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Exploring the Impact of Higher Education on Ethical Values and Professional Integrity among University Students in Pakistan: A Qualitative Study
Get PDFThis article explored university students' perceptions regarding the university's role in fostering an ethical culture. The study adopted a qualitative, exploratory approach, utilizing a semi-structured interview tool developed from a literature review. Interviews were conducted with 15 students from various administrative-related disciplines. Findings indicated that students believe the university plays a significant role in
promoting ethical culture and suggested several strategies to enhance this effort. The study concludes that universities, particularly those offering administrative degree programs, should extend their focus beyond merely developing technical and hard skills. Instead, they should embrace their essential role in encouraging reflection on social issues and instilling a sense of responsibility among future business leaders to create value in society
Evaluation of Higher Secondary Education Curriculum Using the Context, Input, Process and Product Model in Rawalpindi Division, Pakistan
Get PDFCurriculum evaluation is an integral part of the educational process. Most curricula in Pakistan have often remained static for extended periods, hindering progress. Limited research has been conducted on the process of curriculum development in Pakistan in general and the higher secondary Education curriculum in particular. The current study aimed to fill this gap by evaluating the existing higher secondary Education curriculum in Pakistan using the CIPP (context, input, process, and product) evaluation model developed by Stufflebeam (1971). The purpose of this evaluation was to identify possible strengths and weaknesses of the Education curriculum in order to make necessary improvements. The population for the study consisted of teachers and students of the Education subject at the higher secondary level. A sequential explanatory mixed methods study was designed. Total population sampling was used to select the teachers, while simple random sampling technique was used for selecting the students. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive statistics for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data was applied. The findings show that the textbook was the sole source of the subject content and there did not seem alignment between the curriculum and the textbook. This study found considerable inverse correlation among context, input, process and product as input is not according to the designed context, process is not effective that follows only theoretical traditional pedagogies and the learning outcomes do not fulfil the need of introducing this subject and moreover a gap of knowledge and implementation. This study has implications for bridging the gaps from planning to necessary revisions and improvements in the elements of Education curriculum. By working together, all the stakeholders can design a high quality Education curriculum that prepares students for choosing the teacher education, developing higher-order thinking skills, moving beyond rote memorization, emphasizing deeper learning, development of psychomotor skills and students’ growth for problem solving skills to face the challenges for success in the 21st century
Sauvola Segmentation and Support Vector Machine-Salp Swarm Algorithm Approach for Identifying Nutrient Deficiencies in Citrus Reticulata Leaves
Get PDFMachine learning and image processing methods can effectively detect nutrient deficiencies in citrus trees, addressing the challenge of accurately identifying shortages that can impair crop health and productivity. Traditional methods often rely on expert visual assessments, which are labour-intensive, subjective, and time-consuming. The proposed method integrates colour and texture feature-based image analysis with machine learning algorithms for classification. The process begins with acquiring image data, which is categorized into four classes: nitrogen (N) deficiency, phosphorus (P) deficiency, potassium (K) deficiency, and normal. In total, 1,200 images are collected. Next, file sizes are reduced using lossless compression methods, achieving a 96.99% reduction. The second phase involves image segmentation using the Sauvola method. Following this, colour and texture featureextraction is performed. Colour features are extracted in the Hue (H), Saturation (S), and Value (V) colour space, while texture features are obtained using the Grey-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) method. This combination of colour and texture features results in various metrics, including mean, dissimilarity, skewness, angular second moment, variance, entropy, maximum probability, contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity, which are used for classification. Both Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods are compared for classification. The Sauvola method combined with ANN achieves the highest accuracy of 93.75%. In the next phase, the datasets are optimized using the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), which improves classification accuracy. With SSA optimization, the Sauvola method combined with SVM reaches an accuracy of 99.58%, surpassing other methods that use image processing and ANN classification. Expert validation is utilized to evaluate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and confirm the system's accuracy at 95%. Integrating SSA and SVM machine learning algorithms improves decision-making processes, leading to better crop yield through early detection and timely nutrient management. It ensures that plants receive the necessary nutrients for optimal growth and development
A Phenomenological Study of Consumer Interpretation of Media Advertising for University Branding in Sarawak
Get PDFThis thesis scrutinises how consumers engage with and "read" media advertising in the context of university branding. Employing an interpretive approach, the study aimed to unravel the dynamics of consumer perception before and during advertising consumption. It delved into consumers' comprehension, sense-making of media advertising, and responses to the interpreted narratives. Specifically, the research conducted an interpretive phenomenology study involving twenty participants who are Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) students or recent school graduates in Sarawak. The primary objective was to explore, rather than provide a definitive explanation, the intricate process of meaning construction when these individuals viewed university branding videos. The narratives detailing the participants' cognitive responses were recorded, transcribed, and analysed rigorously. The study's outcomes unveiled seven distinct stages participants underwent when interpreting university branding videos – absorption, anticipation, articulation, alignment, appropriation, alienation, and analysis. These stages are akin to "moments" in the process of understanding, rooted in phenomenology. The participants authored their interpretations of the narrative content by leveraging their cultural knowledge, aligning with or distancing themselves from their perceptions of university branding narratives, ultimately contributing to the shaping of the brand. The thesis offers practical value to advertisers and marketers seeking to develop media advertising campaigns for universities. It furnishes insights into consumer preferences and needs concerning media advertising and provides a roadmap for designing advertisements that resonate with an audience actively engaged in interpreting narratives. The findings from this study will also augment the empirical foundation of interpretive marketing research in Malaysia
An Analysis of Political Paradox in Clan-Based Values and Fragmanted States in Somalia Federalism Formation
Get PDFDespite general discussions and studies on the topic of federalism in Somalia and the progress of federalism in other African countries, ambiguity still surrounds the concept in Somalia. Previous research has focused on the influence of Somalia's clan politics and its unitary system of government, but there has been limited exploration of how clan politics interact with a federal framework in the country. There is little focus on federalism, clan-based politics and fragmentation, which are today's major political issues in Somalia. This study evaluated Somalia's federalism and the influence of clan-based politics on the fragmentation of the state. The objectives are to: assess how recognizing four point five clan identity in politics may serve as a valid instrument for power-sharing in the Somalia federal system; examine the rationality of federalizing Somalia and how it motivates trust and reconciliation among the nation; identify the perceptions of citizens on Somalia's current federal model and whether it accommodates diversity and preserves territorial integrity; and analyze the influence of the current federal model on secession and political fragmentation of the state. Qualitative research design that included document analysis, expert interviews, focus group discussion (FGDs) and first- hand observation of the events was used. Benadir (the capital city), Somaliland (declaring secession), and five member states (Jubbaland, South West, Hirshabeelle, Gal Mudug, and Puntland) and Somalia Diaspora have all been included in the sample. This study purposively sampled 52 individual interviewees and 158 FGD participants. Discourse and thematic analysis techniques were used to analyse the data. Coding, categorization, organization, and simplification of the analysis were done using QDA Miner Lite. The study found out that while the clan system may be effective for handling local clan traditional concerns, it can have significant constraints at the political level and it would be very unfavorable for Somalia's new federal government to endorse clan-based politics once again. The formation of Somalia's federalism was largely the result of external factors and a foreign-led agenda, and has not had a positive impact on trust and reconciliation; has exacerbated the country's tiny kinship-based diversity and is to blame for the widespread secessionist sentiments and Somalia state's political fragmentation
The Moderating Role of Government and the Mediating Role of Commitment in the Relationship between Shared Leadership and Organizational Performance in Jakarta
Get PDFThe purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of sharedleadership on company performance with the role of government as a moderation variable and organizational commitment as a mediation variable. The location of the research at the Tourism and Creative Economy Office of DKI Jakarta Province, Indonesia. The research design is a case study with non-parametric quantitative methods. Research sampling techniques are simple random sampling, a sample of 105 respondents, and hypothesis testing using the SMART-PLS software tool. The findings consist of five subdiscussions. First, sharedleadership is able to significantly improve organizational performance through seven indicators. Second, sharedleadership through the most dominant indicator, namely establishing teamwork, has a positive effect in increasing organizational commitment. Third, organizational commitment is proven to improve organizational performance. Fourth, the role of the government through its five indicators is proven to improve organizational performance well. Fifth, the role of government has not been able to strengthen the relationship of sharedleadership to organizational performance. Further findings, sharedleadership and organizational commitment are able to contribute to improving the performance of employees of the Tourism and Creative Economy Office of DKI Jakarta Province, Indonesia. However, the government's role is still weak in supporting implementation in the field. Because of technical constraints where employees do not understand their main duties professionally. In order to improve performance, the commitment of each level of the scope of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Tourism and Creative Economy Office is highly expected. Thus, it is important for the DKI Jakarta Provincial Tourism and Creative Economy Office to prioritize the planning aspects of Regional Apparatus along with control and evaluation functions. And adequate operational budget support and leadership oriented to togetherness / share so that the tourism activity program is sustainable
Analysis of Investor Perceptions on the Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Bribery in Thailand
Get PDFBribery within Thailand's investment process poses significant challenges for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), which plays a crucial role in the country's economic development. This study investigates how bribery and corruption affect investor perceptions and decisions, focusing on the interaction between FDI, bribery,
and governance. By integrating theories of FDI, Corruption, Bribery, Good Governance, Public Service Motivation (PSM), and Social Value Orientation (SVO), the research explores strategies to enhance Thailand's investment climate. A mixed
methods approach was employed. In the quantitative phase, a sample of 400 companies was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to assess the relationships between key factors influencing FDI, such as economic growth,
infrastructure, political stability, and the efficiency of government processes. The qualitative phase involved semi-structured interviews with 15 key informants, including businessmen, investors, and anti-bribery experts. Interviews continued until data saturation was reached, ensuring comprehensive insights. The research findings indicate that economic growth, infrastructure, and political stability are critical determinants of FDI, with corruption and bureaucratic inefficiencies acting as significant barriers. Investors report that bribery plays a prominent role in securing public contracts, accelerating government processes, and bypassing regulatory obstacles, undermining fair competition and public service quality. Despite existing anti-bribery laws, enforcement remains inconsistent, and inadequate legal protections deter whistleblowing. Based on the findings, the study recommends strengthening anti-corruption measures through enhanced law enforcement and promoting digital transformation to improve government transparency and efficiency. Additionally,
policymakers should focus on increasing public awareness of anti-bribery laws, developing robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, and offering better legal protections for whistleblowers. Promoting Public Service Motivation (PSM) and Social Value Orientation (SVO) within the business sector can further foster ethical practices and reduce corruption. International collaboration and digital reforms, inspired by models such as Singapore, are critical to building a more transparent and investment-friendly environment in Thailand
Organizational Culture as Determinant of Individual Perception of UTAUT Model: Case Study Credit Union in Indonesia
Get PDFThis study aims to employ the Competitive Value Framework (CVF) and its value drivers as indicators for individual perceptions derived from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use Technology (UTAUT). The data was analyzed using the SEM-PLS method. The Reflective Formative Second Order Two-Stage Approach was used for the analysis, where variables related to organizational culture (OC) were examined using
formative methods, while variables such as Performance Expectancy (PE), Social Influence (SI), Effort Expectancy (EE), and Behavioral Intention To Use (BI) were analyzed reflectively. The results revealed a significant correlation between OC and BI via EE and SI. However, the relationship between OC and BI via PE was found to be insignificant. This study contributes to theories about organizational culture, and information technology acceptance. On a practical level, these findings can assist decision-makers in paying greater attention to organizational culture when implementing new technologie
The Digital Classroom: Systematic Review of Use of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Teaching in Collaborative Online Settings
Get PDFThis study systematically reviews existing literature on the use of collaborative online settings for teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). Covering 37 peer-reviewed articles published between 2013 and 2024, the review examines various aspects of online collaborative EFL teaching, including the digital platforms utilized, the educational environments, and the specific language skills targeted. The findings indicate that collaborative online environments can enhance EFL learners' language proficiency through interactive learning, feedback techniques, and personalized learning. Additionally, the review found that such environments primarily improve learners' writing skills, with oral and speaking skills also benefiting. However, challenges such as learner distraction, Internet connectivity issues, lack of resources, and limited technical skills were identified as barriers to adopting collaborative online settings in EFL teaching. Strategies to mitigate these challenges such as the use self-created video materials, training, access to the Internet, among others, were discussed. The implications of these findings suggest that educators should incorporate digital collaborative tools to enhance learning outcomes, policymakers should support technological integration in language education, and researchers should address the identified gaps to develop more effective teaching strategies and educational policies
Zakat Compliance: The Interplay of Religiosity, Awareness, and Knowledge.
Get PDFThis study examined the influence of religiosity and knowledge of zakat on zakat awareness. It also investigates
the influence of religiosity, knowledge of zakat, and zakat
awareness on zakat compliance. This study involved 338 NPWZ owners who were registered as muzakki at the LPZ and lived in Serang, Banten province Indonesia. Proportional random sampling was used for respondent selection. This study used a variant-based structural equation test using PLS-SEM. The results indicate that religiosity positively influences zakat awareness and that knowledge of zakat also has a positive influence on zakat awareness. Furthermore, religiosity positively influenced zakat compliance, and knowledge of zakat enhanced zakat compliance. Higher levels of zakat awareness were correlated with increased zakat compliance. It's important to understand how much eligible Muslims actually follow through with giving zakat. This knowledge is key for gathering funds to help fight poverty and support community growth