Toronto Metropolitan University Open Journals
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Synthesis of Activated Carbon From Biomass and Its Hydrochar
No full textActivated carbon has been shown as a good candidate in adsorption thermal energy storage applications due to its porous structure, controllable pore size distribution, thermal stability, good electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, and oxygen-rich functional groups. This study includes the preparation of activated carbon from hazelnut shells and hazelnut shell hydrochars, and the comparison of the textural and thermal properties of those activated carbons. First, hydrothermal carbonization temperature and retention time were optimized. Hydrochar of lowest H/C atomic ratio and highest O/C ratio was selected as the precursor for the preparation of activated carbon. Both precursors were activated at 800 °C using KOH for 1 h activation time. The properties of activated carbons were compared by using characterization techniques including elemental analysis, FTIR, BET, TGA and DSC. In the last part of the study, the textural properties of activated carbons used in adsorption thermal energy storage systems were compiled and compared with the textural properties of activated carbons obtained from hazelnut shells and hazelnut shell hydrochar. According to DSC analysis, both activated carbons with high moisture adsorption capacity can be used in the adsorption cooling system by pairing them with a suitable adsorbate
A Strategy To Predict Early Thermal Runaway Event In Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Molecular Dynamics And Machine Learning Modelling
No full textLithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are a breakthrough towards sustainability and solving climate change problem. They have been utilized across industries in recent times which expands from electronic, mobility and electric vehicles, and other energy storage systems. It has been experimentally and numerically observed that lithium-ion intercalation induced stress, thermal loading, and phase transition can cause capacity fade and local fractures in the electrode materials. These fractures are one of the major degradation mechanisms in the Lithium-ion batteries and can potentially lead to serious accidents such thermal runaway (TR). After decades of work on LIBs, TR is still a major challenge in the Lithium-ion battery field as its uncontrollable and irreversible behavior can lead to fires and explosion in some of the cases. Despite manufacturing cells using the same process, there still can be differences between them and so it is not very easy to predict thermal runaway incidents accurately. This paper highlights a strategy which uses multiscale modelling along with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and how it can be extended to predict thermal runaway incidents very early on
Proposal of Methanation Reciprocating Engine (MeRE)
No full textMethanation, which synthesizes methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen, has a potential to be an important core technology for realizing a carbon-neutral society. In the methanation process, a catalyst is normally used, but thermal degradation of catalysts has become a problem, and countermeasures are needed. Thus, we have proposed a catalyst-free methanation reactor that simulates an internal combustion engine. We call it a Methanation Reciprocating Engine (MeRE), where up-and-down motion of the piston inside the engine creates a high-temperature, high-pressure field inside the cylinder that is suitable for methanation reactions. In this study, we conducted a 0-dimensional simulation by a program package, Chemkin-II. To investigate the effectiveness and optimal operating conditions of our proposed system, we used an ICEN code (Internal Combustion Engine) and changed the initial temperature and the compression ratio
Finite Element Modelling to Design a Concrete Dual-Probe – An Innovative Tool for Monitoring the Drying of Concrete
No full textThe measurement of moisture in concrete has been of interest for many years due to the potentially devastating consequences of moisture problems within buildings. A range of techniques are available to measure the moisture content of concrete floors, such as concrete moisture meters, relative humidity probes and calcium chloride tests [1]. However, all these techniques have the limitation that they either measure the moisture content of the top inch of concrete or relative humidity inside concrete or vapor emissions from the surface of the concrete floor. To measure the moisture content at any depth in the concrete floor, an innovative ‘concrete’ dual-probe has been developed. Essentially, a short pulse of electrical energy is applied to a wire within the ‘heating’ needle. A separate ‘temperature sensor’ needle, which incorporates a calibrated Pt1000, records the resulting maximum temperature rise in the concrete at a certain distance from the heating needle from which the moisture content can be deduced. The most important benefit of the concrete dual-probe approach is that it can either monitor the concrete floor’s drying process during the building’s construction or measure the moisture content of the concrete floor after the building has been occupied. The moisture content of the concrete floor can be measured simply by burying the concrete dual-probe inside the concrete floor during construction. Extensive finite element modelling was carried out to design the ‘concrete’ dual-probe and build a prototype
Production of High-Quality Cements Using Waste Ash Based on the Device of a Single Spatial Electromagnetic Field
No full textRecently, the production of high-quality building mixtures, putties, and paints has undergone intensive development, which has caused an unprecedented demand for units of various designs for grinding bulk materials. The use of materials whose particle size is commensurate with the correlation radius opens up great prospects, due to the acquisition of new properties that distinguish them from conventional ones. An important feature of functional materials is the hierarchical structure, that is, the presence of features at various levels of spatial organization. Consideration of the issues of grinding and activation of materials, obtaining nanoparticles from them is a very pressing problem. Of particular interest is the technology of grinding binders (cement, ash, soot, lime) in order to obtain high-quality cement by adding ash and slag. As well as processing ash and slag waste and extracting heavy, light and useful metals from them. The proposed method is based on the theory of spatial electromagnetic field and provides for a nonlinear dependence of the mechanical equivalent on the field energy
Studying the Influence of Tin on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Copper
No full textThe study provides an analysis of the influence of deformation modes of copper strip alloyed with tin and the influence of tin on the physical and mechanical properties. The forming of copper and copper alloys was carried out on a reversible four-roll cold rolling mill. Heat treatment of the studied alloys—annealing—was carried out in bell-type furnaces in a hydrogen environment. The results of the dependence of hardness on the degree of deformation and on the annealing temperature of copper strips are presented
Modeling and Research of a two-stator Electric motorBased on a Composite Material
No full textThe article discusses the modeling results and research results of a motor with a double stator and a magnetic core made of soft magnetic composite material. The density of magnetic components was studied and determined using the hydrostatic weighing method, which was carried out in a wide range of magnetic fields with different frequencies. A brief description and diagrams of the results of modeling a motor with a double stator and a magnetic core made of soft magnetic composite material are given.
The results of the study showed that composite materials have sufficient strength and the necessary electromagnetic properties to produce a two-stator electric motor as well as other electrical products
Finite Element Modelling of Ring and Ball Softening Point Test.
No full textIn penetration-based specifications for paving bitumen, the softening point is frequently the sole technical parameter used to govern high-temperature performance. While effective for unmodified bitumen, it presents challenges when applied to modified bitumen. Consequently, it becomes imperative to grasp the correlation between the softening point test and numerical models in such instances. The main aim of this study is to employ the Finite Element Method (FEM) via ABAQUS to conduct Numerical Modelling of the Softening Point Ring and Ball test. The objective is to assess the rheological characteristics of bitumen, with a specific focus on ensuring that the model operates within the linear viscoelastic domain.
 
Energy-Efficient Method for Producing Composite Sheets Based on Rice Straw and Gypsum
No full textВ этом исследовании изучается использование рисовой соломы в качестве армирующего материала при производстве гипсокартона, армированного целлюлозным волокном. Рисовая солома, широко распространенный побочный продукт сельского хозяйства в Узбекистане, представляет проблемы из-за своей уникальной морфологии, влияющей на прочность и долговечность композита. Для решения этих проблем были исследованы методы увеличения истинной площади контакта и удаления минеральных компонентов из рисовой соломы. Сравнительный анализ показал эффективность нового метода замачивания в растворе каустической соды, позволяющего получать качественные волокнистые изделия с перспективными характеристиками. Исследование способствует внедрению устойчивых методов строительства за счет использования сельскохозяйственных отходов для производства композитных материалов. Представлены сведения о методах переработки и комплексной оценке эффективности. В целом, это исследование вносит ценный вклад в область строительных материалов и подчеркивает потенциал использования сельскохозяйственных отходов для устойчивого развития
That’s Not Me: Latina and Black Women’s Perceptions of a Dietitian Identity and Career Selection
No full textThis qualitative case study explored young Black and Latina women’s perceptions of the dietetics major and profession. We sought to examine young Latina and Black women’s motivations and reasons why they did not choose the dietetics major and profession after exposure to the major and profession. This research as a qualitative case study was part of a larger two-year project within a health profession opportunity program at a small, private college located in an urban area in the northeastern United States. This study explored the interviews of six young Latina and Black women who decided not to enter the dietetics major. Results connect the stereotypical image of the dietitian and the beliefs around perceived requirements for a dietitian’s effectiveness in practice, the importance of role modeling for patient success, and its impact on underrepresented women of color. Recruitment and retention of underrepresented populations are discussed.