USM Journal Management System (Univ. Sains Malaysia)
Not a member yet
2330 research outputs found
Sort by
The Greco-Arabic Translation Movement: A Historical and Intellectual Analysis
Get PDFThis paper analyzes the role of Greco-Arabic translations in modern science. It examines the Islamic Golden Age and the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, where Greek texts were translated into Arabic. The paper explores translation methodologies, including literal and paraphrastic approaches, and challenges such as linguistic barriers and text complexity. It highlights the Syriac language\u27s intermediary role and contributions from translators like Hunayn ibn Ishaq and Al-Kindi, detailing strategies to overcome semantic and syntactic differences. The translations significantly impacted various scientific fields: Galen and Hippocrates in medicine, Al-Khwarizmi in mathematics with Euclidean geometry and Ptolemaic astronomy, and new interpretations of Aristotle in philosophy. The natural sciences advanced by integrating Greek empirical methods with Arabic observational techniques. It traces the transmission of knowledge to Europe via Spain and Sicily during the Reconquista and Norman Conquest. It shows how these texts influenced the European Renaissance by reintroducing classical knowledge and sparking intellectual curiosity. It emphasizes the legacy of Greco-Arabic scholarship on the modern scientific method, illustrating the importance of intercultural exchange in advancing knowledge and fostering a more interconnected world. Through research, the paper highlights the impact of cross-cultural interactions on human civilization
Sekilas Sejarah Kapal Karam di Pulau Labuan, 1895-1983
Get PDFKajian ini membincangkan sejarah peristiwa nahas kapal yang melibatkan tragedi kekaraman kapal-kapal yang berlaku di sekitar Perairan Wilayah Maritim Malaysia, Perairan EEZ Malaysia dan perairan Laut China Selatan (dangerous ground) di kepulauan Spratly dari perspektif sejarah maritim Pulau Labuan semasa zaman kolonial British antara tahun 1846 hingga pentadbiran pulau ini di bawah kerajaan Negeri Sabah pada akhir tahun 1983. Pada tempoh 137 tahun tragedi kekaraman telah berlaku menunjukkan signifikan bersejarah kepada sejarah maritim pulau ini. Metodologi kajian menggunakan pendekatan penelitian sumber arkib dan pengkalan data atas talian yang memberikan data primer berkaitan rekod nautikal, laporan admiralty dan berita tragedi. Dapatan kajian mendapati Labuan telah berperanan sebagai harbour refuge kepada kapal-kapal pelbagai negara yang mengalami nahas kapal di kawasan dangerous ground semasa ianya dibawah pentadbiran British. Manakala hasil analisis ke atas lapan kapal yang mengalami insiden kekaraman di kawasan Perairan Labuan dan Perairan Luar (Perairan Wilayah Maritim Malaysia dan Perairan Zon Eksklusif Ekonomi Malaysia) adalah disebabkan oleh faktor semulajadi dan manusia yang saling berkait dengan frekuensi kekerapan berlaku sebelum tahun 1945. Hasil kajian ini akan turut menyumbang kepada pengurusan sumber kapal karam pulau ini.
Kata kunci: Kapal karam, sejarah maritim, Pulau Labuan, Laut China Selata
Unveiling the Philosophical Essence of China\u27s Century-Long Legal History Through the Lens of Traditional Historical Allusions, 1927-2020
Get PDFThe historical philosophy of the rule of law in China encapsulates the intellectual heritage and practical experience of a century of legal evolution, rooted in the broader context of Chinese governance and state-building. This framework preserves the innovative legal thought of the New Democratic Revolution while integrating the legacies of socialist revolution and national modernization. Over time, it has dynamically evolved to support the construction of a legal system adapted to the demands of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Grounded in this legal philosophy, China has systematically advanced its socialist legal system, contributing to the theoretical foundation that underpins national governance and the broader goal of the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.This study provides an in-depth examination of the integration and reinterpretation of legal allusions from 1931 to 2020, tracing their impact on the trajectory of China\u27s legal development. By exploring these historical references, the research highlights the enduring spirit of legal innovation and the key achievements in China’s rule of law construction. It further assesses the significance of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in deepening legal reform and strengthening national governance. This analysis offers a comprehensive evaluation of both theoretical advancements and practical milestones in China’s legal evolution, emphasizing their long-term importance for the country\u27s governance and its future trajectory.
Keywords: Chinese Tradition; Historical Allusion; Historical Philosophy; History of the Rule of Law; Rule of La
Operasi Sook Ching dan Kekejaman Tentera Jepun terhadap Masyarakat Cina di Johor pada Zaman Pendudukan Jepun
Get PDFSook Ching, yang bermaksud "pembersihan" dalam bahasa Cina, adalah satu operasi yang dilaksanakan untuk menghapuskan elemen-elemen yang dianggap anti-Jepun dalam kalangan masyarakat Cina di Tanah Melayu semasa pendudukan Jepun. Operasi ini memperlihatkan pelbagai bentuk kekejaman, termasuk pembunuhan beramai-ramai, penyeksaan dan keganasan yang dilakukan oleh tentera Jepun terhadap masyarakat Cina. Singapura yang merupakan tempat bermulanya Operasi Sook Ching telah menjadi tumpuan para pengkaji yang mengkaji peristiwa tersebut. Walau bagaimanapun, pelibatan masyarakat Cina di Johor dalam gerakan anti-Jepun menyebabkan mereka turut menjadi sasaran dalam Operasi Sook Ching. Kajian ini memberi fokus kepada faktor-faktor yang mendorong pelaksanaan Sook Ching, seperti penentangan masyarakat Cina terhadap Jepun melalui gerakan nasionalisme yang kuat, sokongan kepada China dalam menentang Jepun dan tindak balas Jepun terhadap aktiviti anti-Jepun di Johor. Selain itu, kajian ini turut meneliti peringatan dan penyiasatan pasca perang terhadap kekejaman Sook Ching di Johor, termasuk usaha-usaha menuntut keadilan bagi mangsa yang terkorban. Kajian ini dilakukan melalui penelitian ke atas pelbagai sumber primer dalam bahasa Cina yang telah diterbitkan, akhbar bahasa Cina dan sumber sekunder yang lain. Penggunaan sumber bahasa Cina yang jarang digunakan dalam kajian lalu dapat memberikan perspektif yang lebih mendalam dan menyeluruh terhadap pengalaman masyarakat Cina di Johor.
Kata kunci: Sook Ching, pendudukan Jepun, kekejaman perang, masyarakat Cina, Joho
Decolonisation of the Malay World: A Museum Revisit
Get PDFMost museums in Malaysia especially the Muzium Negara (National Museum) have been under the jurisdiction of different ministries, from the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports to the Ministry of Local Government and Environment, then later to the Ministry of Culture, Arts and Tourism with recent move to the Ministry of National Unity. However, the museums have never been under the Ministry of Education and not seen as academic institutions, but rather as tourist sites. Studies on Malaysian museums revolve around the management and promotional strategies under the tourism lens while the critical studies on the narrative of the Malay world history from the pre-colonial period to the colonial period and the fight for freedom have been minimal. The main objective of this exhibition text analysis and the critical curatorial observation is to explore the narrative in the Muzium Negara in terms of the fight against the colonisers to gain independence and the representation of the Islamic-Malay civilisation history throughout the museum. The analysis revealed that the narrative in Muzium Negara is a colonial narrative of a nation state and provide a very minimal narrative of the fight against colonialism. There is also a lack of representation of the Islamic-Malay civilisation despite having many Malay Muslim sultanates in the Federation of Malaysia to reflect aspects of the Islamic-Malay civilisation. The findings suggest that the national museums such as Muzium Negara should include a civilizational approach in the representation of Malaysia as a form of decolonisation.
Keywords: museum, decolonisation, Malay-Islamic civilisation, representatio
Konsep Muzium Dalam Perspektif Barat dan Isu Kearifan Tempatan Melayu-Islam: Satu Sorotan Awal
Get PDFIlmu dan konsep muzium telah berkembang dalam dunia barat khususnya dalam era modenisme. Malah, konsep muzium pada masa kini termasuk di Malaysia banyak dipengaruhi oleh worldview Barat. Barat telah menjadikan muzium sebagai pusat kebudayaan dan pelancongan. Perkara ini juga mula mempengaruhi negara-negara lain termasuk Malaysia. Hal ini berlaku apabila negara yang telah dijajah oleh Barat telah dipengaruhi oleh ilmu kolonialisasi. Di Malaysia, meskipun ilmu dan konsep muzium yang bersifat saintifik dilihat bersesuaian dengan konsep muzium masa kini, masalah yang timbul adalah apabila asas ilmu muzium barat ini bersifat positivisme dan sekularisme yang bercanggah dengan ilmu Islam. Perkara ini menyebabkan timbulnya kesedaran bagi mewujudkan ilmu muzium dari sudut kearifan tempatan. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini menggunakan konsep dekolonisasi iaitu konsep yang merupakan respons terhadap kolonialisasi. Kajian ini juga ingin memfokuskan terhadap konsep muzium dari sudut kearifan tempatan Melayu Islam yang sesuai diaplikasikan dalam konsep dan ilmu muzium di Malaysia. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa Islam bukanlah sebagai agama yang anti-muzium seperti didakwa oleh Barat malah Islam amat menitikberatkan pengumpulan bahan artifak, malah hal ini diamalkan sejak sebelum era penjajahan lagi. Perbezaannya adalah apabila Islam tidak mengunakan konsep museologi yang diperkenalkan Barat. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini menolak teori bahawa Islam ialah agama yang bersifat anti-muzium dan Islam sebagai agama yang tidak mesra muzium.
Kata kunci: Muzium, kolonialisasi, dekolonialisasi, kearifan tempatan, Melayu-Isla
Asal Usul Masyarakat Bajau di Pantai Barat Borneo Utara: Satu Kajian Literatur
Get PDFKajian ini meneliti asal-usul masyarakat Bajau di pantai barat Borneo Utara menerusi pendekatan kajian literatur yang berfokus kepada aspek sejarah dan migrasi. Analisis terhadap sumber sejarah serta pandangan sarjana digunakan bagi mengenal pasti faktor utama yang mendorong penghijrahan dan penempatan masyarakat ini. Penemuan menunjukkan bahawa migrasi masyarakat Bajau dengan struktur pemerintahan di Borneo Utara, khususnya dari sudut interaksi politik dan sosio-budaya. Keseluruhannya dapatan ini diharap dapat menyumbang kepada pengukuhan pemahaman tentang sejarah, mobiliti dan identiti masyarakat Bajau dalam landskap sejarah Borneo Utara.
Kata kunci: Bajau, sejarah, migrasi, literatur, Borneo Utar
Positive Framing in Children’s Pandemic Narratives: A Case Study of the Cerita Ceritaku Ceritamu Corona Edition Book
Get PDFThe children’s book Cerita Ceritaku Ceritamu Corona Edition (C3EC) is the first book in Indonesia to narrate the children’s experiences in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The book was written by 23 Indonesian children from Banda Aceh to Papua, with each story visualised by some of the children’s book illustrators. A difference is evident in perspective between the writers in the textual narrative and the illustrators in the visual narrative. The textual narrative in the story frequently depicted conflicts, with 56% focusing on challenges related to online learning and limited playtime. The majority climax phase of the textual narrative expresses the negative mood, characterised by struggle, sadness, and hopelessness. In contrast, the illustrators predominantly visualised the resolution phase, with 51% of characters portrayed as happy and 8% as sad. This study aims to uncover why illustrators chose favourable conditions during the pandemic and focused on the resolution phase when determining visual narrative scenes. This research used a mixed method. Data were collected through literature review, observation, interviews, and questionnaires. These findings describe the selection of the illustrator’s favourable conditions, the selection of the resolution phase, and the creative process behind the C3EC book story. This study’s impact shows that illustrators felt a responsibility to inspire resilience in readers, thereby transcending the author’s perspectives
The Simulation of Museum Interior Experiences Through 3D Visualization: The Comparison Study on Visitor Perception
No full textEnhancing the appreciation of museums among the younger generation is crucial for preserving cultural heritage, fostering education, and inspiring creativity. The interior experience at the Majapahit Information Center Museum in Trowulan, Indonesia, plays a vital role in creating a welcoming and engaging atmosphere. This study aims to analyze the relationship between young visitors\u27 perceptions and their experiences in museum interiors, with a focus on comparisons between contemporary and traditional environments that emphasize local values. By attracting and involving younger visitors, museums can convey knowledge and promote cultural heritage, thereby supporting efforts to preserve cultural heritage. The study utilized a quantitative approach through an experimental survey involving 75 respondents who evaluated 3D visualizations of two simulated museum settings: one contemporary and one traditional. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze factors contributing to satisfaction with the space, including orientation and navigation, spaciousness and display density, design and display style, lighting, and color. Findings indicate that museum interiors with contemporary interior styles have a significant influence on the cognitive responses, particularly in terms of design style and appearance. Conversely, traditional interior styles significantly impact cognitive responses related to lighting factors, as well as the spaciousness and density of display. These insights offer valuable implications for designing museum environments that resonate with younger audiences and can guide future research in this area
GIS-Based Landslide Hazard Zonation for Disaster Resilience: Case Study of Samosir Regency, North Sumatra
Get PDFSamosir Island, located in the center of the Toba Caldera, is characterized by steep slopes and high rainfall, making it highly vulnerable to landslides. This study employs a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based spatial approach to develop a comprehensive landslide susceptibility map of the island. Four conditioning factors—slope gradient, rainfall, land cover, and soil type were classified and weighted according to their influence on slope stability, then integrated through a weighted overlay method. The distinctive contribution of this research lies in its island-specific, multi-parameter GIS analysis for Samosir, a region of global geological significance but with limited prior landslide risk assessment. By providing a scientific basis for hazard evaluation, the study supports not only local disaster risk reduction and land-use planning but also advances broader methodological practices for volcanic and high-rainfall terrains. The results categorize susceptibility into three classes: low, medium, and high. Low-susceptibility areas correspond to flat terrain, dense vegetation, and stable soils; medium-susceptibility zones are found in transitional lowland–hill areas; while high-susceptibility zones are concentrated on steep slopes with sparse or built-up land cover, loose soils, and intense rainfal