual style classification is inconsistent and easily modified, potentially limitingthe information and leading to inaccurate visual terminologies during information discovery. Therefore, this cross-sectional study wasperformed to assess multiple visual style classification terms and their definitions among Malaysian game developers using the closedcard sorting exercise. A total of seven professional game developers participated in an online survey that comprised thirty-five digital game case studies using a card sorting technique. They were asked to classify nineteen visual style classification terms, including psychedelic, text, illusionism, photorealism, televisualism, handicraft, caricature, celshaded, comic book (anime), watercolour, Lego, minimalism, pixel art, silhouette, bright, dark, maplike, colourful, and black and white. The Fleiss’ kappa intercoder reliability assessment was performed to measure the coders’ agreement on visual style classification, followed by the think-aloud protocol descriptive analysis to gather assessment insights into the visual style descriptions. The intercoder reliability test achieved a significantly moderate agreement based on the results. The professional game developers agreed on eighteen visual stylesand rejected the bright visual style classification due to its overlapping description with the colourful visual style. The definition of ten visual style classifications was improved from the existing Video Game Metadata Schema (VGMS) description, contributing to the digital game’s coherence and consistency. This improvement will enhance visual style classification information for machine-learning-based recommendation systems for digital game distribution platforms and digital archiving