USURJ: University of Saskatchewan Undergraduate Research Journal
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Clear speech and phonological typology: A case study of Tashlhiyt Berber
No full textInternational audienceClear speech is a type of listener-oriented, intelligibility-enhancing mode of speaking. It has been shown to enhance the perceptibility of many different types of phonological contrasts, cross-linguistically. An open question is whether all phonological contrasts are enhanced to an equivalent extent in clear speech. In the current study, we ask whether rarer phonological patterns receive less of a clear speech intelligibility boost, relative to more common phoneme contrasts. Tashlhiyt Berber is an Afroasiatic language spoken in Morocco. Tashlhiyt has been well studied for having typologically uncommon phonotactic properties. This study examines the effect of clear speech on the discrimination of rarer lexical contrasts in Tashlhiyt Berber. We predict that the more typologically uncommon contrasts (e.g., word pairs containing complex and geminate initial onsets) will have a smaller increase in perceptibility from casual to clear speech than more common contrasts (e.g., singleton contrasts). Furthermore, native and naive listeners’ (here, American English speakers) discrimination of these contrasts across speech styles is also compared. Cross-language perception of clear speech provides a window to understanding the phonetic bases for cross-linguistic typological patterns
The Perception of Word-Initial Clusters in Tashlhiyt Berber
No full textInternational audienceThere is general agreement among phonologists that the most common and unmarked syllable type is universally CV, a syllable that has no coda and whose onset is not complex. For languages that have consonant clusters in the onset position, there are commonalities in the restrictions that the clusters obey. On top of these are sonority principles that disallow not only clusters with non-rising profile (SSP, Selkirk, 1984; Clements, 1990; Blevins, 1995) but also those that are not maximally distinct (sonority distance, sonority dispersion). We here present the results of a recent study which aimed to explore whether clear speech enhances the intelligibility of word-initial consonant sequences in similar ways as for more typologically common singleton onsets. Clear speech is characterized by a variety of acoustic modifications relative to casual speech, such as slowing the speech rate and producing more extreme articulatory movements (see Picheny et al. 1986, Cohn & Zellou 2021, Cohn et al. 2022, among others). In Tashlhiyt, we compared clear and casual speech productions of the perception of a three-way word-initial contrast: singleton consonant (e.g. sin ‘two’, lan ‘they have’, dar ‘at’), consonant cluster with varied sonority profiles (e.g. fsin ‘they untied’, flan ‘someone’, ʁdar ‘in+at’) and geminate (e.g. ssin ‘with two’, llan ‘they exist’, ddan ‘they went’). We also measured their acoustic properties in both clear and casual speech
Word minimality, weight and sensitivity to onsets in French hypocoristics
No full textInternational audienceOne of the main aspects of the hypocoristic formations that has attracted the attention of phonologists relates to the truncation processes they undergo. Proponents of the prosodic hypothesis (McCarthy & Prince 1986 et seq., Nespor & Vogel 1986, Selkirk 1981) argue that these processes obeys a minimality condition, which is defined in terms of the authentic units of prosody (μ, σ, Ft, ω): A well-formed prosodic word must contain at least one binary foot at the moraic or syllabic level, depending on the language (see among others Mester 1990 on Japanese, Plenat 1982, 1999 and Nelson 1998 on French, Colina 1996, Piñeros 2000, Plénat 2003 and Torres-Tamarit 2021 on Spanish). This presentation combines the strict CV approach to syllable structure (Lowenstamm 1996) with the Word Minimality hypothesis. It argues that the shape of the truncated forms in French can be analyzed without appeal to any prosodic hierarchy: no moras, no syllables, no feet. The forms use two CV units, which correspond to the minimal domain where Proper Government holds, hence the Minimal Word
Case study sulle nuove forme di lavoro nel New Normal: le sfide del lavoro in presenza e da remoto sul benessere e identità dei lavoratori in una piccola azienda italiana
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An Interactive Modular System for Electrophysiological DMIs
No full textInternational audienceWe present an interactive modular system built in Cycling '74 Max and interfaced with Grame's FAUST for the purpose of analyzing, processing and mapping electrophysiological signals to sound. The system architecture combines an understanding of domain-specific (biophysiological) signal processing techniques with a flexible, modular and user-friendly interface. We explain our design process and decisions towards artistic usability, while maintaining a clear electrophysiological data flow. The system allows users to customize and experiment with different configurations of sensors, signal processing and sound synthesis algorithms, and has been tested in a range of different musical settings from user studies to concerts with a diverse range of musicians. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → User studies; • Applied computing → Sound and music computing; Performing arts
Les enseignant-chercheurs libanais en ubiquité professionnelle : des opportunistes ou des stratèges ?
No full textInternational audienceCe travail a pour objectif d’étudier les causes de l’ubiquité professionnelle exercée par les enseignant-chercheurs libanais qui associent le travail académique à l’activité entrepreneuriale. Les travaux portant sur l’acadépreneuriat et sur l’intention d’entreprendre permettent d’apporter un éclaircissement sur notre problématique de recherche. Une étude qualitative effectuée auprès de 11 individus a abouti à des résultats prenant en compte la singularité de la culture libanaise et de l’enseignement supérieur libanais
On Some Myths about Ricardo’s Theory of Money
No full textInternational audienceThe purpose of the chapter is to challenge two widely-held myths about Ricardo’s theory of money and to suggest another view in which the relationship between the value and the quantity of money owes nothing to a commodity-theory of money (Section 2) or to the Quantity Theory of Money (Section 3) but puts the market price of the standard of money centre-stage (Section 4). Ricardo’s applied pronouncements on money then appear as direct consequences of this theory (Section 5)
Density of mode-locking property for quasi-periodically forced Arnold circle maps
No full textMinor corrections are madeWe show that the mode-locking region of the family of quasi-periodically forced Arnold circle maps with a topologically generic forcing function is dense. This gives a rigorous verification of certain numerical observations in \cite{DGO} for such forcing functions. More generally, under some general conditions on the base map, we show the density of the mode-locking property among dynamically forced maps (defined in \cite{Zha}) equipped with a topology that is much stronger than the topology, compatible with smooth fiber maps. For quasi-periodic base maps, our result generalizes the main results in \cite{ABD, WZJ, Zha}