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CREATING MEMORABLE TOURISM EXPERIENCES THROUGH SERVICESCAPE DESIGN: A PROPOSED MODEL FOR ZOO NEGARA MALAYSIA
No full textThis paper explores how different dimensions that form the overall servicescape of Zoo Negara Malaysia impact visitors’ memorable tourism experiences (MTE). The servicescape concept, which describes the overall physical environment within a service setting that can be controlled by the organization, is adopted for the study. In other words, it is suggested that physical cues such as animal conditions, zoo layout, design and facilities may be used by zoo operators to create memorable tourism experiences. Aspects of MTEconsist of knowledge, hedonism, meaningfulness, refreshment, local culture, novelty and involvement. A conceptual framework is proposed to investigate the relationship between zoo servicescapes and memorable tourism experience. It is expected that this study contributes towards existing academic research related to zoo tourism and provides insight into how zoo operators could design and manage their zoological facilities to increase visitor numbers
DEMOGRAPHIC, ECONOMIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DRIVERS OF WOMEN\u27S PARTICIPATION IN RURAL TOURISM IN DARJEELING DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL, INDIA
No full textRural tourism has gained global popularity, with varying characteristics across regions. This study explores the demographic, economic, and psychological factors influencing women\u27s participation in rural tourism in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. Despite its proximity to Sikkim, Darjeeling remains under-researched, particularly regarding women\u27s motivations. Data from 200 women, including 50 in the hospitality sector, were collected via a pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire to understand the push factors for their involvement. The analysis shows that middle-aged, married women with secondary or less education dominate the rural tourism workforce. Their primary motivations are economic need, improved educational opportunities for their children, and escaping socioeconomic challenges. Significant economic drivers include contributing to family businesses and achieving financial independence. Psychological factors, such as improving living conditions and securing future stability, also play a crucial role, though aspirations for leadership and decision-making are less prominent due to cultural norms. The findings highlight rural tourism\u27s critical role in providing employment and empowerment opportunities for women in Darjeeling. Enhancing participation and empowerment requires addressing economic and psychological needs, improving income levels, supporting leadership roles, and fostering greater family decision-making power. These efforts can strengthen women\u27s involvement in rural tourism, boosting their socioeconomic development and quality of life
TRACING THE HERITAGE AND CIVILIZATION OF AUSTRONESIAN SEAFARERS ACROSS WATERS, SEAS, AND OCEANS IN THE ARCHIPELAGO OF SOUTHEAST ASIA
No full textThe waters, seas and oceans have traditionally been a source of inspiration for the search for the truth. It also manages to negate the human worldview that associates it with various elements of myth and superstition. The waters, sea and oceans are also a place with the advantage of consolidating ties between countries, forming a united, mutual understanding and unity spirit and generating mutual wealth. It is an invaluable, irreplaceable and modified property. Historiography in Southeast Asia saw a close relationship between people named "humans‵‵ in the South China Sea, Sulu Sea, Sulawesi Sea, Flores Sea, Java Sea, Banda Sea and so on. History has shown how they have fought hard through various waves and storms in the seas and oceans simply to ensure that the next generation holds the souls of the sailors. It has made the region a centre of superior civilization as well as a model for the centers of other world civilizations. Therefore, this writing aims to reassess the history of the existence of the Austronesian seafarers from the perspective of the history in Southeast Asia themselves. The results of this study have opened the enactment of whether it is true that the origin of this Austronesian seafarer’s tribe originated in Taiwan as stated in the theory of migration and linguistics. In other words, the Austronesian seafarer today come from Southeast Asia itself and have migrated out to expand their civilizations in regions of Oceania such as Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia all the way to Taiwan up to Madagascar. There is no easy answer to this matter and need to study from various disciplines and space to find strong evidence of the Austronesian seafarers
Malay Named Entity Recognition System Using Machine Learning for Tourism in Malaysia
No full textAnalysing unstructured textual data has become increasingly common due to its rich informational value across various fields. Named Entity Recognition (NER) is crucial for identifying entities in open-domain text documents. Current NER techniques often rely on manually labelled documents, which are timeconsuming and prone to inaccuracies. While methods such as Spacy and Polyglot have been used, more research is needed on applying machine learning techniques to this problem. This work addressed this gap by developing a Malay language NER system using machine learning. The system used available Malay corpus resources to identify, learn, tag, and store entities from Malay texts. It was designed to handle structured and unstructured data, extracting names of people, places, organisations, and other entities. The Malay NER System using Machine Learning was developed as a web-based application. It employed advanced machine learning models, specifically BERT and ALXLNET, to process and analyse data. This study shows good agreement among the respondents regarding the usability, perception, and feedback on the specific pages, with the lowest mean score being 76.67%. Regarding system functionalities, there is room for refinement to ensure more accurate and reliable output. The system featured a web interface allowing users to input Malay text and receive recognised entities as output. Performance was assessed using standard evaluation metrics. This work advanced natural language processing capabilities in Malay by creating a user-friendly, efficient tool for NER in Malay.
Development Framework for Social Circle Relationship Learning Software for Children with Autism
No full textAutism, also called Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a complex condition that includes problems with communication and behaviour. Due to the increasing awareness among parents, these children are increasing every year. The safety of children is a crucial subject in family life both inside and outside the home. All parents want the best for their children, especially when they are away from the family. Recognising this situation, an application proposal was developed to expose their level of security when meeting the people around them. The social circle relationship was first introduced as an aid for students with special needs to categorise the people they meet. This study implemented the social circle relationship as an application for an early-stage prototype to be tested on selected respondents. Five autistic children, with their parents as instructors, modified the prototype to suit their child. The built-in framework was used as a guide and reference for developing the application that fits this concept of social circle relationship. The study employed a mixed method, mainly implying a quantitative methodology to analyse the collected data. The effectiveness of the proposed framework was validated using two experts’ judgments and learners’ feedback through interviews and experimental evaluation, respectively. The results indicated that the proposed framework effectively taught social boundaries and provided autistic children with satisfaction
BEHIND THE BARGAIN: SOME SELECTED LEGAL THEORIES IN CONTRACT LAW
No full textA contract is an enforceable promise between two or more parties, and when they agree to engage in the promise, they are consenting to create a contractual relationship. Therefore, there are legal theories in contract law that highlight contractual obligations from the drafting of the agreement until its execution. This article aims to provide an in-depth study of the laws governing contracts by exploring the legal theories and doctrines that govern contract law, particularly on understanding how these basic principles form contractual obligations and agreements. A doctrinal legal research is used to analyse the selected legal theories and doctrines, providing an understanding of each theory’s use in the context of contract law. This study reveals that these legal theories affect the formation, interpretation, and execution of an agreement. The analysis indicates that these theories have significant effects not only on the parties involved in the agreements, but also on society as a whole, by reinforcing the principles of fairness and autonomy in legal transactions. These findings have significant implications for understanding contract law, enabling individuals to better navigate and negotiate the complexities of legal agreements before the parties agree to execute the contract. It is hoped that this study will help strengthen the understanding of contract law
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS IN MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA: ENHANCING PROTECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND CULTURAL HERITAGE
No full textThis study delves into the crucial relationship between products and their geographical origins, aiming to enhance consumer trust and promote market differentiation, with a particular focus on Malaysia and Indonesia as case studies. The study investigates the current protective measures for Geographical Indications (GIs) in these countries, highlighting existing issues in their legislation. Additionally, it seeks to identify avenues for possible improving the legal frameworks by drawing on shared experiences. To thoroughly explore these aspects, an extensive literature review was conducted, analysing key international agreements, including the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) Agreement and the Paris Convention, alongside relevant national laws governing GIs. Employing a comparative legal analysis, the research assesses the effectiveness of existing legal frameworks, enforcement mechanisms, and the economic implications of GIs in both nations. The findings reveal that GIs significantly could enhance product value, boost market competitiveness, and promote rural development. However, the study also uncovers possible challenges, including issues in legal protections, ineffective enforcement, and the necessity for improved regulatory structures. Drawing from these insights, several key recommendations are proposed to strengthen GI legislation in Malaysia and Indonesia. These include enhancing enforcement mechanisms, establishing effective redress systems for GI infringements, and increasing awareness among producers and consumers regarding the significance and benefits of GIs. Ultimately, this research offers essential insights into how GIs can serve as instruments for economic growth and cultural preservation while addressing the legislative gaps that hinder their potential in Malaysia and Indonesia
WHAT MOTIVATES STUDENTS TO PURSUE ENTREPRENEURIAL ENDEAVOURS? THE PREDICTING ROLES OF ENTREPRENEURIAL PASSION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION
No full textEntrepreneurship plays a crucial role in the economy of any nation, including Indonesia. Recognizing the demographic advantage, the government has emphasized youth entrepreneurship. Therefore, this study aims to examine how entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurship education influence students’ entrepreneurial intentions. The study employed purposive sampling and collected data from 232 active students in Indonesia. Data analysis was performed using Partial Least Squares (Smart PLS). The results indicate that entrepreneurial passion directly impacts entrepreneurial intention, whereas the effect of entrepreneurship education is not significant. Additionally, the study confirms the role of entrepreneurship education in fostering entrepreneurial passion. Both entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurship education influence attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. However, only attitude and perceived behavioral control positively affect entrepreneurial intention, while subjective norms show no significant effect. Perceived behavioral control fully mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial passion, entrepreneurship education, and entrepreneurial intention, as indicated by the mediation analysis. Notably, attitude influences the relationship, while subjective norms do not. Policymakers can leverage on these findings to develop entrepreneurial curricula aimed at enhancing entrepreneurial intention among students
MICROCREDIT PROGRAMMES PUBLICATION TRENDS, ITS CONTRIBUTIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS: A BIBLIOMETRICS STUDY FROM 2000 TO 2021
No full textThis study aims to provide insight into the publication trends of microcredit programmes from 2000 to 2021. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of 1,241 scholarly works related to microcredit programmes as recorded in the Scopus database in September 2022. Specifically, this paper will analyse the evolution of microcredit programmes research by examining (a) document and source types, (b) year of publications and languages, (c) types of sources and subject area, (d) keyword analysis, (e) geographical distribution and citation analysis as well as (f) citation clustering analysis. The results of the bibliometric study provide important information on publications’ current and future trends in the field of microcredit programmes. Based on the data, the number of publications on microcredit programme research has fluctuated over 21 years since 2000. The results, also, present the United States as the largest contributor to microcredit programmes research, followed by India. Meanwhile, the Journal of World Development published the most publications related to research on microcredit programmes. The implications of this study indicate the evolving nature of microcredit programme research and the need for continuous exploration and analysis in this field. Understanding publication trends, identifying leading contributors, and to considering additional databases for research can contribute to the development of current and future studies on microcredit programmes
A GLOBAL COMPARISON OF CREDIT BUREAUS BASED ON DATA UTILIZATION IN CREDIT SCORING
No full textThe basic concept of credit scoring is to assess an individual`s payment ability as well as the specific individual`s credit default risk, hence determining an individual`s creditworthiness. Based on the credit score, financial institutions, insurance companies, telecommunication companies and other businesses decide whether consumers are eligible for a mortgage, credit card, auto loan, and other credit products. However, in many countries, potential tenants and insurance applicants also use credit scores extensively for screening. Accordingly, Credit Bureaus (CB) or Consumer Reporting Agencies (CRA) exert an essential gatekeeper function for important economic areas of consumers’ everyday life. However, when examining CBs globally, there are considerable differences in the use of data to calculate credit scores. Interestingly, the influence of CBs on credit rating receives little to no attention in academic research. This is particularly evident in the absence of a framework for classifying Credit Bureaus. Therefore, 24 traditional and non-traditional Credit Bureaus operating in 17 different countries are analyzed. First, the study identifies the different data types underlying credit reports and credit scores. Second, CBs are classified and clustered according to the type of information used for credit scoring. Furthermore, promising areas of research, in particular the ethical conflict between data protection and economic participation are highlighted