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Provincial healthcare expenditures and household spending: Impact on life expectancy trends in Canada
No full textLife expectancy reflects a multitude of factors and mirrors the cultural, social, economic, and health conditions prevalent in a society. Calculated at birth, life expectancy is the average number of years an individual anticipates living. The focus of this inquiry is to understand the distinctive contributions of public healthcare expenditures and household healthcare costs in individual Canadian provinces and their implications for life expectancy trend. A random effects regression approach to panel data model, which assumes individual differences are random and not correlated with the independent variables, was applied to analyze the relationship between independent variables, public healthcare expenditure, household healthcare spending, , education levels on life expectancy as dependent variable. Data were collected for nine Canadian provinces, grouped according to life expectancy, public healthcare expenditure, household healthcare spending, , and education levels, over 16 years (2007-2022). Results show a positive correlation between household healthcare spending, , and education levels with life expectancy, while there is a negative correlation between public healthcare expenditure and life expectancy. The findings of this study suggest the need for efficient allocation of public health funds, support for household healthcare expenditures, economic growth, and investment in education to improve health outcomes. Policymakers may consider these findings to formulate comprehensive strategies that address the diverse determinants of health and enhance the overall well-being of Canadians.
Keywords: life expectancy, public healthcare expenditure, household healthcare spendin
Forage fish provisioning pelagics off Grand Manan, and guidance for fisheries management
No full textMigrant Atlantic herring frequent Grand Manan waters, a major regional trophic hub, providing forage for seabirds, dolphins and other animals. Predators reveal much about the availability of the prey they eat. Publicly accessible monitoring data illustrate linkages between razorbill chick diets and juvenile herring via weir-fishery landings. Having been overfished, the status of extra-regional Gulf of Maine herring is dire, seemingly without institutional resolution. Many people hope that ocean ‘literacy’ ‒ increased marine scientific knowledge in individuals across society at large ‒ will guide legislative and bureaucratic institutions to be more responsible, take ethical actions and demonstrate accountability with respect to marine ecosystem conservation
Who has seen the wind? A natural history of storm winds in Nova Scotia, 1957-2024
No full textThe natural history of storm winds is described for Nova Scotia from the late 1950s to 2024. The overall pattern was a decline from greater storm frequency and intensity in the 1960s to minimal levels 2000-2011, and a subsequent return to levels experienced in the 1970s and 1980s. Patterns were consistent in five wind metrics: (1) maximum provincial wind gust; (2) mean of annual wind maximum from the five sites; (3) annual mean of monthly maxima; (4) number of storm days (i.e., wind ≥ 75 km h-1); and (5) number of months per year with maximum wind ≥ 75 km h-1). Linear regression equations were significant in both the declining and increasing years. These results are consistent with continent-wide wind stilling and recovery. Despite significant temperature increases since 1998 and an increase in wind metrics since the early 2000s, the overall relationship between wind and tempera-ture since the 1950s has been negative. These results are discussed in light of oceanographic events including periods of La Niña, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and the development of ocean hotspots. Increasing winter temperatures and winds are predicted to have a negative effect on plant communities along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia.
Keywords: Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, climate change, ocean hotspots, storms, wind stillin
Une lecture intertextuelle de Bled de Tierno Monénembo
No full textBased on the notion of intertextuality developed by Riffaterre (1979) and Genette (1982), this article examines the ways in which Tierno Monénembo\u27s novel Bled enters into dialogue with other texts. Defined as ‘the reader\u27s perception of the relationship between a work and others that preceded or followed it’ (Riffaterre 4), intertextuality makes it easier to understand Monénembo\u27s novel. By referring to Kateb Yacine\u27s Nedjma, Monénembo shows that the Islamism that remains the narrative juice of Bled has already been the subject of literature. However, his invocation of Nâzim Hikmet, Jules Renard and the Koran helps to criticise religious radicalism by promoting freedom, tolerance, acceptance and respect for others despite their differences and religious beliefs.À partir de la notion d’intertextualité développée par Riffaterre (1979) et Genette (1982), cet article se propose d’étudier les modalités par lesquelles le roman Bled de Tierno Monénembo dialogue avec d’autres textes. Définie comme « la perception, par le lecteur, de rapports entre une oeuvre et d’autres, qui l’ont précédée ou suivie » (Riffaterre 4), l’intertextualité permet de faciliter la compréhension de ce roman de Monénembo. Par le renvoi à Nedjma de Kateb Yacine, Monénembo montre que l’islamisme qui reste le suc narratif de Bled a déjà fait l’objet d’une littérature. Cependant, la convocation de Nâzim Hikmet, Jules Renard et du Coran contribue à critiquer le radicalisme religieux en promouvant la liberté, la tolérance, l’acception et le respect de l’autre malgré sa différence, ses convictions religieuses
La mémoire tourmentée dans Un rêve utile
No full textThis article examines the narrative and enunciative strategies employed in Tierno Monénembo\u27s novel Un rêve utile to portray an ongoing traumatic memory. The study reveals that the narration presents a fractured, blocked, repetitive, and intrusive memory, highlighting the image of a narrator tormented by the memory of his father\u27s hanging during the dictatorship of “Boubou Blanc” in a country called “Gui...”. Confronted with the challenges of truth, justice, and the “duty of memory,” Monénembo aims, through this work, to unveil the dark side of the First Republic of Guinea and symbolically render justice to the victims of the dictatorship by honoring their memory.Cet article examine les stratégies narratives et énonciatives déployées, dans le roman Un rêve utile de Tierno Monénembo, pour performer une mémoire traumatique à l’oeuvre. L’étude montre que la narration donne à lire une mémoire fracturée, bloquée, répétitive et intrusive, d’où ressort l’image d’un narrateur tourmenté par le souvenir de la pendaison de son père, pendant la dictature de « Boubou Blanc », dans un pays appelé « Gui… ». Face à des enjeux de vérité, de justice et de « devoir de mémoire », Monénembo entend, avec cette oeuvre, dévoiler le côté sombre de la première République de Guinée et rendre symboliquement justice aux victimes de la dictature, en honorant leur mémoire