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Extraction, Indigenous Dispossession and State Power: Lessons from Standing Rock and Wet’suwet’en Resistance
No full textWhen Indigenous-led resistance to land- and water-killing projects threatens extraction, settler-colonial state and corporate institutions use security mechanisms to eliminate such “threats.” Using as case studies the pipeline conflicts of the Wet’suwet’en Nation’s (especially Unist’ot’en Camp’s) resistance to Coastal GasLink (CGL) in British Columbia (BC), Canada, and the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe’s resistance to the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) in North Dakota, United States (US), this paper explores how fossil-fuel extraction interacts with critical infrastructure (CI) securitization to further Indigenous land dispossession. I argue that although the Wet’suwet’en and Standing Rock cases both involved the state and corporations criminalizing Indigenous resistance to extraction—to uphold fossil-fuel capital interests—the Wet’suwet’en case is unique because Canadian actors attempted to pacify resistance through symbolic appeals to Indigenous rights. Indigenous communities across the world are violently oppressed for peacefully defending their water, land, and communities. However, the motives and strategies of violence are unique for every colonial jurisdiction exercising violence, and for every Indigenous community impacted. I compare and contrast the rationales and strategiesof both cases through an in-depth content analysis of passages from TigerSwan surveillance and BC Supreme Court injunction documents. I discuss my findings within theoretical debates on dispossession and securitization.
 
The Impact of COVID-19 Psychological Distress on Students\u27 Academic Challenges in University
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has introduced significant disruptions in the learning environment for many post-secondary students with many shifting entirely to remote online learning, which can compound existing academic challenges. While emerging evidence has suggested that COVID-19 impacts students’ well-being and stress, little is known about how the pandemic has affected students academically. This study investigates how different types of academic challenges mediate the relationship between students’ COVID-19 psychological distress and their academic performance. Participants (n=496) completed an online survey that measured COVID-19 psychological distress, self-reported grade point average (GPA), and academic challenges. Mediational analyses estimating indirect pathways were conducted using structural equation modelling on Mplus. Our results showed that all challenges increased along with COVID-19 distress, but specific challenges had a significant relationship with the expected GPA. We found that out of the five academic challenge areas, metacognitive, motivational, and social and emotional challenges emerged as the salient challenge areas that fully mediated the relationship between COVID-19 distress and GPA. Contrary to our prediction, while more significant COVID-19 distress predicted more social and emotional challenges, these challenges were associated to higher GPA. Future research is invited to help students manage and cope with their academic challenges
M. Beatrice Fazi, "Contingent Computation: Abstraction, Experience, and Indeterminacy in Computational Aesthetics."
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Learning Indigenous methodologies
No full textThis paper recounts the author’s own experiences as they relate to some of the key principles in the literature about Indigenous thinking and methodologies for research, learning, and teaching. Since story and situating the researcher are two Indigenous methodologies, the paper is organised around five stories of the author’s experiences learning Indigenous methodologies as she worked with an Indigenous community in Cameroon. The stories illustrate the Indigenous methodologies of relationships and decolonising, language and land, spirituality and healing, process, connectedness, and music and finally, team, respect and transformation. Purpose and responsibility for the outcomes of the research are discussed in a section that looks back over her whole experience. The paper ends with a challenge to academia to adopt Indigenous methodologies in research.
Keywords: Indigenous methodologies; Indigenous ways of teaching and learning; Indigenous research methodologies; stor
The determiner phrases in East Asian learner English
No full textThis paper aims to assist trainee or novice ESL teachers who have some knowledge of linguistic theory but little or no knowledge about the grammar of discourse- or topic-oriented languages with no article and null pronouns, including Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. Proposing an activation model for DP in these Asian languages, the properties between English determiner phrases (DP), including articles, pronouns, demonstratives, and (alienable) possessives, are compared with those in the East Asian languages. The conscious awareness of explicit knowledge about the grammar of DP in two typologically distinct languages will provide additional benefits to the teachers’ teaching in Asian contexts.
Keywords: Determiner phrase, explicit knowledge, East Asian language learners, English as second languag
An Optimality Theory account of the D-Effect in Ahtna
No full textThe D-effect is a well-studied phonological alternation in Dene languages and occurs when the D- classifier prefix precedes a consonant-initial verb stem. This paper analyzes the D-effect in Ahtna using the framework of Optimality Theory. In this paper, it is demonstrated that in Ahtna coalescence and syllable structure are used to preserve the input segments and their features in the output. It is demonstrated that a pattern that at first glance appears to be deletion, is another form of coalescence known as ‘vacuous coalescence.’ In Ahtna, full coalescence being the fusion of two segments without loss of features occurs when the resulting segment is permitted in the inventory of Ahtna. If this is not possible, then Ahtna uses syllabification and vacuous coalescence to preserve the segments. This analysis further adds data to the prediction of the D-effect in Ahtna for the patterns found in the language.
Keywords: D-effect; Dene languages; coalescence; Optimality Theor
Drilling to the Bottom of the Orphan Well Problem: Suggestions for a Better Regulatory Framework for Preventing and Remediating Orphaned Oil Wells in British Columbia
No full textWhen an oil firm goes bankrupt, its non-productive oil wells are classified as “orphans” and must be plugged and remediated by provincial regulatory bodies. The number of orphan oil wells has increased significantly in the western oil-producing provinces in the past several years. This paper examines the scope of the orphan well problem in British Columbia, policy tools used to address orphan wells in other jurisdictions, and shortcomings of British Columbia’s current regulatory framework. It considers the intersection of bankruptcy law and orphan well remediation recently addressed by the Supreme Court of Canada in Orphan Well Association v Grant Thornton Ltd, 2019 SCC 5, and makes the argument for upfront environmental bonds despite the strong environmental stance taken in that decision
Le cœur mangé à plusieurs sauces
No full textThe « eaten heart » is a scandalous meal that is to be found in literature from its very start. This story rests on various narrative configurations and topoï rooted in a triangular relationship. The heroine’s lover offers her his heart. But her husband turns it into a dish. She actually enjoys this dish but dies as soon as she finds out that she ate her lovers heart. This study follows the variations of the topos both through time and literary genres from the troubadours’s courtly poems all the way to Sade’s pervers stories. The tragical subject matter also triggered parodies, who either magnified the cannibalism or rejected the appalling meal, preferring a comical resolution. It appears however that from the Middle Ages to the dawn of Romanticism lovers show very little appetite. Their amorous communion truly transcends all greedy misfortunes of this world.Le repas cardiophage est un scandale qui habite la littérature depuis ses premiers balbutiements. Sa configuration narrative topique, met en jeu un triangle amoureux. L’amant offre son cœur. Le mari s’en saisit et le transforme en mets. L’amante le dévore, puis meurt en apprenant qu’elle a avalé le cœur de son amant. De l’érotique courtoise à la perversion sadienne, cette étude suit la variété des mises en œuvre du topos à travers les époques et les genres qui lui confèrent des saveurs fort variées. Le sujet tragique ne manque pas de susciter des parodies poussant encore plus loin le cannibalisme ou répudiant au contraire cette sombre cardiophagie au profit d’un dénouement comique. Mais, du Moyen Âge à l’aube du Romantisme, les amants s’illustrent par leur frugalité et leur union amoureuse transcende les malheurs gourmands de ce monde
