Toronto Metropolitan University Open Journals
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Assessing Economic Viability of Fuel Cell and Battery Hybrid Propulsion in Recreational Boats: Incorporating Degradation Rate in Batteries
No full textThe maritime sector has been exploring hybrid fuel cell/battery systems as an alternative solution to reduce exhaust gas emissions in compliance with regulations from the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This study presents a system model that incorporates fuel cells and batteries and simulates the entire hybrid system for low-power boats. The results show the reduction in range due to battery degradation at the end of the system\u27s lifetime, with reduction ratios ranging from 0.21% to 10% depending on the scenario. The electricity production costs with green hydrogen utilization are higher than using shore electricity, but blue and grey hydrogen utilization show potential for reducing fuel costs. The FC utilization increases the range of the boat, leading to reduced electricity production costs in configurations where hydrogen is the supplementary energy source. Grey hydrogen utilization shows promising economic results compared to shore electricity, with a break-even cost of 2.167 $/kg. However, further comprehensive economic analyses considering levelized energy costs and payback periods of fuel cells are necessary. Overall, this study highlights the potential benefits and challenges of integrating fuel cells and batteries in hybrid systems for maritime applications.
 
Forced Heat Convection Analysis and Entropy Production of CoFe2O4/H2O Nanofluid Flow in a Channel with Wavy Tape under Laminar Regime
No full textThe main aim of the study is to investigate the impact of wavy tape geometry and magnetic nanofluid on thermal and hydraulic characteristic under a laminar flow regime. In this direction, it was examined numerically for convection heat transfer and flow behaviors of CoFe2O4/H2O flowing with 1% volume fraction in a circular channel with different wavy tape forms. This work has conducted the analyses for fully developed flow under uniform and constant heat flux conditions of 2000 W/m2. The analyzes have been implemented with Reynolds numbers ranging from 500 to 2000. All analysis have been carried out using laminar model and single-phase approach. Finally, heat transfer ratio and Darcy friction factor was gained for the tube with wavy tape amplitude of wave ratio (y=h/w) of 4. On the other hand, it was observed that average Nusselt number and Darcy friction factor values are suitable with the literature. The best heat transfer performance value was achieved at Re=2000. Besides, it was obtained that the Darcy friction factor decreased with increasing Reynolds number, while maximum total entropy generation was reached for CoFe2O4/H2O flow having 1% volume fraction in tube with wavy tape
What would it take? A plea to reassess our hospitality practices as a global health issue
No full textEditoria
A Matrix of Documentary VR: A Model for the Integrated Consideration of Artistic Choices, Technical Possibilities, Viewer Engagement and Curatorial Practice
No full textIs there something like a Virtual Reality documentary or is VR already leaving the realm of filmic representation? Where is the difference between a VR film and a VR experience, how can the 360-degree film be classified in this spectrum? Can both real-life VR and computer-generated projects be labelled as documentaries? Is non-fictional VR also allowing a kind of collaboration or cooperation as known from web documentaries, or are the projects finished works that exhaust themselves in the unique reception? Are VR projects used for exchange between human individuals or only for interaction between humans and machines (and their program flow)? The paper would like to pursue these fundamental questions, as they have not yet been fully clarified and repeatedly lead to irritation when dealing with individual examples.
The method of the talk is an evaluation and comparison of publications from the field of VR studies, integrating information science (Gutierrez 2016), media psychology (Jerald 2015, Slater et al. 2019), and film studies (Tricart 2018, Dooley 2021). In doing so, three areas should be addressed: First, the style and design of the projects (computer-generated, real, hybrid), second, how the user is addressed and incorporated (as viewer, as interactant, as collaborator) and third, the question of experience should be clarified in connection to the further development of documentary film theory, also taking into account the role of new technologies and the possibility of collaboration between users. To this end, various approaches are called for and combined into a cohesive design. In the second step, different projects as examples are used to test the design, most of which come from the collection of DOK Leipzig, the documentary film festival in Germany, having a section called Neuland dealing with digital forms. The aim is to explore the limits of the theoretical and analytical definition with the practice of producing and curating projects.
As a result of this discussion, an open matrix of possibilities with different levels of categorization will be proposed. The aim is not to find a fixed all-encompassing definition but rather to create a framework in which very different projects at the intersection of “reflection about the real world” and “use of a head-mounted display” can be integrated. One hypothesis is that such a multi-level, eclectic approach is more successful than just finding a large-scale definition that must be adapted individually for every project. This analytical matrix should serve for the further examination of examples on the different levels of design, address, and the emerging development of exploring reality via digital media concerning design and possibilities of collaboration. I want to discuss with others about this proposal to clarify the question of whether it is possible to define similarities and differences to deal with the works both in artistic and scientific discourses.
Fragments of Diary: Diaristic Practice in Moving Image’s Time and Space
No full textThe newly developing video environment offers various types of approaches to self-writing or self-making, including digital montage with less expensive and complex software, social media platforms, and personal archives as an ongoing development of self. However, the craft and process of making moving image have been less discussed in terms of their artistic value because, most of the time, the process is considered a draft that will be removed from the finished work. My Diary Project (2022-ongoing) focuses on the new meaning of diaristic practice and diagrammatic mental space in the process of making influenced by Jonas Mekas’ 365 Day Project (2007), Walden (1969), and short videos on his website, exploring the ways in which the conception of “diaristic” can be practised as an art form.
The various diaristic practices create unique ways of crafting and making that cannot be defined in a specific structure, form, or purpose that can be called a genre. The concept of the diary started from the formal documentation of events, functions, and statistics for tribal and national archives and expanded to both the private and public spheres in the twenty-first century. Now, its meaning continues to both romantic and positivist sense, personal archive or recording memories, which requires an expanded understanding as an intimate artistic practice. This quasi-public and quasi-private practice contains the expression of inner thought, the regular record of daily life, the archive of memories, and commentary on self.
Jonas Mekas saw his practice through the lens of late Romanticism and poetic expression through the on-camera-editing and recording of daily life, widening the moving image field into craftsmanship and its performative qualities beyond the filmic machine. Using fragmentary elements from the personal archive, he creates intimate sensations in a set of frame spaces. Gilles Deleuze claims that the image we see on the screen is delimited from the rest of the world, spatially and temporally, in terms of the "whole of relations" but to which each set is open. Thus, the frame generates the whole of inner relations and bursts to the outside of the frame to the viewer as a new diagram.
Bringing Mekas and Deleuze together, my project explores poetic subjectivity through my personal video archive and multi-frame experiments with a handheld camera, diaristic expression, and representation of the whole. This method attempts to create a new diagrammatic relation between fragments of times, places, and self in daily life, questioning what new types of relational inner space those diaristic practices can make and what the relationship between the fragmentation of continuous and discontinuous time and space in the cinematic frame can be recontextualised in the concept of the diagram. In doing so, it not only traces the new meaning of the diaristic practice but also challenges ways of collecting and using the videos in cinematic practice both online and in the experiment, Diary Project (2022-ongoing). Finally, it expands the notion of the personal diary to the “fragmentations in diagram” in terms of expanding video frames in diaristic moving image practice
Co-Creation in Community-based Storytelling: Insights from Practice-Based Research of an Interactive Documentary with the Salako Community
No full textThe emergence of immersive media and new technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (MR) has contributed to the shift in interactive documentary and community-based storytelling practices. Under the umbrella term known as Extended Reality (XR), the new technologies intervene with and provide the author with a space to negotiate authorship of interactive documentaries in a co-creation setting with the Salako community in Malaysia.
Malaysia is a country in the Southeast Asia region. It occupies the Malay Peninsula and part of the Island of Borneo. There are over 120 different communities in Malaysia, and Sarawak, the largest state, has the most diverse communities. The Salako community migrated from West Kalimantan Province of the Indonesian Borneo to Pueh, Sarawak, in the 1870s due to political and geographical reasons. Today, the Salako community members are still involved in farming, and they perform various rituals to seek blessings to avoid harm to their crops.
This study investigates the Salako community\u27s storytelling practices in Pueh, Sarawak. It focuses on the co-creation of an interactive documentary storytelling of the paddy farming rituals among the community. Furthermore, it also aims to understand the dynamic relationship negotiated by the author and the community members. Therefore, the questions guiding the study can be framed as follows: How can practice-based research be used in negotiating collaboration with the Salako community? What insights can the author learn from the Salako community that contributes to the creative research practice?
The study considers the concept of rhizome, introduced by French philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, as an approach to decolonising storytelling structure in the co-creation of community-based storytelling with the Salako community. The conceptual and theoretical framework bring together recent studies on community-based storytelling and empirical evidence on interactive documentaries and co-creation with a focus on community storytelling practices.
The author engages practice-based research as the creative research practice in this study. In the interactive documentary titled Listening to the Salako: Voices of the Paddy and Human, the author will share the creative research process involved in the initial phase of the study. Highlighting the observations and perspectives drawn from the interactive documentary storytelling project with the Salako community, the article offers insights into understanding the nexus of care, collaboration and craft. In addition, it also looks at how practice-based research is used in community engagement and the negotiation of authorship through a participatory design process with the Salako community in Malaysia.
In this study, the author argues that while practice-based research is central to navigating the layers of complexity in community engagement, the element of care, collaboration and craft present additional dimensions that can further unpack and contribute to the understanding of creative research practice. The article ends with a discussion of the impact and implications of practice-based research in empowering both the author and the Salako community in negotiating collaboration in the co-creation of the interactive documentary, Listening to the Salako: Voices of the Paddy and Human
Voltage Control and Harmonics Investigation on Loads Supplied by Off-Grid Solar Power Plant
No full textBu araştırmada, şebekeden bağımsız bir güneş enerjisi santralinden beslenen yüklerde gerilim kontrolü ve harmoniklerin azaltılması ele alınmıştır. Solar gerilim doğru akımdan alternatif akıma çevrildikten sonra yük üzerindeki gerilim 380V/50Hz\u27de sabit tutulmaya çalışılmıştır. Burada kullanılan 2 seviyeli evirici 2DOFPI üzerinden kontrol edilmekte ve Darbe Genişlik Modülasyonu (PWM) için gerekli olan anahtarlama sinyalleri üretilmektedir. Bu arada gerilimdeki harmonikler uluslararası standartlara uygun olarak %5\u27in altına düşürülmeye çalışılmıştır. Böylece yük gerilimi ve harmonikleri ayarlanarak temiz enerji sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Sistem güneş panelleri, filtreler, inverter, inverter kontrol ünitesi, yükler ve ölçüm elemanlarından oluşmaktadır. Çevreyi modellemek için güneş ışığı seviyesi sürekli olarak değiştirildi
A Techno-economic Analysis of Large-Scale Hydrogen Production from Wind Energy
No full textThe techno-economic assessment of large-scale grid and wind-electrolyser-hydrogen production systems for 3 locations in the South Marmara region is performed. The unit cost of hydrogen is calculated by the present-value method. The optimum size of the electrolyzer for alkaline, PEM and SOEC technology was determined regarding recorded wind speed data in the regions where we performed analysis for. The effects of CAPEX, net discount rate and efficiency on unit-hydrogen cost were investigated by sensitivity analysis. According to the analysis of 3 locations by 1MW scale electrolyser technology, the Gökçeada location has more advantageous cost, followed by Çanakkale and Bandırma. The unit low and high production costs of hydrogen with alkaline, PEM and SOEC technologies were calculated as 4,98-5,65, and 2.99-3.19 for alkaline and $2.82-3.44 for PEM in 2035, with a difference quite close
Investigation of pilot injection strategy effect on performance and emissions of dual-fuel engine
No full textThe dual-fuel combustion is a promising technique for methane utilization in internal combustion. This mode has the potential to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. However, this mode presents some deficits at low loads, especially concerning unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions. In the current study, experimental research was conducted to investigate the effect of diesel injection strategy, including single and split injections, on the performance and emissions of a methane/diesel dual-fuel engine
Drag Reduction of a Generic Transport Vehicle Using Fluidic Oscillator
No full textBase blowing is performed using a Sweeping Jet actuator centrally located at the base of a square-back Ahmed body. Drag reduction along with a significant effect in terms of wake RSB mode suppression is reported for such fluid injection. All three scales of fluidic actuation exhibit similar wake bistability suppression characteristics. RSB mode suppression is also corroborated through independent force measurements