Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne
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(Nie)kwestionowane granice decyzyjności pedagoga w kształtowaniu obrazu świętości wśród dzieci?
Get PDFA teacher’s work with children of preschool and early school age focuses on achieving the teaching and educational objectives, as well as those related to childcare. The tasks include, among others, supporting pupils in shaping the image of the world, recognising different values and criteria,as well as methods of choosing them, obtaining basic social skills, and shaping moral and religious attitudes. The educator is obliged to show the children universal values and ethical principles. They also have to present role models and motivate their pupils to imitate them. All of this fosters an image of sanctity among children. When it comes to making decisions regarding the shaping of the image of sanctity among children, the teacher is restricted by educational law, especially the core curriculum of general education, as well as the school’s curriculum. This restriction applies mainly to the objectives and content of teaching and education. However, in matters of methodology, the teacher has many possibilities for creative action. They may exceed the methodologies suggested by educational law and design their own teaching innovations. With regard to shaping the image of sanctity among children, of particular note are All Saints’ Day balls, Angel Days, educational games and activities, family fairs, saints’ parades, competition and stage productions.A teacher’s work with children of preschool and early school age focuses on achieving the teaching and educational objectives, as well as those related to childcare. The tasks include, among others, supporting pupils in shaping the image of the world, recognising different values and criteria,as well as methods of choosing them, obtaining basic social skills, and shaping moral and religious attitudes. The educator is obliged to show the children universal values and ethical principles. They also have to present role models and motivate their pupils to imitate them. All of this fosters an image of sanctity among children. When it comes to making decisions regarding the shaping of the image of sanctity among children, the teacher is restricted by educational law, especially the core curriculum of general education, as well as the school’s curriculum. This restriction applies mainly to the objectives and content of teaching and education. However, in matters of methodology, the teacher has many possibilities for creative action. They may exceed the methodologies suggested by educational law and design their own teaching innovations. With regard to shaping the image of sanctity among children, of particular note are All Saints’ Day balls, Angel Days, educational games and activities, family fairs, saints’ parades, competition and stage productions
Von der Erkenntnis der Wahrheit zur inneren Umwandlung des Menschen – eine Studie auf der Grundlage von Ähnlichkeiten im Denken von Nikolaus von Kues und Edmund Husserl
Get PDFBoth the newly published writings of Edmund Husserl as well as the still unpublished manuscripts force us to reinterpret his thoughts, as in their light we find numerous anthropological and – what is more - mystical implications in the reflection of the philosopher. Phenomenology can, in fact, be read as a process of autoconstitution of the entity in its adequate being, i.e. its laborious process of self-discovery and “being born” in the light of its own inner truth. This truth, meanwhile, is the fact that our “real” and “authentic self”, that we find in ourselves with the help of phenomenology, is nothing but a trace of God in man. Thus Husserl reads the main tool of his method, i.e. the phenomenological reduction, as a kind of 1/ the subject’s meditation on itself; 2/ the process of its slow return to itself; 3/ the process of, on the one hand, deconstruction of its “popular consciousness”, and, on the other hand, of the spiritual deconstruction of its false and inadequate way of being, in which the subject is stuck each day. The end to the reduction understood this way will be the “transcendental death” of man and subsequent spiritual “birth” to a new life. Interestingly, the above thoughts of Husserl bring him close to the tradition of Christian mysticism and, among it, to the reflection of Nicholas of Cusa. Therefore, the aim of this article will be the study of the basic categories of the phenomenologist’s thinking in the light of Cusanus’ doctrine of “enlightened ignorance”, his concept of “negative thinking”, mystical cognition and the inner transformation of man, so that it becomes possible to demonstrate some convergence regarding assumptions which guided their reflection, its direction and finally the fundamental conclusions.Zarówno nowo opublikowane pisma Edmunda Husserla, jak i wciąż niepublikowane manuskrypty zmuszają nas do reinterpretacji jego myśli, gdyż w ich świetle odnajdujemy liczne antropologiczne oraz – co więcej – mistyczne implikacje w refleksji filozofa. Fenomenologię można bowiem odczytywać jako proces autokonsytytucji podmiotu we właściwym mu byciu, tj. jego żmudny proces odnajdywania siebie i „zradzania” w świetle własnej wewnętrznej prawdy. Tę tymczasem stanowi fakt, iż nasze „prawdziwe” i „autentyczne ja”, które odkrywamy w sobie z pomocą fenomenologii, jest niczym innym, jak śladem Boga w człowieku. W ten sposób główne narzędzie swojej metody, tj. redukcję fenomenologiczną, Husserl odczytuje jako rodzaj 1/ medytacji podmiotu nad sobą samym; 2/ proces jego powolnego powrotu do siebie samego 3/ proces z jednej strony dekonstrukcji jego „świadomości potocznej”, a z drugiej proces duchowej dekonstrukcji jego fałszywego i nieadekwatnego sposobu bycia, w którym ten tkwi na co dzień. Kresem tak rozumianej redukcji będzie „transcendentalna śmierć” człowieka i jego powtórne duchowe „narodziny” do nowego życia. Co ciekawe, powyższe rozważania Husserla zbliżają go do tradycji mistyki chrześcijańskiej, a w tym do refleksji Mikołaja z Kuzy. W związku z tym celem niniejszego artykułu będzie studium podstawowych kategorii myślenia fenomenologa w świetle doktryny „oświeconej niewiedzy” Kuzańczyka, jego koncepcji „myślenia negatywnego”, mistycznego poznania oraz wewnętrznej przemiany człowieka, tak, aby stało się możliwym wykazanie pewnych zbieżności jeśli chodzi o założenia, które przyświecały ich refleksji, kierunkowi myślenia czy wreszcie fundamentalnym wnioskom
Omosessualità e sacerdozio. Il nodo gordiano – dei cattolici?
Get PDFHomosexuality and the priesthood. The Gordian knot – for Catholics?This article provides a short overview on the relationship between homosexuality and the Catholic priesthood. The analysis reveals that the phenomenon of homosexuality increasingly divides the Christian world. The understanding of homosexuality requires interdisciplinary and serious analysis. The crucial question for Catholics, which is rather of an ontological than moral nature, concerns the vision of the priest who acts “in the person of Christ” (in persona Christi). The understanding of the essential elements of the conformity of the Catholic priest to Christ seems to be crucial for the correct interpretation of the relationship between homosexuality and the priesthood.Artykuł zawiera krótki przegląd historyczny różnych stanowisk, dotyczących relacji między homoseksualizmem a kapłaństwem w Kościele katolickim. Przeprowadzone analizy dowodzą, że ocena zjawiska homoseksualizmu dzieli coraz bardziej nie tylko katolików, ale cały świat chrześcijański. Zrozumienie homoseksualizmu wymaga poważnych badań interdyscyplinarnych. Kluczowe pytanie dla katolików, które ma raczej charakter ontologiczny niż moralny, dotyczy wizji filozoficznej i teologicznej kapłana, który działa w „osobie Chrystusa” (in persona Christi). Zrozumienie istotnych elementów zgodności kapłana katolickiego z Chrystusem wydaje się kluczowe dla właściwej interpretacji związku między homoseksualizmem a kapłaństwem
Duch jest zadatkiem naszego dziedzictwa w oczekiwaniu na odkupienie (Ef 1,14). Nowotestamentowe metafory Ducha Świętego jako przedsmak pełni zbawienia w życiu przyszłym
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to propose a new distinctive view, different from the traditional one, of the person and work of the Holy Spirit, or speaking more precisely, how St. Paul and the author of the Hebrews understand the gift of the Holy Spirit in Christian life. According to their pneumatology the presence of the Holy Spirit in a baptized person marks the beginning or the first part of salvation that will be completed in the age to come. To spell out their approach they both use the language of metaphors. The first metaphor arrabōn derives from commercial life (2 Cor 1:22; 5:5; Eph 1:14). It stands for the “downpayment” or “earnest” which in trade language means the part of the whole sum of money resulting from the sale-purchase contract, the first installment and the guarantee that the deal will be kept and the total amount of money paid.When Paul calls the Holy Spirit “the first installment”, he means He is like a down payment and a foretaste of eternal happiness and future heritage prepared for the saved. In other words the Spirit is a pledge and a guarantee: what now is paid partially, will be paid completely in eternal life. The second metaphor aparchē (Rom 8:23) originates from the agricultural life. The term “first fruits” pertains to the first grain from the field or to first fruits from the orchard. The Israelites were obliged to offer them to Yahweh. When offering Him a small part of the first produce, they actually gave Him the whole crop. In St. Paul’s view the Holy Spirit is like the first sheaf of grain offered to the Christians, and points out to the future complete harvest of salvation in heaven.The third metaphor of the Holy Spirit – a forerunner of future fullness – is taken from the domestic life. The Spirit is considered by the author of the Hebrews as food which is tasted by the baptized (geuomai; Heb 6:4). In fact, tasting is not yet the exact eating, but consuming a small amount of a dish in order to know what it is like. Christians filled with the Holy Spirit just sample “the powers of the age to come” (Heb 6:5), because He is a foretaste of the eternal banquet in heaven.The three studied metaphors introduce an unexpected perspective of the Holy Spirit. In earthly life He is the first installment or an advance payment of big riches provided for the believers; He is the first fruits indicating the heavenly harvest and the foretaste of an eternal banquet with God. He is also a pledge and a guarantee that what was promised by God to His people, will be granted.The aim of this paper is to propose a new distinctive view, different from the traditional one, of the person and work of the Holy Spirit, or speaking more precisely, how St. Paul and the author of the Hebrews understand the gift of the Holy Spirit in Christian life. According to their pneumatology the presence of the Holy Spirit in a baptized person marks the beginning or the first part of salvation that will be completed in the age to come. To spell out their approach they both use the language of metaphors. The first metaphor arrabōn derives from commercial life (2 Cor 1:22; 5:5; Eph 1:14). It stands for the “downpayment” or “earnest” which in trade language means the part of the whole sum of money resulting from the sale-purchase contract, the first installment and the guarantee that the deal will be kept and the total amount of money paid.When Paul calls the Holy Spirit “the first installment”, he means He is like a down payment and a foretaste of eternal happiness and future heritage prepared for the saved. In other words the Spirit is a pledge and a guarantee: what now is paid partially, will be paid completely in eternal life. The second metaphor aparchē (Rom 8:23) originates from the agricultural life. The term “first fruits” pertains to the first grain from the field or to first fruits from the orchard. The Israelites were obliged to offer them to Yahweh. When offering Him a small part of the first produce, they actually gave Him the whole crop. In St. Paul’s view the Holy Spirit is like the first sheaf of grain offered to the Christians, and points out to the future complete harvest of salvation in heaven.The third metaphor of the Holy Spirit – a forerunner of future fullness – is taken from the domestic life. The Spirit is considered by the author of the Hebrews as food which is tasted by the baptized (geuomai; Heb 6:4). In fact, tasting is not yet the exact eating, but consuming a small amount of a dish in order to know what it is like. Christians filled with the Holy Spirit just sample “the powers of the age to come” (Heb 6:5), because He is a foretaste of the eternal banquet in heaven.The three studied metaphors introduce an unexpected perspective of the Holy Spirit. In earthly life He is the first installment or an advance payment of big riches provided for the believers; He is the first fruits indicating the heavenly harvest and the foretaste of an eternal banquet with God. He is also a pledge and a guarantee that what was promised by God to His people, will be granted
Dobra śmierć – czyli jaka? Próba odpowiedzi na pytanie na podstawie nauczania K. Rahnera, H. U. von Balthasara i J. Ratzingera (Benedykta XVI)
Get PDFOn July 22, 1908, Pope Pius X established the Association of Our Lady of a Happy Death as universal for the whole Church. On May 1987, the Primate of Poland, Cardinal Joseph Glemp, approved the Polish Branch of the Association at the Shrine to the Virgin Mary in Górka Klasztorna. He also permitted the Missionaries of the Holy Family to carry out this work. The purpose of the Association is the propagation of prayer and preparation for a good death. The question is, however, can death be good? If so, what is a good death? The article titled „What makes a good death? An attempt to answer the question based on the teachings of K. Rahner, H.U. von Balthasar and J. Ratzinger – Benedict XVI“ is an analysis of the thoughts of the three great contemporary theologians. It does not, however, aim to analyze deeply the mutual similarities and differences between the German-speaking theologians. The study aims at explaining what we really ask God for when praying for a „happy death”. Even a cursory reading of selected books by Rahner, von Balthasar and Ratzinger – Benedict XVI reveals that thinking about death as something good is not unreasonable. Why? Because the positive aspect of dying does not come from the nature of death, but from God’s action in it. It was Him who in the Person of Jesus Christ became man and conquered the hell of death (Ratzinger) by transforming a “bad death” into a “good one” (von Balthasar), and thus gained eternal redemption for us (Rahner).On July 22, 1908, Pope Pius X established the Association of Our Lady of a Happy Death as universal for the whole Church. On May 1987, the Primate of Poland, Cardinal Joseph Glemp, approved the Polish Branch of the Association at the Shrine to the Virgin Mary in Górka Klasztorna. He also permitted the Missionaries of the Holy Family to carry out this work. The purpose of the Association is the propagation of prayer and preparation for a good death. The question is, however, can death be good? If so, what is a good death? The article titled „What makes a good death? An attempt to answer the question based on the teachings of K. Rahner, H.U. von Balthasar and J. Ratzinger – Benedict XVI“ is an analysis of the thoughts of the three great contemporary theologians. It does not, however, aim to analyze deeply the mutual similarities and differences between the German-speaking theologians. The study aims at explaining what we really ask God for when praying for a „happy death”. Even a cursory reading of selected books by Rahner, von Balthasar and Ratzinger – Benedict XVI reveals that thinking about death as something good is not unreasonable. Why? Because the positive aspect of dying does not come from the nature of death, but from God’s action in it. It was Him who in the Person of Jesus Christ became man and conquered the hell of death (Ratzinger) by transforming a “bad death” into a “good one” (von Balthasar), and thus gained eternal redemption for us (Rahner)
O narodzinach Odnowy Charyzmatycznej w polskim Kościele
Get PDFO narodzinach Odnowy Charyzmatycznej w polskim Kościel
Ku wolności wyzwolił nas Chrystus (Ga 5,1). Teologiczne aspekty ludzkiej wolności
Get PDFThe discovery of universal freedom is an achievement of Saint Paul, and an achievement of the Church is a consequent propagation of this fact throughout the centuries. The Christian character of this discovery was already noticed by Hegel. In today’s world, so strongly marked by the search of freedom it is necessary to reiterate the Christian vision of freedom which is a universal one. This vision is profoundly theological in character and deeply rooted in the mystery of redemption brought by Jesus Christ. This article touches upon this fact and points out its certain aspects, especially the soteriological one. Bearing in mind the theology of freedom we cannot ignore its abundant anthropological references. The article recalls the proposition of St. Thomas Aquinas, which has been largely accepted by Catholic theology and constitutes a benchmark of anthropological philosophy which has a special application in ethics. Christian tradition stresses the fact that for a human, freedom is above all “a vocation”. Therefore, on the one hand God’s definite design through Jesus Christ concerning man has to find its eschatological realization, on the other hand man’s freedom which is solidifying in this design has to revel and show itself to the full. Undoubtedly, the eschatological issue in Christian vision of freedom is worth mentioning as well.The discovery of universal freedom is an achievement of Saint Paul, and an achievement of the Church is a consequent propagation of this fact throughout the centuries. The Christian character of this discovery was already noticed by Hegel. In today’s world, so strongly marked by the search of freedom it is necessary to reiterate the Christian vision of freedom which is a universal one. This vision is profoundly theological in character and deeply rooted in the mystery of redemption brought by Jesus Christ. This article touches upon this fact and points out its certain aspects, especially the soteriological one. Bearing in mind the theology of freedom we cannot ignore its abundant anthropological references. The article recalls the proposition of St. Thomas Aquinas, which has been largely accepted by Catholic theology and constitutes a benchmark of anthropological philosophy which has a special application in ethics. Christian tradition stresses the fact that for a human, freedom is above all “a vocation”. Therefore, on the one hand God’s definite design through Jesus Christ concerning man has to find its eschatological realization, on the other hand man’s freedom which is solidifying in this design has to revel and show itself to the full. Undoubtedly, the eschatological issue in Christian vision of freedom is worth mentioning as well
Problematyka programów nauczania religii w szkole powszechnej i gimnazjum ogólnokształcącym na łamach „Miesięcznika Katechetycznego i Wychowawczego” w latach 1932-1939
Get PDFThe educational changes launched in Poland in 1932 included the establishment of new types of schools, such as seven-year common schools and four-year middle schools. Therefore, there was a need for school curricula that would correspond to the new educational system. The National Board of Education first prepared the preliminary drafts and subsequently passed the school curricula. The Catechetic and Pedagogical Monthly analyzed them over the span of the 1930s. Not only the analyses and their results were published in the magazine, but also the contents of the curricula. That is why in pre-war Poland this Catholic periodical became one of the most important information sources on school curricula of religious education. Moreover, it was a source from which successive syllabuses were derived.The educational changes launched in Poland in 1932 included the establishment of new types of schools, such as seven-year common schools and four-year middle schools. Therefore, there was a need for school curricula that would correspond to the new educational system. The National Board of Education first prepared the preliminary drafts and subsequently passed the school curricula. The Catechetic and Pedagogical Monthly analyzed them over the span of the 1930s. Not only the analyses and their results were published in the magazine, but also the contents of the curricula. That is why in pre-war Poland this Catholic periodical became one of the most important information sources on school curricula of religious education. Moreover, it was a source from which successive syllabuses were derived
Wtajemniczenie chrześcijańskie bramą i drogą do nowego życia paschalnego. Refleksja na kanwie propozycji bpa Zbigniewa Kiernikowskiego
No full textFollowing the Second Vatican Council, the Catholic Church notices the need for the existence in particular dioceses of an institutional way of Christian initiation for adults who wish to follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. At the same time, there is a universal recognition of the need to organize in local churches and relatively big parishes special places where it would be possible for adults to gradually experience post-baptismal initiation. Zbigniew Kiernikowski, the Bishop of Legnica, offers us a comprehensive proposition of Christian initiation for adults, which can be experienced both prior to and after the celebration of the sacraments of Christian initiation. He updates the way of initiation in a very specific manner, which the Church recommends in the Rite of Christian initiation of adults adjusted to Polish customs. His proposition is firmly set in the biblical, liturgical, ecclesial and existential contexts. Its great asset is the author’s pastoral practice. The outline of the catechumenate and proposed catecheses were not created by him while sitting at a desk, but rather as a result of his ministry, the long-term programmes implemented personally in the dioceses of Siedlce and Legnica, the catecheses delivered, the scrutinies carried out and the sacraments celebrated. Yet, it needs to be stressed that the presented catecheses do not deal with all the essential dimensions of a Christian’s new life. Neither are they a systematic theological lecture on the sacraments of initiation. His numerous texts contain very interesting intuitions related to the existence of a new man, the Son of God, who is born thanks to being immersed in the waters of baptism. His proposition of experiencing initiation is incredibly valuable and unique against the backdrop of the Polish contemporary thought and sacramental practice.Following the Second Vatican Council, the Catholic Church notices the need for the existence in particular dioceses of an institutional way of Christian initiation for adults who wish to follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. At the same time, there is a universal recognition of the need to organize in local churches and relatively big parishes special places where it would be possible for adults to gradually experience post-baptismal initiation. Zbigniew Kiernikowski, the Bishop of Legnica, offers us a comprehensive proposition of Christian initiation for adults, which can be experienced both prior to and after the celebration of the sacraments of Christian initiation. He updates the way of initiation in a very specific manner, which the Church recommends in the Rite of Christian initiation of adults adjusted to Polish customs. His proposition is firmly set in the biblical, liturgical, ecclesial and existential contexts. Its great asset is the author’s pastoral practice. The outline of the catechumenate and proposed catecheses were not created by him while sitting at a desk, but rather as a result of his ministry, the long-term programmes implemented personally in the dioceses of Siedlce and Legnica, the catecheses delivered, the scrutinies carried out and the sacraments celebrated. Yet, it needs to be stressed that the presented catecheses do not deal with all the essential dimensions of a Christian’s new life. Neither are they a systematic theological lecture on the sacraments of initiation. His numerous texts contain very interesting intuitions related to the existence of a new man, the Son of God, who is born thanks to being immersed in the waters of baptism. His proposition of experiencing initiation is incredibly valuable and unique against the backdrop of the Polish contemporary thought and sacramental practice