USM Journal Management System (Univ. Sains Malaysia)
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A CDA Approach to the Representation of Cultures and Ideologies through Translated Political Texts: A Case Study of "All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror" by S. Kinzer
Get PDFTranslation, as a social and linguistic phenomenon, had been investigated from various viewpoints by scholarswith different backgrounds. This paper aims at investigating the ideological impacts of the process of translationand its consequences on the representation of ideologies and cultures. In pursuing this goal, Critical DiscourseAnalysis (CDA) was found to be an accommodating tool. The theoretical structure of this research is based uponFairclough\u27s (1989, 1995) & Farahzad’s (2007) framework. The corpus used for analysis in this research is abook and its corresponding Persian translation. The case study of this research is All the Shah\u27s Men: AnAmerican Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror by Stephen Kinzer (2003) translated by Shahryar Khavvajian.Examining the text and its translation from the perspectives of macro level & micro level illuminated the fact thatthe translator employed different devices to change the ideological positioning of the source texts and deviate thereaders from the route they might have taken through reading the ST toward the one they presumed it was moreideologically efficient regarding the community the book was translated for. In other words, the power andideologies have clearly influenced the translation, comparing the source text with the target one which iscompletely diverged as the situation, policies and preferred politics asked for. Translated texts appeared in acontext different from that of the source texts. A text is produced in the context of "Self" and is translated in thesetting of "Other" or at least for "Other
Challenges in Subtitling Medical Documentary Series from English into Arabic: A Case Study the Pandemic: How to Prevent an Outbreak
Get PDFThe present paper is designed to shed light on the challenges of English-Arabic subtitling of a medical documentary series, the Pandemic: How to Prevent an Outbreak, broadcasted by Netflix in 2020. A descriptive quantitative paradigm was the method of the study, where the Arabic subtitling of the series was evaluated based on the scale of adequacy. The study also recognises the interdisciplinary knowledge that the translator (subtitler) should be equipped with to deal with the wide range of scientific terms in this series in order to achieve the desired goal. The study reveals several challenges; linguistically, grammatically, and culturally. The study also emphasises that ‘subtitlers’ should be perceptive to translation strategies in order to cope with these challenges. In conclusion, the findings suggest seminal solutions from different perspectives. One is to develop specialised training programmes by concerned institutions. The other, from technical perspective, suggests that technical terms without equivalents in Arabic should be put and illustrated for the viewer at the beginning in a split screen
Gender Issues of Language in Translation: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFThe exploration of gender issues in the field of translation encompasses a complex array of linguistic, cultural, and socio-political dimensions. Since the 1990s, there has been a growing emphasis on gender-related concerns within translation studies. However, a comprehensive review of the literature on current trends and research challenges in this area remains lacking. To bridge this gap, the current study employs the PRISMA framework to conduct a systematic literature review, drawing on databases such as Google Scholar and Scopus for data retrieval. This review focuses on a variety of topics, including seminal works, the most cited articles, the primary interests of feminist theorists, key research objectives, and findings. Utilizing a qualitative review methodology, this study aims to provide insights into the predominant themes explored to date and identify future research directions, particularly concerning feminist theories and language. A content analysis of 15 selected papers from peer-reviewed international journals published between 2002 and 2022 was conducted. These papers were chosen based on their relevance to the research question, the representativeness of the topic, and their scholarly quality. The findings highlight a significant increase in the depiction of gender in literary translation over the past five years, especially regarding the translation of gender stereotypes. This research presents a systematic overview of the field, offering conclusions on trends, results, methodological approaches, and challenges faced. Key findings include an increased focus on the study of internal language processing, the observation of inconsistent effects, and the identification of a notable disparity in the reliability of translations between individuals who identify as male and female
Educational Challenges in Underdeveloped Regions of China: A Microscopic Analysis of Current EFL Writing Pedagogies in a Chinese Normal College
Get PDFThis research is aimed at exploring unsustainable development in education in China’s underdeveloped regions from the micro perspective of the current state of EFL writing pedagogies in a Normal College in North-eastern China (namely Manchuria). It studies the current state of the teaching of EFL writing from the methodological, practice, and achievement aspects (students’ test performance). This paper also examined the existence of educational unsustainable development in this representative university in Manchuria from the micro perspective of the teaching of EFL writing. To fulfil the research objectives, quantitative analysis approaches were employed through an eight-question questionnaire. A total of 626 valid responses were collected with a response rate of 95.28%. Results indicated that unsustainable development in education does exists in this university in terms of EFL writing pedagogies covering both theoretical and practical aspects. The below-average teacher competence in this underdeveloped area and the educational inequality in terms of human resources were among the responses collected. The educational inequity and inequality in terms of educational environment and educational climate were also pointed out. Minimal and insignificant achievement of teaching was also evidenced in students’ low performance in CET4 Writing and Translation. Recommendations for further research were given
Word Length and Proficiency Level Effect on English Lexical Stress Production by Arab EFL Learners
Get PDFEnglish lexical stress is a crucial feature in controlling English speech comprehension. However, EFL learners frequently experience difficulties attaining the correct placement of the primary stress in English pronunciation. Literature has consistently shown that Arab EFL learners encounter these difficulties due to the tendency to place primary stress based on Arabic stress rules. However, some scholars indicated that the interference of word length and language proficiency in producing English stress patterns affects pronunciation. Yet, no reliable evidence examines the effect of word length and proficiency. The current study aimed to determine how word length and proficiency level affect the production of English lexical stress. Data was collected by recording each participant individually to examine the production of 84 words that vary in length for disyllabic and trisyllabic words. Three samples, including English native American speakers and intermediate and advanced EFL undergraduates, participated in the study. PRAAT software was used to measure the differences between the stressed and the unstressed syllables using phonetic cues ratio, namely, vowel duration, intensity, and fundamental frequency (F0). The results of the study revealed that Yemeni EFL students performed better when determining the stressed syllables in disyllabic words compared to the trisyllabic ones. Results also indicated that for the advanced level output, the lexical stress phonetic cues became much more similar to those of an American speaker than the intermediate level. This study is theoretically and pedagogically significant to enhance the teachers’ and learners’ understanding of the pronunciation difficulties of the English lexical stress among Arab EFL learners
Speaking English in job interviews increases employability opportunities: Malaysian employer\u27s perspectives
Get PDFThe ability to speak English proficiently has become increasingly important in the job market, especially in a diverse country like Malaysia. This brief aims to explore the significance of speaking English during job interviews in Malaysia, focusing on its impact on employability and career opportunities. The objective of this study is to examine how speaking English during job interviews affects employability in Malaysia. It attempts to identify company expectations and ascertain how well-rounded English language abilities affect employment possibilities. A mixed-methods strategy will be used to achieve this goal. A literature study will be done first to acquire information from previously conducted research on the topic. Furthermore, a series of online surveys will be conducted with Malaysian companies to get their perspectives on the significance of English language skills in the context of job interviews. The data collected will be analysed to identify common themes and patterns. The findings of this research are expected to highlight the importance of English-speaking skills in Malaysian job interviews. Employers are expected to place significant value on candidates who can communicate fluently in English, as it is seen as a crucial skill for effective collaboration, customer service, and international business interactions. The study may also reveal specific industries or job roles where English proficiency is particularly desirable. In conclusion, the ability to speak English proficiently during job interviews positively impacts employability in Malaysia. Employers often prioritise candidates who can communicate effectively in English, enhancing their chances of success in diverse work environments and global business interactions. By recognising the importance of English-speaking skills and investing in language proficiency, job seekers can enhance their employability and open doors to a wider range of career opportunities in Malaysia
Sejarah Pembangunan Muzium di Malaysia Berdasarkan Aktiviti Arkeologi Serta Peranannya Pada Masa Kini
Get PDFLatar belakang pembangunan muzium yang berlangsung di Eropah bermula dengan kewujudan konsep atau amalan seperti ‘The Cabinet of Curiosity’ menjadi asas kepada kewujudan muzium moden. Muzium arkeologi pula mula berkembang pada kurun ke-19 dan berperanan sebagai institusi untuk mengumpulkan dan mendokumentasikan objek berdasarkan zaman dan budaya. Peranan ini turut dikaitkan dengan pembentukan identiti negara bangsa, iaitu apabila penemuan arkeologi digunakan untuk membuktikan kesamaan warisan dan mewujudkan naratif sejarah yang mengesahkan kewujudan negara dalam konteks geografi moden. Di Malaysia, pembangunan muzium yang dimulakan oleh pihak kolonial adalah berkesinambungan daripada pengaruh perkembangan pembangunan muzium di Eropah. Di samping itu, penelitian ke atas kebanyakan penerbitan lalu menunjukkan bahawa pembangunan dan perkembangan muzium di Malaysia berkait rapat dengan aktiviti antikuiti dan penyelidikan arkeologi. Justeru, bagi memahami hubungan antara aktiviti antikuiti awal dan penyelidikan arkeologi dengan sejarah permuziuman di Malaysia, maka penulisan makalah ini dihasilkan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pendekatan ini merangkumi analisis ke atas sumber sekunder melibatkan penerbitan terdahulu dan terkini, serta temu bual bersama pengamal muzium untuk mengetahui peranan muzium di Malaysia dalam konteks arkeologi, khususnya selepas penubuhan Jabatan Warisan Negara. Penulisan makalah ini diharap akan menyumbang kepada perbincangan yang lebih berfokus mengenai peranan institusi muzium dalam bidang arkeologi di Malaysia berbanding penerbitan lalu.
Kata kunci: pembangunan muzium, muzium arkeologi, identiti negara, aktiviti antikuiti penyelidikan arkeologi, Malaysia, Jabatan Warisan Negar
Tinjauan Awal Terhadap Penglibatan Orang Melayu Dalam Industri Perlombongan Bijih Timah di Perak, 1874–1941
Get PDFKajian ini merupakan tinjauan awal terhadap penglibatan orang Melayu dalam industri perlombongan bijih timah antara tahun 1874 hingga 1941. Tinjauan ini dilakukan bagi meneliti sejauh mana penglibatan orang Melayu dalam industri bijih timah di Perak telah dikaji. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah penelitian arkib dan juga kaedah kepustakaan untuk mengenal pasti sama ada data-data berkaitan pelombong Melayu boleh diperoleh dan digunakan bagi melakukan kajian lanjut yang lebih terperinci. Sumber-sumber statistik dalam laporan juga dianalisis menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif bagi menguatkan lagi dapatan kualitatif. Hasil kajian ini mendapati bahawa sumber-sumber sejarah boleh diperoleh walaupun dalam keadaan yang terhad bagi menjalankan kajian perihal penglibatan pelombong Melayu. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa perlombongan bijih timah sememangnya menjadi aktiviti tradisi orang Melayu, yang kemudian diusahakan oleh pembesar Melayu. Kemasukan pemodal Cina dan syarikat Eropah bermula dari 1870-an telah mengurangkan penglibatan orang Melayu dalam aktiviti perlombongan timah, namun daripada statistik yang diteliti, orang Melayu tetap terlibat walaupun dalam skala yang kecil. Penelitian ini juga mendapati kajian yang menyeluruh perihal penglibatan pelombong Melayu di Perak dari tahun 1874 hingga 1941 masih belum benar-benar diperincikan dalam kajian lepas.
Kata Kunci: pelombong Melayu, industri bijih timah, sejarah Pera
Selection of The Regulatory Seaport Cybersecurity Based on Integrated AHP and Topsis
Get PDFThe digitisation of seaports has brought about a significant improvement in efficiency, productivity, and communication within the maritime industry. However, the increasing reliance on technology exposes seaports to cyber threats, constituting significant risk to the economy and national security. This paper addresses the critical need for seaports to implement robust cybersecurity measures. While digital advancements offer numerous advantages, the potential vulnerability to cyberattacks demands a strategic decision-making model for selecting effective seaport cybersecurity strategies. The proposed decision support model integrates the Analytical Hierarchy Process-Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (AHP-TOPSIS). AHP is employed to measure the relative importance of evaluation criteria of seaport cyber threat factors in this decision hierarchy. Subsequently, TOPSIS is applied to rank the cyber threat strategy alternatives. The novelty lies in providing decision-makers with a comprehensive approach that extends beyond technical solution. The results present decision-makers with non-technical strategies, including employee training, awareness program, and educational level, which have the potential to mitigate the technology-related cybersecurity risks more effectively in seaports. This research provides vital insights essential for developing efficient cybersecurity regulations for seaports, thereby strengthening national security and economic stability. By integrating the significance of non-technical measures with conventional technical methodologies, decision-makers can establish a more robust cybersecurity framework. The paper introduces a holistic approach that establishes a fundamental basis for developing comprehensive and adaptable cybersecurity strategies within the maritime industry
COGNITIVE PROCESS ASSOCIATED WITH CREATIVITY SCALE AND CREATING BUSINESS INNOVATIONS THAT AFFECT THE SUCCESS OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURS AFTER COVID-19 PANDEMIC
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Creativity is a crucial skill for business entrepreneurs, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the objective of this research is to examine the influence of entrepreneurial creativity using the Cognitive Process Associated with Creativity (CPAC) scale model to examine its influence on business innovation and the success of small business entrepreneurs in the post COVID-19 context according to the concept of CPAC Model as a tool to study, together with, the variables on business innovation and the success of business entrepreneurs. The findings show that the CPAC model positively influences business innovation, which in turn contributes to the success of business entrepreneurs. Thus, the findings of this research suggest that business entrepreneurs need to use creativity so that their performance leads to business innovation and to business success. The results also suggest that the CPAC model be examined in other samples to explore the perspectives of individuals regarding the use of creativity to support the search for leveraging creativity for successful business operations. This research encompasses the CPAC model into entrepreneurship, showing how cognitive processes foster innovation and business success, with both theoretical and practical contributions