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Technology Readiness and Flow Theory Influence Toward Acceptance of Augmented Reality Among Students in Private Universities in Jakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFStudents today benefit from various tools that enhance their learning, including digital platforms, online courses, and virtual classrooms, with augmented reality (AR) becoming increasingly popular. However, in Indonesia, most AR research in higher education focuses on software development rather than assessing students' technology readiness and acceptance. This impacts their motivation and effectiveness in using AR
for learning. The level of technology readiness of students will affect their acceptance, and motivation to learn using AR in education that affects focus and academic
achievement. This study examined how technology readiness and flow theory affect augmented reality acceptance in Jakarta's private higher education institutions. The
Technology Acceptance Model supported this study and also integrated the Technology Readiness Index and Flow Theory to examine how readiness and motivation affect student uptake of augmented reality. This research uses Mixed
Method Design to gather, analyse, and validate quantitative and qualitative data. A total of 602 students from 20 private universities in Jakarta is acquired to the survey
questionnaire as a basis for the quantitative analysis using SmartPLS, then followed by qualitative research from a total of 10 students as a respondent to validate the quantitative findings using Nvivo12. Based on the results, three variables were rejected in the Technology Readiness Index: Optimism (OPT) towards Perceived of Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), and Discomfort (DIS) towards Perceived Usefulness (PU) towards AR acceptance. The Technology Acceptance
Model accepts all variables that significantly affect augmented reality acceptance, including Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) towards Perceived of Usefulness (PU) and Attitude Towards Using (ATU), PU towards Intention to Use (IU) and Attitude Toward Using (ATU), and Attitude Toward Using (ATU) towards the intention to Use (IU). Lasty, Enjoyment, Control, and Concentration towards the Intention to Use in the Flow Theory are accepted. The result of the qualitative research confirmed that the findings in the quantitative results are valid. The implication of these findings for private universities should focus on other factors like innovation, insecurity, and control that significantly impact AR acceptance. Recognizing that readiness and motivation play crucial roles in AR acceptance, institutions should develop strategies to boost students' confidence and interest in using AR technology
The Relationship between Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Employee Performance among Hospital Employees of South Waziristan Tribal District in Pakistan
Get PDFThis thesis presents an extensive investigation into the connections between healthcare workers' levels of stress, job satisfaction, and productivity in Pakistan's South Waziristan Tribal District. The study provides a detailed picture of how workplace stress affects the performance and job happiness of healthcare employees in this location by delving into the specific issues they experience. Strong evidence favoring a correlation between these factors was discovered in the research. Employee performance was found to be significantly correlated with job stress, and job happiness was found to play a vital role in mediating this relationship. This study investigates the intricate relationships between key variables - workload, working environment, decision-making authority, and monetary rewards - in the healthcare sector of the South Waziristan Tribal District, Pakistan. These variables collectively influence the workplace experiences and overall job satisfaction of healthcare professionals, ultimately affecting their performance and the quality of healthcare services delivered. The study also provided new insight into the wide range of physical and mental pressures experienced by healthcare workers and their significant impact on their health. Stress management approaches, employee welfare programs, training, and equitable performance rating systems are among the many solutions proposed to meet these difficulties. The proposed changes are meant to improve the working conditions of healthcare professionals. The thesis also emphasizes the necessity for more studies in a variety of healthcare settings and geographical areas in order to fully address the complexities of occupational stress. In sum, this thesis provides insightful analysis and actionable suggestions for enhancing healthcare professionals' health and productivity, particularly in difficult settings like the South Waziristan Tribal District
Assessing the Impact and Challenges in Contemporary World Politics: A Case Study on Pakistani International and Global Peace
Get PDFThis thesis investigates the role of international law in maintaining global peace, with a specific focus on the United Nations (UN) as the primary mechanism through which international law is implemented. The central argument is that international law, predominantly through the UN's framework, plays a crucial role in sustaining global peace, despite various contemporary challenges that impede its full effectiveness. The research explores the intricate relationship between international law, peace, and security, seeking to determine whether global peace is a direct result of the implementation of international laws through the UN's legal system or if other factors contribute to this outcome. The objective is to critically assess whether international law alone is responsible for global peace or if other elements, such as geopolitical interests and power dynamics, also play significant roles. Employing a qualitative research methodology, the study relies on content analysis of relevant documents and treaties. This approach systematically analyzes textual data to uncover patterns, themes, and meanings related to the role of international law in peacekeeping. The research design is rooted in qualitative content analysis, which provides a nuanced understanding of how international law influences global peace. Thesis delves into the effectiveness of the UN Charter, alongside other international treaties, in maintaining peace. It examines the UN's role in key conflict zones, particularly in the Middle East and South Asia, with a focus on the Palestine-Israel conflict, the Iran-Iraq War, the Kuwait-Iraq War, and the Kashmir issue. In the Middle East, the UN's interventions in the Palestine-Israel conflict, the Iran-Iraq War, and the Kuwait-Iraq War highlight its capacity to mediate and attempt to resolve disputes. However, the research also acknowledges the challenges which the UN faces in enforcing its resolutions and maintaining peace in these regions. For instance, while the UN played a pivotal role in ending the Kuwait-Iraq War through swift and decisive action, its efforts in resolving the Palestine issue have been less successful, despite numerous attempts to mediate peace. Also, UN spent eight years to stop the war between Iraq and Iran. And in its involvement in South Asia, particularly in the Kashmir issue, the UN had recommended a plebiscite to determine the region's future. The study concludes that international law, through the UN, is indeed a central mechanism for maintaining global peace but its effectiveness is often hampered by challenges in enforcement and the influence of geopolitical dynamics. While the UN and international law have been instrumental in resolving some conflicts, their success is not absolute, and their ability to enforce peace is contingent on various factors, including the willingness of powerful states to comply with international legal norms. This thesis affirms that while international law, under the UN's guidance, is a critical tool for global peace, its impact is limited by enforcement difficulties and the complex nature of international relations. Therefore, while international law is essential, it is not the sole factor in maintaining global peace; other elements, such as geopolitical strategies and power interests, also play crucial roles
Constructive Dismissal Claims of Senior Management Employees in Malaysia: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Get PDFThis thesis delved into the significant yet underexplored issue of constructive dismissal (CD) within the senior management level. As the second layer of management, senior
management employees play a pivotal role in shaping and maintaining an organisation's culture. Their departure, particularly when it is a result of constructive dismissal, can have far-reaching implications for the organisation. The primary objective of this research was to address the existing gap in knowledge by scrutinising the perceptions and triggers of CD claims made by senior management employees in Malaysia. Additionally, it sought to understand the stance of the Malaysian Courts on these matters. The research methodology involved purposive sampling of award
reports from the legal databases operated by the Current Law Journal (CLJ). Data extracted from these reports were then coded using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Thematic Analysis (TA). These analytical methodologies were applied within the theoretical framework of the Social Exchange Theory, providing a comprehensive lens through which the data were scrutinised. The findings of this research revealed that the primary reason claimants resigned from their positions was a breach of fundamental contract terms, triggered by what was referred to as the "Brick Wall circumstance" - a situation where the employer completely disregarded the claimants’ grievances. The Courts however did not concur with the claimants in every case. The study therefore concludsed that intervention and mediation by Human Resources (HR) might be necessary to identify potential CD risks and to mitigate these risks. The findings of this study aimed to deepen HR practitioners' understanding of the CD doctrine and provided a solid foundation for future research on the subject. This research contributed to the field of HR management by offering a nuanced understanding of CD, particularly within senior management, and its implications for organisational
culture and stability
Determinants of Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard Usage and its Impact on Impulsive Buying Behaviour Among Indonesian Consumers
Get PDFQRIS is a new phenomenon in the payment industry in Indonesia. QRIS has increased in terms of the number of transactions and in Rupiah. However, the QRIS system does not work well in traditional markets. To examine these phenomena, this study aims to examine the determinants of QRIS usage and its impact on the impulse buying behaviour of Indonesian consumers. Using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) model with the addition of independent variables comprising compatibility, personal innovativeness, and cost from Diffusion of Innovation (DIT) theory and dependent variable comprising impulsive buying behaviour from Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOM) theory. Using a questionnaire survey, this study sampled 781 QRIS users in Jakarta, Indonesia, as respondents. The primary data collected was analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0 software. The research findings show that social influence, price value, habit, compatibility, personal innovativeness, and cost are the main factors that influence the use of QRIS in Jakarta, Indonesia. Unlike prior research in the body of knowledge that primarily concentrated on QRIS adoption factors, this study extends a step further by exploring the effect or influence of QRIS adoption on customer behaviour, particularly impulsive buying behaviour, and has shown significant results. The results of this study can help the government in developing marketing campaigns and promotional materials that encourage customers to take advantage of QRIS. It can help future researchers understand the use of the UTAUT2 development model with additional variables of compatibility, personal innovativeness and cost in analysing the use of QR codes and their influence on impulsive buying behaviour in other developing countries with socio-economic characteristics similar to Indonesia
A Recipe for Success: The Role of Supportive and Bureaucratic Organizational Cultures: Mediating the Relationship Between Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in Online Food Delivery
Get PDFIn this era of growing e-commerce businesses and the ever-increasing need for home delivery of food, this study investigates the factors influencing customer satisfaction in the online food delivery sector. It also focuses on the mediating variables of bureaucratic and supporting organizational cultures. From Lahore, Pakistan, a purposive sampling method was used to select 284 participants, and data was collected through structured questionnaires. The research underscores the importance of service quality in enhancing customer satisfaction, consistent with previous studies. The findings suggest that bureaucratic organizational culture was not a significant mediating factor, but the results expose its deficiencies. On the other hand, supportive organizational culture is only partially mediated, emphasizing the importance of building supportive cultures in organizations. This study also provides implications for online home delivery service providers to adopt consumer-oriented initiatives, foster supportive environments, and alleviate bureaucratic limitations in fulfilling customer satisfaction in this dynamic, growing industry
Adapting to Change: The Impact of Flexible Work Models On Employee Engagement and Retention “Proposing A Conceptual Model For Further Exploration
Get PDFThis study reviews the literature to find relationships between flexible work arrangements, psychological empowerment, and employee engagement in modern organizations. With increasing flexible arrangements, there are pertinent questions on what such arrangements mean to the employees. The Justification of the study based on Social Exchange Theory caters towards examining how flexibility in working time, work-life balance, and a culture of trust translate into a sense of empowerment on the part of employees, inherently determining engagement. Adopting a quantitative research strategy, the research will develop a standardized questionnaire adapted from validated instruments. The targeted population will consist of employees in firms implementing flexible working arrangements determined with statistical formulas that provide assurance of sample size robustness. In evaluating the relationships among the variables and testing the proposed hypotheses, various advanced analytical techniques including Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Partial Least Squares (PLS), and SPSS will be applied. The findings are anticipated to demonstrate the empirical verification of flexible work arrangements impacting positively on psychological empowerment and employee engagement. This research serves to enhance the existing literature with more practical insights on how contemporary work arrangements raise employee satisfaction and retention levels. On the other hand, the implications of the study will reach academia and industry. Academically, the study will augment the knowledge pool of organizational behavior and human resource management while practically, it will guide organizations in formulating policies on flexible work that enhance committed productivity. Thus, the study will give a holistic overview of the dynamics between flexible work arrangements and employee engagement and provide meaningful insights for organizations in the transformation of work
Examining Prevalence, the Relationship of Neurotransmitters Associated with Happiness, Stress, Leadership, Motivation, and Organizational Reciprocal Trust
Get PDFThis article delves into the intricate interplay between our body's chemical responses and their impact on the organizational environment, particularly focusing on the neurotransmitters associated with stress and happiness:
dopamine (often referred to as the motivation hormone), serotonin (commonly known as the mood regulator), and
oxytocin (recognized as the trust hormone). It examines how these chemicals influence the level of trust that Pakistani
workers place in their leadership. The significance of studying the chemical dynamics of happiness within organizational settings stems from their multifaceted roles, particularly in decision-making processes, which are pivotal for task execution. Specifically, the exploration of oxytocin, triggered by positive emotions through the chemical pathways of happiness, or conversely, by elevated levels of cortisol resulting from stress, is deemed essential in preempting adverse outcomes that impact mental
well-being, organizational culture, and climate. Such outcomes encompass conflicts among employees, compromised
cognitive capabilities, reduced creativity and problem-solving skills, leading to demotivated workforce and, often, high turnover rates. To delve into this topic, the research methodology employed comprises qualitative exploratory research and literature review. These approaches, coupled with data collection, aim to fulfill the objectives outlined in this article
The Relationship between Servant Leadership Style, Employee Satisfaction and Employee Commitment of Telecommunication Industry Employees in Pakistan
Get PDFThe study explores the relationships between servant leadership, employee satisfaction, and employee commitment within the telecommunications sector of Pakistan. Despite the significance of these variables for organizational success, especially in dynamic industries like telecommunications, the interplay among them has been under-researched in the Pakistani context. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the direct and indirect effects of servant leadership on employee commitment, focusing particularly on the mediating role of employee satisfaction. The study employs a causal-comparative research design, targeting a population of approximately 1.36 million employees within Pakistan's telecom sector. Based on the Morgan sample size table, a sample of 384 participants was determined to achieve a 95% confidence level. Data were collected from 397 respondents using survey questionnaires distributed across four major telecom companies. The survey instrument measured key constructs of servant leadership, employee satisfaction, and employee commitment. A pilot study was conducted to ensure the instrument's reliability before data collection. Data was analyzed using Smart PLS software, applying a range of statistical tests, including demographic analysis, descriptive statistics, reliability testing, correlation analysis, and regression analysis, to test the study's hypotheses. The findings revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between servant leadership and employee commitment, as well as between employee satisfaction and commitment. Furthermore, servant leadership was found to have a strong influence on employee satisfaction. Importantly, employee satisfaction served as a significant mediator in the relationship between servant leadership and employee commitment, highlighting the indirect effect of leadership on commitment. These findings offer valuable insights for organizational leadership and human resource practices in the telecom sector, emphasizing the importance of servant leadership in fostering employee satisfaction and commitment. The study concludes with recommendations for future research, suggesting the exploration of additional mediating and moderating variables and the use of mixed method approaches to gain deeper insights into these relationships
Risk Management Implementation and Business Continuity in Private Higher Educational Institutions
Get PDFThis study is looking into the aspect of risk management implementation and business continuity in private higher education institutions. Private higher education in Malaysia has been growing rapidly since late 80’s and it has provided an alternative for students to pursue their tertiary study of choice. Every year new private higher education institutions are established; competition gets keener and the challenge to continue existing is becoming greater. The ever-challenging private higher education business environment challenges private higher education institution to stay afloat like any other business, but the decision to cease operation of a private higher education institution is having serious and detrimental effect on various stake holders unlike other business. It is known fact that any untoward happenings to private higher education institution will have direct impact to students and their future. The fluctuating number of private higher education institution in operation year after year is having wholesome impact to the nation as well. The readiness of private higher education institution in facing business uncertainty and continue to exist is critical. This study adopts a qualitative method approach supported with analysis from data collected through quantitative method as well. Top executives of selected private higher education institutions were interviewed, and a survey questionnaire was distributed to selected private higher education employees for related data gathering. The study revealed private higher education institution agrees and knows the importance of risk management; risk and risk management knowledge are lacking among the process owners in private higher education institutions; organizational culture plays crucial role in effective implementation of risk management; risk management and business continuity have a real and inevitable link; having a sector specific risk management framework will further strengthen and benefit the private higher education institutions in managing risks faced in their higher education business. There are several limitations in this study which are; only private higher education institutions located in Klang Valley were included, these institutions should have been operating more than ten years with more than 300 students and it must be a homegrown private higher education institution