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UNIVERSITY STUDENT PERCEPTIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF CANNABIS FOLLOWING LEGALIZATION IN WASHINGTON STATE
No full textThesis (Ph.D.), Criminal Justice, Washington State UniversityUNIVERSITY STUDENT PERCEPTIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF CANNABIS
FOLLOWING LEGALIZATION IN WASHINGTON STATE
Abstract
by Duane Leslie Stanton Sr., Ph.D.
Washington State University
December 2019
Chair: Mary Stohr
Cannabis is held to be among the most abused substances by university students in the United States. There is a presumption that Washington state’s widespread cannabis accessibility sustains and potentially exacerbates existing higher education student substance use, which in turn influences academic performance and conduct. Therefore, this study examined and presents findings from university students about their perceptions and experiences related to cannabis usage (e.g., frequency and quantity usage rates) and recreational cannabis legalization using a single site and mixed method assessment. University undergraduate students were found to have statistically significant increased academic and behavioral problems associated with more frequent cannabis usage and higher dosage levels.
Students across all samples expressed perceived benefits from cannabis consumption that were associated with improved socialization, relaxation, and reduced levels of anxiety. More than four out of ten students who reported consuming cannabis products used cannabis for pain reduction, yet more than 90% of these students were not utilizing prescribed medicinal cannabis. These results suggested that substantial numbers of students were self-medicating for pain, as well as a host of other medical issues identified by the students.
Conversely, some students indicated negative effects connected with their cannabis consumption practices. Students who participated in the individual interviews reported durational effects related to cannabis consumption that resulted in problematic daily life memory and cognitive verbal communication difficulties. The problems included vocal incoherence, unintended statements, and the inability to express their views or needs. These outcomes were confirmatory in relation to similar results revealed in the in-class and online student samples.Washington State University, Criminal Justic
Council circles in a modern world
No full textCouncils, or talking circles, have long been valued by indigenous cultures as the practice for building community and consensus, making decisions, and recognizing the significance of relationships. A Council Circle is a formalized structure of communication that has many modern progeny, including classroom management strategies, civil dialogue forums, and therapy. Frequently, non-indigenous Council Circles in North America pay homage to the tribal origins of the practice. Several native tribes continue to teach and provide insight into these forms of communication and governance. This paper (the first of a series) will briefly highlight the differences between Eurocentric and indigenous communication and then provide experienced facilitators with some of the traditional structures inherent in circles. Resources are identified in the cited references
Phytophthora crown, collar, and root rot of apple and cherry
No full textPhytophthora rots can girdle the scion (collar rot), damage the rootstock just below the soil surface (crown rot), and cause necrosis and death of fine roots (root rot). While generally considered a larger problem in rain-fed growing regions with heavy soils, Phytophthora problems occur in Washington, especially where irrigation water carries the pathogen or where irrigation and overhead cooling practices create wet soil conditions for extended periods. Multiple species of Phytophthora have been implicated in crop damage with P. cactorum and P. syringae two of the more significant species. P. cambivora and P. citricola have also been isolated in Washington from symptomatic trees
Tale of a Test Pit: The research history of a midden column from the Turkey Pen site, Utah
No full textPresented at the Society for American Archaeology Annual Meeting. In 1972 R.G. Matson and a small crew excavated a dry, stratified midden at a Pueblo Cliff Dwelling site in Grand Gulch, as part of the Cedar Mesa Project. Materials from the column (excavated and kept intact) and the matrix surrounding it (bagged separately by layer) are curated at Washington State University’s Museum of Anthropology and have been used in numerous projects on topics ranging from turkey husbandry, to paleonutrition, to maize genetics, to early tattoo practices. The wealth of information derived from the contents of this 50 x 50 x 170cm column, analyzed using a variety of traditional and advanced techniques, has helped to shape the way we view preceramic agricultural populations of the northern Southwest. Here we will detail the history of research at Turkey Pen Ruin focusing on studies utilizing this test pit, buoyed by the encouragement to research and openly share research related to Cedar Mesa, emphasizing the scientific potential of well-maintained organic deposits as museum collections, and culminating in the definition of a new Basketmaker II variant resulting from study of this collection nearly five decades following its original excavation
