USM Journal Management System (Univ. Sains Malaysia)
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Assessment of ESL Student-Student Interactions: Vygotsky’s Approach
Get PDFLanguage is defined as a means of communication between one person and another for different purposes. Learning it enables individuals to communicate easily with different societies. In addition, it gives a chance to understand their cultures, localities, states, and countries. It also serves as an instrument to share knowledge and experiences. English language becomes the global language in terms of education, technology, science, politics, etc. Report shows that more than half of today’s publications are in English. Hence, this study focuses on the Study of Student-Student Interactions in the English Language Classroom. It selects public senior secondary schools III in Katsina Metropolis. The importance of this study is to investigate whether the level of student-student interactions is enough to facilitate learning. The study reviews different literatures such as collaborative dialogue, peer feedback, question-asking, and the role of a teacher as guide. The study uses social learning theory proposed by Vygostsky (1962). It suggests that learning occurs via interactions students have with their peers, teachers, and other individuals. In that, the learning becomes easier. Also, the teacher stands as a guide to create a good atmosphere for interactions. The instruments for data collection are questionnaires, a target language observation scheme (TALOS) to get information from students, and audio recorded lessons in the schools. Katsina Metropolis has twelve schools, out of which six were selected for the study. The selection is based on the availability of data researchers take into consideration in the schools. Six English language teachers and 132 students are the sample of the study. All six teachers were issued with the questionnaire while 132 students were observed, and the lessons were recorded at different times using the afore-mentioned instruments. For easy comprehension and analysis, the researchers use simple frequency counts and percentages for the analysis of the data collected. The study reveals that student- student interactions in all the schools are very negligible as the students do not utilize them. Hence, it becomes insufficient to facilitate English language learning. It results in having poor results in the future of students, so they cannot further their education. To remedy this problem, schools should enforce the use of English language for every interaction among the students themselves and between the students and the teachers
Exploring Work Stress Factors and Family Well-Being: A Civilizational Perspective
Get PDFWork stress has become a significant issue in dynamic organisations in recent years. According to a literature review examining both civilisation and empirical previous studies, the impact of work stress on family well-being appears inconsistent. This study offers a review and content analysis of qualitative work stress research and promotes terminological clarity in research and practice. The proposed factors serve as a guide and foundation for future research aligning with the conceptual definitions. Consequently, the findings from this review help ensure consistent terminology in work stress research. Previous studies highlight that work stress is characterised by three main dimensions: role ambiguity, role conflict, and role overload. Recent research indicates that employees who effectively manage role ambiguity, role conflict, and role overload can enhance their families’ well-being. Despite the intriguing nature, the significant impact of work stress is often underemphasised in both previous empirical and civilisation-based literature. Therefore, this study comprehensively reviews perspectives, literature, theory, discussion, and conclusions
Reaksi Malaysia dan Thailand Terhadap Krisis Pelarian Indochina, 1975-1990
Get PDFKejatuhan Saigon, Phnom Penh, dan Vientiane ke tangan Komunis pada tahun 1975, telah menyaksikan berlakunya krisis kemasukan beramai-ramai pelarian Indochina ke negara-negara Asia Tenggara. Keadaan ini semakin buruk dengan pencerobohan tentera Vietnam ke Kemboja pada tahun 1978. Konflik Kemboja yang berterusan ini menyebabkan berlakunya peningkatan pelarian Indochina yang mendadak sehingga menjadikan negara-negara seperti Thailand dan Malaysia sebagai negara tertinggi menerima pelarian Indochina. Kedatangan pelarian Indochina ini menyebabkan Malaysia dan Thailand berhadapan dengan cabaran yang besar dalam menguruskan hal ehwal pelarian Indochina. Makalah ini mempunyai dua objektif utama iaitu; mengkaji apakah bentuk cabaran yang dihadapi oleh Malaysia dan Thailand ketika krisis pelarian Indochina ini berlaku dan yang kedua, menilai pendekatan yang diambil oleh kedua-dua negara ini dalam mengendalikan krisis ini. Dalam mencapai kedua-dua objektif ini, kaedah kualitatif digunakan dengan cara menganalisis sumber primer seperti dokumen arkib dan laporan akhbar dalam menghasilkan perbincangan yang lebih objektif. Bahan sekunder yang berautoritatif seperti tesis, buku, dan artikel jurnal turut digunakan bagi melengkapkan kajian ini. Hasil kajian ini mendapati bahawa terdapat persamaan cabaran yang dihadapi oleh Malaysia dan Thailand ketika krisis ini berlaku. Namun, terdapat sedikit perbezaan dalam pendekatan yang diambil oleh kedua-dua negara ini. Malaysia dilihat mengutamakan pelarian orang Islam Cham Kemboja dengan memberikan penempatan kekal kepada mereka. Sebaliknya, pelarian bot Vietnam tetap dipindahkan ke negara ketiga walaupun mereka diberikan bantuan pada peringkat awal. Hal ini berbeza dengan Thailand yang membantu semua lapisan bangsa pelarian Indochina dan membenarkan penempatan kekal melalui kaedah tertentu. Makalah ini menyimpulkan bahawa walaupun Malaysia dan Thailand menghadapi cabaran yang sama tetapi reaksi antara kedua-dua negara agak berbeza kerana perbezaan dasar dan kepentingan negara yang tersendiri.
Kata kunci: Krisis Pelarian Indochina, Konflik Kemboja, Malaysia, Thailan
Corporate Social Responsibility and Earnings Management: Evidence from Vietnam
Get PDFManagers might use corporate social responsibility (CSR) to conceal their misbehaviours. One of these is the implementation of earnings management (EM), which could have serious effects vis-à-vis information disclosed to stakeholders. This study examined the relationship between CSR and EM in Vietnam using the Kinder, Lydenberg, Domini (KLD) scale on five aspects: community, diversity, employees, environment, and products. The results show that in the economic context of Vietnam, for the enterprises in the consumer goods and consumer services industries, those firms with higher CSR scores are more likely to engage in EM. This finding provides additional evidence on the relation between CSR and EM and contributes to streams of studies on earnings and CSR
Shareholders’ Monitoring and Online Disclosures of Minutes of Shareholders’ Meeting
Get PDFMaking detailed annual general meeting (AGM) minutes available online allows absentee investors to understand the discussion that took place during the AGM, and other interested parties to gauge the intensity of investor activism and stakeholder engagement from the questions posed. This paper investigated the effects of shareholders’ monitoring through the Minority Shareholders Watch Group (MSWG), the Employees Provident Fund (EPF), and other government-linked institutions on corporate communication via minutes of shareholders’ meeting. This study also incorporated firm size, audit quality, profitability, and grey directors as control variables. Based on a sample of 261 listed firms with financial year ended 31 December 2016 who held their AGMs in 2017, the findings showed that shareholders’ monitoring through the MSWG, EPF, and other government- linked institutions were significant and positively associated with corporate transparency. This implies that minority and institutional shareholders’ activism can be the advocate in pushing for dissemination of online corporate disclosure to enhance the information environment, in align with agency theory
The Mediating Effect of Innovation on the Relationship Between Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries
Get PDFPrior studies have shown that innovation has a mediating effect on the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance. This study compares this mediating effect in developed and developing countries using agency theory and signaling theory. A panel sample of 2,688 firms in developing and developed countries is analysed for the period of 2002–2017. The empirical findings demonstrate that corporate innovation fully mediates the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance in developed countries. However, innovation partially mediates the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance in developing countries. This could be because of different socioeconomic factors and capabilities of innovators involved in corporate governance structure. The study has both theoretical and policy implications and provides insights for policy makers for identifying the influence of innovation on firm value and evaluating the importance of corporate governance.
Trust in Philanthropy: An Examination of Multidisciplinary Factors
Get PDFThis article explores and consolidates the factors that influence the donor’s trust from cross-disciplinary literature, and we put factors from these different fields to the test in one topic: the donor’s trust in the fundraiser organisation. Grounded on the literature, we can say that there are nine themes of constructs that influence trust. This research utilised a quantitative survey approach and PLS-SEM as an analysis platform to analyse the data collected. We have discovered that our respondents who represent donors strongly agree that their trust is heavily influenced by perceived security, rule of law, organisational personnel personality, communication effectiveness, reputation, perceived integrity, and perceived competence. Cross-disciplinary studies are profoundly helpful towards deeper knowledge and enhance the learning experience and enable the transfer of ideas across many areas of study easier. The findings should contribute to the theoretical knowledge specifically on trust antecedent in the philanthropy setting and other disciplines. The findings presented in this paper may also be useful as input for fundraisers to build and strengthen the level of their donor’s trust. This article explores and consolidates all factors that influence donor trust, which has been published in the literature and presents the results from the cross-examination of these factors
Asymmetric Effects of Investor Sentiment on Malaysian Sectoral Stocks: A Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach
Get PDFExtant literature fails to conclusively shed light on the asymmetric effects of market sentiment during bulls and bears, especially for small open markets like Malaysia. This study constructs a sentiment index for Malaysia using Principal Component Analysis. A nonlinear ARDL model is applied to capture and distinguish the optimistic and pessimistic sentiments to justify sectoral stock price movements. Our threefold findings reveal the significant explanatory power of sentiment on sectoral stock prices for both market phases, validated by bound test statistics and error correction terms. Furthermore, the study uncovers long-run asymmetric effects in most sectors (excluding technology) and emphasises their insignificance in the short run, attributable to limited and regulated short selling. Dynamic multiplier graphs underscore the temporal nature of sentiment effects, peaking in the 3rd to 7th months for most stocks, with technology stocks exhibiting an overreaction to negative sentiments. Notably, most stocks respond to positive adjustments, indicating that investors are not driven by loss aversion stemming from diverse market news. These insights are vital for individual traders, fund managers, and regulatory bodies involved in risk assessment and hedging strategy formulation. The study contributes to non-conventional equity analyses, offering valuable perspectives for navigating the complexities of small open markets
The Driving Relationship of China Carbon Price Based on Different Market Volatility States
Get PDFThe China carbon market is a market-oriented designation for addressing climate issues. Price mechanism is the core of carbon market, studying on the price formation can promote the emission reduction targets. This paper conducts an autoregressive adjusted Markov model to divide the carbon price state, and designs a multiple regression model to test the driving mechanism. The results show the 2 order autoregressive Markov model of MS (2) - AR (2) model can classify the carbon price into high and low volatility states. Furthermore, in high volatility state, carbon price is only significantly positively correlated with macroeconomic factors of China Securities Index 300 (CSI300) and European carbon price of European emission allowance future contract (EUAF), while in low volatility state, carbon price is significantly positively influenced by energy market products JM future (JMF) and Oil, macroeconomic factor of CSI300, and European carbon price of EUAF. Furthermore, the impact strength is weaker than the whole sample regression results. The results provide reference for investors to judge carbon price and reveal price trends
Thermal Relationship in Tropical Anurans from Two Contrasting Habitats Along an Elevation Gradient in Colombia
Get PDFAnurans are ectothermic organisms highly susceptible to variations in the environmental temperature that changes with elevation and between habitats in tropical mountains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of body temperature (BT) of nocturnal anurans from two contrasting habitats (open and forest habitats) along an elevation gradient in Colombia. We measured the environmental temperatures (substrate and air) and BT of 135 adult frogs of 11 species from open and forest habitats at three elevational zones of an Andean Mountain. The BT had a positive and significant relationship with environmental temperatures and showed a higher thermal dependence for substrate than air temperature, which suggests that anurans are thermoconformers and potentially tigmotherms. Additionally, BT of anurans from both habitats decreased with the elevation, but species from open habitats had a higher BT than forest species. Therefore, the impact of environmental temperatures on anurans that live at a similar altitude level is not the same, as the type of habitat has a strong influence on their BT. This information is important to a better understanding of anuran thermal biology, refine conservation strategies, and to improve the predictive power of environmental data in forecasting the effects of climate change on small ectotherms such as amphibians