USURJ: University of Saskatchewan Undergraduate Research Journal
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Une adaptation (infra)structurelle ? Des ingénieurs face aux inondations dans la banlieue de Dakar
No full textInternational audienceThrough an ethnography of the recurrent floods that have hit the Senegalese capital since the end of the 1980s, I question the city’s adaptation policies related to environmental transformations occurring at a planetary scale. In following the engineers, project managers, and hydrologists engaged in the construction of a drainage infrastructure aimed at mitigating floods at the level of the suburbs of Dakar, I describe three operations essential to the realisation of this type of project. First and foremost is the simplification of the city’s landscape into a hydrographic network. Next is the modelling of the drainage network at the city level. Finally, there are the processes of eviction/compensation of the city’s inhabitants who get in the way of the infrastructure’s development. In the field of infrastructure studies, my approach is original in that it is interested in the realisation of the infrastructure, and not only in its (dis)functioning. In the field of urban studies, it questions the city’s policies of adaptation to the new climate regime, highlighting both the imprint of professional views on the forms of this adaptation and the political and social costs of these policies.À travers une ethnographie des inondations récurrentes que subit la capitale sénégalaise depuis la fin des années 1980, je questionne les politiques d'adaptation de la ville aux transformations environnementales en cours à l'échelle planétaire. En suivant les ingénieurs, chefs de projet et hydrologues engagés dans la réalisation d'une infrastructure de drainage à l'échelle de la banlieue de Dakar, je décris trois opérations essentielles à la réalisation de ce type de projet : tout d'abord, la simplification du paysage de la ville en un réseau hydrographique, ensuite, la modélisation du réseau de drainage à l'échelle de la ville, enfin, le processus d'éviction/compensation des habitants de la ville qui « gênent » le passage de l'infrastructure. Dans le champ des infrastructure studies , ma démarche présente l'originalité de s'intéresser à la réalisation de cette infrastructure, et pas seulement à ses (dys)fonctionnements. Dans celui des études urbaines, elle questionne les politiques d'adaptation de la ville au nouveau régime climatique, en mettant en évidence à la fois l'empreinte de « regards professionnels » sur les formes de cette adaptation et les coûts politiques et sociaux de ces politiques
Familiar in Many Shapes: A Historical (and Contemporary) Overview of Museums in Native American Country
No full textInternational audienceDiscussions of the role of museums in Native lives and communities often overestimate their alienness in Native American country. This institution is instead, I propose, quietly familiar and should be studied as such. A view of the problem from a Dakota/Lakota reservation emphasizes the very diverse presence in Native lives of the museum as a means of producing culture and identities. It shows how networks of local actors developed museum-like forms of exhibition of Native cultural artifacts that irrigated reservation life. From the powwow to school outings, window cases in shops to exhibits inside Native homes, from employment in museums to the building of private collections by tribal members, museums inspired and sponsored myriads of practices, some intimate, others very much public-oriented. Familiar, even if regularly contested, museum-like practices have always been appropriated from within relationships that tied together craftspeople and artists and their families, on the one hand, and discrete institutions, rather than "museums" in general, on the other. I reconstitute this history through vignettes centered on the Standing Rock reservation that emphasize the importance of replacing museums in regional geographies, and the living tradition of creating local and community-oriented museal institutions in Native country
Trouver du sens dans son travail : des aspirations alliant l’individuel et le collectif
No full textL’individu construit du sens dans son travail en fonction de ses aspirationsindividuelles, des contraintes du travail et de la structure qui l’emploie,mais dans une quête croissante de conciliation entre ses sphères de vie.De quelles manières les individus perçoivent-ils leur travail à la croiséede leurs aspirations individuelles et de leurs valeurs personnelles ?Comment ces éléments d’ordre personnel se conjuguent-ils avec des évolutionsorganisationnelles, collectives et sociétales
Numérisation urbaine : de la gestion des effets rebond à la défiance envers les bifurcations
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Le massacre dans la peau : corps et corpus dans The Farming of Bones d’Edwige Danticat
No full textInternational audienceThe Farming of Bones (1998), Edwidge Danticat’s second novel, is a work of historical fiction that recounts one of the bloodiest episodes in the history of the island of Hispaniola: the 1937 massacre of thousands of Haitian immigrants ordered by the Dominican president of the time, Rafael Leónidas Trujillo. Danticat’s text is critically acclaimed for its testimonial character, because it gives voice and visibility to the forgotten victims of this drama. However, the analysis of the treatment of the body – a notion that is presented as a creative material at the service of the rhetoric of the novel – reveals that the poetics of this text goes beyond the collective testimony. This paper attempts to relate the discourse of the body to the themes of the body in the text in order to read the disintegration of the fictional body as a metaphor for a desire to transcend the notion of “race” in the American literary field.The Farming of Bones (1998), deuxième roman d’Edwidge Danticat, est une oeuvre de fiction historique qui relate un des épisodes les plus sanglants de l’Histoire de l’île d’Hispaniola : le massacre en 1937 de plusieurs milliers d’immigrants haïtiens ordonné par le président dominicain de l’époque, Rafael Leónidas Trujillo. Le texte de Danticat est acclamé par la critique pour son caractère testimonial, parce qu’il redonne voix et visibilité aux victimes oubliées de ce drame. Mais, l’analyse du traitement du corps – notion, qui se présente comme un matériau de création au service de la rhétorique du roman – révèle que la poétique de ce texte va au-delà du témoignage collectif. Le présent article tente de mettre en relation le discours sur le corps et les thématiques du corps dans le texte pour lire la désintégration du corps fictif comme une métaphore d’un désir de transcendance de la notion de « race » dans le champ littéraire étatsunien
Le Soi entre incarnation et présence online/offline [Editorial]
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The SOLID Model of Accessibility and Its Use by the Public Transport Operators
No full textInternational audiencePublic transport could be the only transport means for some people, in particular those with disabilities. Accessibility of public transports is thus essential to enable everyone to participate in the society, for example by accessing to employment, healthcare and leisure activities. Legislative framework and regulations ensure minimum accessibility standards, but are not always enough to ensure effective accessibility. In this paper, the SOLID model of accessibility and its main components are presented. This model has been developed through public consultations and experiments with people with visual impairment, and then refined through experiments with other populations and discussions with public transport companies. Then the paper presents examples of usage of the model for improvements in public transports in and out of the disability context. This illustrates how the model is a useful tool to identify accessibility issues and propose solutions in different domains such as architecture, vehicle design, traveller information or smartphone application. The paper also demonstrates how research on disability is relevant to work on the general human condition
