UTM Press Journal Management (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia)
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ELECTRICITY DEMAND FORECASTING IN MALAYSIA USING SEASONAL BOX-JENKINS MODEL
No full textThe development of a precise forecasting model for electricity demand is essential for optimizing the efficiency of planning within the power generation sector. The electricity demand data in Malaysia exhibits seasonal patterns, making it necessary to evaluate the forecasting capabilities of the Box-Jenkins model for predicting weekly peak electricity demand. The objective of this study is to assess how well the Box-Jenkins model performs in forecasting the weekly peak electricity demand. This study utilizes weekly electricity demand data, specifically the highest values recorded each week, measured in megawatts (MW), spanning from 2005 to 2016. The findings indicate that SARIMA (4,1,0)(0,1,0)52 is the best-suited choice for predicting electricity demand. This conclusion is supported by its notably low values of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) which stand at 623.3015, 488.5673, and 2.95%, respectively. The MAPE value of the suggested model, falling below the 5% threshold, suggests that the seasonal Box-Jenkins model performs quite effectively when it comes to predicting electricity demand in the context of Malaysian data. To summarize, the proposed seasonal Box-Jenkins model exhibits significant potential and delivers promising performance when forecasting electricity demand characterized by seasonal patterns.
GAMMA RADIATION SHIELDING POTENCY OF B2O3–TEO2–BAO-DY2O3 GLASS-CERAMIC
No full textIonizing radiation Teletherapy Ionizing radiation is used in medical imaging, radiation therapy and research, which requires high-performance shielding materials to be safe. Ionizing radiations are very dangerous to the health and this is dependent on the amount of dose and the duration of exposure. Considering this, it is important to develop shielding materials. In this work, a novel family of glass systems was synthesized (50-x)B 2 O 3 -25TeO 2 -25BaO-xDy 2 O 3 with 0 mol % x 1.25 mol %. Partially crystallized glass ceramic (GC) samples were obtained by undergoing a stepwise heating processing: annealing at 570 0 C and heating at 6201655 0 C for 2 hours forming glasses. XRD structural analysis proved crystallinity as well as multi-phased. High Dy 2 O 3 content also increased the G C density to 4.994 g / cm 3 and reduced molar volume to 24.8376 cm 3 / mol as well as led to a rise in elastic properties such as longitudinal velocity, shear velocity, longitudinal elastic modulus and shear elastic modulus as a reflection of the increased density and bond strength. The shielding effectiveness of gamma rays against sources of 137Cs and 60Co at 0.662, 1.173, and 1.333 MeV were tested by a NaI(Tl) detector. As concentration of Dy2O 3 increased, the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) increased in this order BBTDGC1.25 > BBTDGC1 > BBTDGC0.75 > BBTDGC0. The BBTDGC1.25 sample had the best MAC and worst half-value layer (HVL) tenth-value layer (TVL) and mean free path (MFP)
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE MOVING CAR METHOD FOR TRAFFIC DATA COLLECTION ON MULTILANE HIGHWAYS
No full textCollecting traffic flow data is essential for most traffic studies to analyze and evaluate the performance of systems that provide safe trips for people and goods on highways. There are several methods for collecting traffic data. The moving car method (MCM) calculates traffic volume, speed, and travel time simultaneously, while stationary methods, such as camera recordings or radars, observe these data separately. This research aims to use both data collection methods on six segments of urban multi-lane highways to determine the accuracy of the moving car method compared to traditional methods. Additionally, it seeks to model a relationship between these methods to facilitate data collection using MCM for more accurate results. The results indicate no significant difference between the two methods, as the T statistic is less than the critical T in the t-test results. The models show low values of RMSE for the relationships between observed volume, arithmetic and harmonic mean speed, and arithmetic and harmonic means of travel time obtained by stationary methods and these data calculated by MCM. These models can be used with MCM for the study area
PHOTOBIOMODULATION THERAPY REDUCES HYPOXIA-INDUCED LUNG INJURY IN SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS UNDER HYPOBARIC CONDITIONS
No full textHypoxia in hypobaric conditions refers to the reduced availability of oxygen due to decreased barometric pressure at high altitudes. As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases, leading to a lower partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and reduced oxygen saturation in blood and tissues. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has emerged as a potential adjunctive treatment for lung injury, offering non-invasive and promising benefits. PBMT has shown effectiveness in modulating inflammatory responses, reducing oxidative stress, promoting tissue repair, and improving respiratory function in conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia, and pulmonary oedema. In this study, thirty 8-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups: (i) normal control (Normal), no hypobaric exposure or treatment; (ii) negative control (Negative Control), hypobaric treatment without PBMT; (iii) one-week PBMT (PBMT1); (iv) two-week PBMT (PBMT2); (v) three-week PBMT (PBMT3); and (vi) four-week PBMT (PBMT4). Hypobaric exposure was performed weekly for 28 days at the Lakespra Facility (Indonesian Military Air Force, Jakarta, Indonesia) at an altitude of 25,000 feet for five minutes. PBMT was administered every two days with a stimulation energy dose of 0.4 Joule (2.037 J/cm²), totaling 8.15 J/cm² per day. The results indicated that PBMT significantly reduced a lung oedema index, lung injury severity, and expression of IL6, CD73, and adenosine, though it did not consistently reduce HIF-1 expression in lung tissue. In conclusion, PBMT effectively prevented lung injury induced by hypobaric hypoxia
CURING EFFECTS OF LIGNIN AND TERRAZYME AS STABILIZERS IN PROBLEMATIC SOIL
No full textA primary concern of lignin and terrazyme as soil stabilizers is the optimization of curing time, as there is considerable uncertainty in determining the ideal duration for different soil types and environmental conditions. There is limited understanding of the chemical interaction mechanisms between these stabilizers during the curing process, particularly when used in combination. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the number of curing days and the percentages of stabilizers. The laboratory tests, including compaction, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR), were done for untreated and treated soils. According to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), both laterite and kaolin are high-plasticity clays. The moisture-density relationship from compaction shows insignificant changes after adding the stabilizers for all soils. From the UCS test results, laterite with 5% of terrazyme (LT5%) showed the highest improvement with 926 kPa at day 21. The highest CBR values came from LT5% samples, at 19.13% under unsoaked conditions and 16.27% for soaked conditions. Curing has been demonstrated to strongly influence the properties and performance of chemically stabilized soils. As additional analysis, two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) with replication was employed to investigate potential interactions between the number of curing days and the percentages of stabilizers. The interaction effects between terrazyme and laterite with p-value of 3.78E-08, indicates that their combined proportion and curing duration may determine terrazyme\u27s effectiveness
PUNCHING SHEAR RESISTANCE OF STEEL FIBRE REINFORCED SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE ONE-WAY RIBBED SLAB
No full textIn the field of modern construction engineering, the steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) represents a significant advancement over conventional reinforcement methodologies, presenting a promising avenue for achieving economic and temporal efficiencies without sacrificing structural robustness. This study focuses on the use of SFRSCC in the context of one-way ribbed slabs, which are strategically chosen for optimal performance in scenarios requiring an appropriate compromise of architectural aesthetics and mechanical strength, particularly in structures with medium spans, strict height, and overall mass constraints. The study investigates the advantages of the inherent stiffness of ribbed slabs and the outstanding compaction capabilities of self-compacting concrete (SCC) using an in-depth method that involves material selection, mix design, sample preparation, and comprehensive testing. The empirical results of this work show a considerable increase in the load-bearing capacity and ductility of SFSCC slabs, which is an immediate consequence of the steel fibers\u27 characteristic high tensile strength and crack mitigation capabilities. This investigation highlights the improved structural performance and durability of SFRSCC in one-way ribbed slab applications and provides substantial evidence for its broader utilization in a variety of structural engineering projects, signalling a paradigm change in the direction of more sustainable and effective construction techniques
DESIGN OF AERODYNAMIC PARTS TO REDUCE DRAG COEFFICIENT OF A PASSENGER VAN
No full textAir resistance plays a significant role in vehicle energy consumption. Commercial passenger vans with 7 - 12 seats are widely used for public transportation across Thailand. Most passenger vans were designed in near-rectangular shapes to maximize cabin space, which is considered poor aerodynamic efficiency and results in high fuel consumption at cruising speed. This research focused on finding suitable aerodynamic parts to reduce air resistance on such vans. The most popular van model was used as a basis for the study. It has a drag coefficient of 0.36. Effects of various aerodynamic parts on the drag coefficient reduction were studied computationally at 90 kilometers per hour wind velocity using SolidWorks Flow Simulation software. The results showed that a rear roof spoiler is the most effective aerodynamic part. Upon optimizing the spoiler geometry, the drag coefficient is reduced to 0.32. This resulted in an 5.63% reduction in fuel consumption
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF GENERATIVE DESIGN APPLICATIONS IN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES
No full textThe continuous progress in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has spurred the exploration of novel design approaches to boost their effectiveness. Many drone configuration design methods have been used to enhance strength and reduce weight, such as topology optimization, high-modulus composite material, additive manufacturing, etc. One rapidly emerging technology with the potential to transform UAV design is generative design. This cutting-edge technology employs artificial intelligence to generate numerous design possibilities, assisting engineers in identifying optimal designs that align with precise requirements. Consequently, it has the potential to enhance UAV performance, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness significantly. This paper delves into various generative design approaches for drones, covering structural components, aerodynamics, energy efficiency, and payload distribution applications. Real-world case studies prove the benefits of integrating generative design into the UAV development process. These studies demonstrate the effectiveness of generative design and pave the way for significant advancements in UAV capabilities and applications, instilling confidence in its potential
ANALYSIS OF DETECTION SYSTEM FOR COVER TAPE OFFSET IN THE TAP AND REEL PROCESS USING NEURAL NET TIME SERIES METHOD
No full textThis technical report presents a comprehensive study on the detection of cover tape offset or misalignment during the tape and reel process, which is crucial for packaging electronic components into individual pockets of carrier tape. The research aims to develop an efficient system utilizing the Raspberry Pi Camera Module for detecting and analyzing cover tape misalignment. The methodology involves integrating the Raspberry Pi Camera Module with a microcontroller to capture and process images of the carrier tape, employing image processing techniques for misalignment detection. The resulting data is displayed in a user-friendly dashboard format using Node-RED. Additionally, the data is analyzed in MATLAB Neural Net Time Series for predictive analysis. The findings of this research, including the analysis of training results, demonstrate the successful implementation of a reliable cover tape misalignment detection system. Notably, the Bayesian Regularization (BR) training algorithm outperformed the Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) training algorithm for cover tape offset\u27s predictive analysis, exhibiting lower Mean Squared Error (MSE) with 0.0015874 for BR compared to 0.0017839 for SCG, consistently lower Mean Absolute Error (MAE) values, stronger linear correlations, and superior overall performance. It emphasizes its effectiveness for accurate predictions
FACTORS IDENTIFICATION FOR STRATEGIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE ROAD MAINTENANCE: A REVIEW
No full textRoad maintenance works need to be carried out regularly to maintain pavement conditions and ensure road user safety. However, road maintenance management is becoming more complex due to large numbers of ageing roads and limited funds for maintenance. Finance is among the crucial components of road maintenance operations. Ineffective financial management leads to the inefficient use of funds and delay of maintenance work. It has been demonstrated that strategic management practices have contributed to increasing the effectiveness of financial management due to the practices that centre on methods towards achieving maintenance goals. Therefore, this paper conducts a review to identify the financial management factors that will impact the effectiveness of road maintenance financial management. Data were sourced from electronic databases with specific searched keywords related to financial management. Factor searching focused on prevalent domains such as financial goals, financial planning, financial organizing, financial leading, and financial monitoring. A total of seventy-two (72) papers have undergone review, unveiling fifty-two (52) distinct factors. Financial goals contribute about seven (7) factors, financial planning to twenty-one (21) factors, financial organizing about seven (7) factors, financial leading to nine (9) factors, and financial monitoring to eight (8) factors. The review conducted in this paper sheds light on the multitude of factors influencing financial management effectiveness in road maintenance. Identifying key areas can develop targeted strategies to enhance financial efficiency and optimize maintenance efforts. The findings also underscore the necessity for continued research in this field to address the complexities of road maintenance and ensure the long-term sustainability of transportation infrastructure