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Les enjeux du discours sur la girafe au dix-huitième siècle, des naturalistes et Buffon à François le Vaillant
No full textIn the eighteenth century, the illustrations of natural history treatises betray the complex evolution of the image of the giraffe, divergent, even contrary representations, of an animal which belongs as much to reality as to fantasy. We know it from texts whose contradictions only sharpen curiosity about this fabulous animal that no one had yet seen. The different editions of Buffon\u27s Natural History attest to the author\u27s relentlessness in resolving the difficult question of the animal\u27s horns, but also show the itinerary of a knowledge that is still evolving. It is François Le Vaillant, explorer, naturalist, ornithologist, who has the honor of finally presenting the giraffe to the scholarly community. Conquest of knowledge for the glory of science, certainly, but also intimate possession through the death of the coveted object, his account of hunting offers an unprecedented glimpse of a conquest that turns out to be as literal as scientific, the seed of other conquests to come.Au dix-huitième siècle, les illustrations des traités d’histoire naturelle trahissent l’évolution complexe de l’image de la girafe, représentations divergentes, voire contraires, d’un animal qui appartient autant au réel qu’au fantasme. On la connaît d’après des textes dont les contradictions ne font qu’aiguiser la curiosité sur cet animal fabuleux que personne alors n’avait encore vu. Les différentes éditions de l’Histoire naturelle de Buffon attestent de l’acharnement de l’auteur à résoudre la question ardue des cornes de l’animal, mais montrent aussi l’itinéraire d’un savoir toujours en évolution. C’est à François Le Vaillant, explorateur, naturaliste, ornithologue, que revient l’honneur de présenter enfin la girafe à la communauté savante. Conquête d’un savoir pour la gloire de la science, certes, mais aussi possession intime par la mort de l’objet convoité, son récit de chasse offre un aperçu inédit d’une conquête qui s’avère scientifique que littérale, le germe d’autres conquêtes à venir
Movements of Freedom in Stierl’s Migrant Resistance
No full textA book review of Maurice Stierl\u27s Migrant Resistance in Contemporary Europe, published by Routledge, 2019
Anarchist Cultural Politics in Latin America: An Introduction
No full textDr. Kirwin Shaffer is professor of Latin American Studies at The Pennsylvania State University—Berks College in Reading, Pennsylvania and a Penn State Alumni Association Teaching Fellow. He teaches courses on Latin American and Caribbean history, Latin American studies, the politics of terrorism, tyranny and freedom, global history, globalization, and global cinema. He writes on Caribbean history and the history of transnational anarchism and cultural politics in Latin America. Besides numerous journal articles and book chapters, he has published five books: A Transnational History of the Modern Caribbean: Popular Resistance across Borders (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022), Anarchists of the Caribbean: Countercultural Politics and Transnational Networks in the Age of US Expansion (Cambridge University Press, 2020/2022), Anarchist Cuba: Countercultural Politics in the Early Twentieth Century (PM Press, 2019), In Defiance of Boundaries: Anarchism in Latin American History (University Press of Florida, 2015/2017) and co-edited with Geoffroy de Laforcade Black Flag Boricuas: Anarchism, Antiauthoritarianism, and the Left in Puerto Rico, 1897-1921 (University of Illinois Press, 2013/2020). His current projects include a book chapter-length biography of Cuban anarchist Marcelo Salinas and two book projects: The World through Anarchist Eyes: Latin American Anarchism and Global History and Feeding Rebellion, Cooking Up a Revolution: The Cultural Politics of Food, Drink, and Anarchist Culinary Workers in Latin America, 1900-1960
Trade Facilitation at the Peru–Chile Land Border: Policy Impact of Digital Importation and Prearrival Declarations
No full textThis policy report examines the impact of the Peruvian Foreign Trade Public Policy implemented at the Santa Rosa Centre of Compliance (CAFSR) at the land border between Peru and Chile, presenting original research and quantitative analysis of statistics from the CAFSR at the Peruvian border collected by the National Superintendency of Customs and Tax Administration (SUNAT) from 2019 to 2022. The results show that customs compliance controls have been expedited, simplified, and modernised by both the digital importation process and mandatory prearrival customs declarations. However, the analysis calls for two further risk assessment strategies to be adopted by customs administrations in both countries. First, applying additional filters to identify fraud in prearrival customs declarations could expedite the release of low-risk consignments and help to ensure higher-risk consignments are subject to additional border restrictions. This paper suggests implementing an innovative blockchain technology that allows for the timely and accurate sharing of encrypted customs declarations to administrations in Peru and Chile. Second, upgrading infrastructure and logistics at the CAFSR could increase the capacity of the border post to facilitate increased binational trade.
This policy report was developed from a paper for the 2022 BIG Summer Institute, Trade & Customs Borders in the 21st Century, made possible by funding from the Korea Customs Service and support from the World Customs Organization.
 
