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More Than Meets the Eye: A Look at Mapuche Resistance in Chile: 2022/2023 Submission
No full textFor nearly two centuries, the state of Chile has dispossessed the Mapuche Indigenous Nation of their lands and met Mapuche resistance efforts with violence. The Mapuche have continued to resist oppression, with some groups taking more violent and direct action. In response, the Chilean government has criminalized and ostracized the Mapuche. State-sponsored media outlets have misrepresented the Mapuche, portraying them simultaneously as an internal threat to national security and as outsiders. Existing research on the Mapuche Conflict is overwhelmingly focused on instances and consequences of violent, direct action. My research challenges the dominant perspective on Mapuche resistance by examining nonviolent resistance strategies. I chronicle Mapuche resistance strategies in Chile from the Pinochet era to the present in order to demonstrate how the Mapuche mobilize in diverse, peaceful ways to realize their desired outcomes.For nearly two centuries, the state of Chile has dispossessed the Mapuche Indigenous Nation of their lands and met Mapuche resistance efforts with violence. The Mapuche have continued to resist oppression, with some groups taking more violent and direct action. In response, the Chilean government has criminalized and ostracized the Mapuche. State-sponsored media outlets have misrepresented the Mapuche, portraying them simultaneously as an internal threat to national security and as outsiders. Existing research on the Mapuche Conflict is overwhelmingly focused on instances and consequences of violent, direct action. My research challenges the dominant perspective on Mapuche resistance by examining nonviolent resistance strategies. I chronicle Mapuche resistance strategies in Chile from the Pinochet era to the present in order to demonstrate how the Mapuche mobilize in diverse, peaceful ways to realize their desired outcomes.For nearly two centuries, the state of Chile has dispossessed the Mapuche Indigenous Nation of their lands and met Mapuche resistance efforts with violence. The Mapuche have continued to resist oppression, with some groups taking more violent and direct action. In response, the Chilean government has criminalized and ostracized the Mapuche. State-sponsored media outlets have misrepresented the Mapuche, portraying them simultaneously as an internal threat to national security and as outsiders. Existing research on the Mapuche Conflict is overwhelmingly focused on instances and consequences of violent, direct action. My research challenges the dominant perspective on Mapuche resistance by examining nonviolent resistance strategies. I chronicle Mapuche resistance strategies in Chile from the Pinochet era to the present in order to demonstrate how the Mapuche mobilize in diverse, peaceful ways to realize their desired outcomes
Introduction: Border Temporalities in and Beyond Europe
No full textHow are borders and time related? Are borders shifting state lines enshrined in history, the landscape, and cultural heritage? Are borders places where new understandings of time and space can be formed? Are temporalities of borders the material appearance, transformation, and disappearance of borders or the social practices which leave us with traces of times, tidelines, phantom, or ghost borders? Have we paid enough attention to the experiences of people from different ages passing borders? This special section of Borders in Globalization Review presents twelve articles developed from papers presented on the conference on “Borders in Flux and Border Temporalities in and beyond Europe”, which was organised by the Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History (C2DH), the Transfrontier Euro-Institut Network (TEIN), and the Franco-German Jean Monnet Center of Excellence in cooperation with the UniGR-Center for Border Studies and Borders in Globalization (BIG) on 15 and 16 December 2022 in Belval, Luxembourg. The conference examined the temporal dimension of borders, borderlands, and border regions. The articles shed light on temporalities of borders by exploring the relationship between temporalities—in their broadest sense, understood as the way time is experienced and lived—on the one hand, and border practices, border discourses, and border regimes on the other. They focus on four approaches: the past, the present, the future and borders, diachronic studies of borders and border regions, age and borders, and new understandings of time and space at the border.
Keywords: borders; temporalities; border temporalities; Europe
Animal sauvage sauve enfant abandonné: L’animal comme instance de médiation entre le sauvage, l’humain et le sacré
No full textIn a series of medieval narratives in which a newborn child is adopted or abducted by a wild animal to feed and protect, the twists and turns of the adventure culminate in the reuniting of the estranged family, through a process of socialization after a journey through savagery. For some, the challenge of this voyage is access to holiness. In these texts, the topos “WILD ANIMAL SAVES ABANDONED CHILD” stems from two topical situations that it synthesizes. The first refers to stories of which a founding example for Western culture is that of the she-wolf who takes in and nurses Romulus and Remus. The second is the hagiographical account of Saint Eustace’s legend.Dans un certain nombre de récits médiévaux où un enfant nouveau-né est recueilli ou enlevé par un animal sauvage pour le nourrir et le protéger, les péripéties de l’aventure aboutissent aux retrouvailles et à la réunion de la famille séparée, à la socialisation après une traversée par la sauvagerie. Pour certains, l’enjeu de cette traversée est l’accès à la sainteté. Dans ces textes, le topos « ANIMAL SAUVAGE SAUVE ENFANT ABANDONNÉ » découle de deux situations topiques dont il fait la synthèse. La première renvoie aux récits dont un exemple fondateur pour la culture occidentale est celui de la louve qui recueille et allaite Romulus et Remus. La seconde est le récit hagiographique de la légende de saint Eustache.
 
De quelques topoï comiques liés à l\u27âne et au cheval dans Don Quichotte et Tristram Shandy
No full textIt would take much more than one paper to encompass the representations of asses and horses in comic fiction. This paper broaches the subject through the very singular ways Cervantes (in Don Quixote, 1605-1615) and Sterne (in Tristram Shandy) explored it. By stressing very specific equine representations in two explicitly linked humorous masterpieces rather than examining recurring patterns, it proposes a methodological reflexion on the articulation between the narrative topos and singularity.Interroger les représentations de l\u27âne et du cheval dans la littérature comique est un projet qui dépasse largement les limites d\u27un article. Nous le ferons donc sous l\u27angle de la singularité plutôt que de celui de la récurrence, ce qui pourrait paraître contradictoire avec la notion de topos. C\u27est à cet apparent paradoxe que cet article invite à réfléchir, en examinant les topoï chevalins à l\u27oeuvre dans Don Quichotte de Cervantès (1605-1615) et dans Tristram Shandy de Sterne (1759-1767), deux romans à la fois liés l\u27un à l\u27autre (par la référence à Cervantès revendiquée par Sterne) et extrêmement singuliers dans leur manière d\u27évoquer l\u27âne et le cheval.Cet article propose donc moins une enquête topique traditionnelle, où il s’agirait de repérer des occurrences de topoi pour la plupart très anciens, qu’une réflexion méthodologique sur deux œuvres extrêmement originales : comment penser la singularité en termes de topique narrative ?
 
The Mormon Trail: A Unique Phenomenon?
No full textContemporary scholars focusing on Mormonism continue to compare the Mormon Trail to the Israelite Exile, as well as emphasising that the trail was more of an anomaly compared to the Oregon and California trails. This notion is explored in this paper and aims to prove that Mormon tradition and collective memory has been changed to fit this comparison. As a result of focusing solely on the differences of the Mormon Trail between other trails, scholars have neglected to include it within the pattern of westward migrations during the 19th century. This paper aims to do the above, thereby situating The Mormon Trail within the context of the large migration patterns that occurred during the 19th century, as well as outlining aspects that make the trail distinct. While the Mormon trail indeed exhibited differences from the other trails, it must be mentioned that some commonalities can be found. The trail however, proves to be unique in the context of the Mormon faith and family organisation. Difficulties with travelling, responses to violence and the persecution of their faith, were some of the elements that set the Mormons apart from the other migration trails explored in this paper. The importance that the family played along the trek to Utah is also delved into. Children often assisted with various tasks on the journey. The role that diseases such as Scurvy and Cholera played in these westward migrations is also explored, which proves to be a linking factor between the Oregon, California and Mormon trails
Mobilizing Passions: Ideology, Incoherence, and Fascism in Cinema
No full textFascism, as protean and self-contradictory as it is toxic, presents a unique challenge to political analysis. This article is a critique of conceptions of “ideology” in film theory which prove especially inadequate to the challenge of accounting for the phenomena of fascism, past and present. The study of ideology according to the canons of twentieth-century film theory, it is argued, must give way to theories of affects and affordances that can account for the unstable polysemy of narrative film in these times. Three films are singled out as exemplary of the ways in which cinema affords fascist affects an opportunity to transmit themselves: Taxi Driver (1976), Fight Club (1999), and Joker (2018)
Toward an Anarchist-Apocalypse Cinema Analysis
No full textA spate of avant-garde apocalypse films emerged towards the end of the twentieth century in apparent response to the endless cycle of patriarchally conservative counterparts coming out of Hollywood at the time. In fact, such films as Geoff Murphy’s The Quiet Earth (1985, New Zealand), Don McKellar’s Last Night (1998, Canada), Lars von Trier’s Melancholia (2011, Denmark, Sweden, France, Germany), or Bong Joon-Ho’s Snowpiercer (2013, South Korea), to name only a few examples, stage a particularly anarchist-inflected set of apocalyptic themes. The recognition of this proclivity provides an opportunity to add a layer of understanding to film analysis that complements the dominant theoretical lenses through which scholars have understood these films and to explore the wider contexts of their cultural significance. Just as there is a distinct vein of apocalyptic critique that runs through an otherwise divergent history of anarchist theory, so too is there a noticeable vein of anarchism permeating the apocalyptic films I discuss. My project is to recover lost and/or displaced notions of the apocalypse and put them in the service of developing an anarcho-apocalyptic analytical paradigm for film studies. This analytical vehicle will help to understand and evaluate an unfolding global ideology reflected in apocalypse cinema that is imbued with anarchist-inflected sentiment and that significantly challenges a now deeply questionable patriarchal state-capitalist status quo
Anarchist Antiauthoritarian and Antifascist Cultural Politics in Europe and the United States, 1890s–2020s
No full textAs 2024 entered late fall in the northern hemisphere and elections in the United States sucked our attention to the reality of a second Donald Trump administration, no shortage of commentators warned of the threat of fascism ascending into power in Washington and thus joining recent hard-right electoral victories across the globe. Former officials in Trump’s first administration called him a fascist—a description echoed by Trump’s opponent in the election. But exit interviews of US voters revealed that Trump gained measurable support from groups that historically have been victimized by far-right and fascist militants. Men and women of African and Latino descent increased their support of Trump and his far-right agenda. Arabs and Muslims did too, despite Trump’s “Muslim ban” during his first term in office. How to explain these shifts within the parameters of everything we know about classic fascism: ultranationalism, nativism, opposition to immigration, ethnic purity, authoritarianism, opposition to liberal democracy and socialism
Control of Centaurea stoebe using solarization in preparation for pollinator meadow creation
No full textThis study follows the first year of the Wasa Slough Dike Pollinator Meadow project. The first year\u27s focus was to evaluate the nature and abundance of native and invasive vegetation, reduce the cover of Spotted Knapweed and Alfalfa, and examine the status of the biocontrol agents previously released on site. Vegetative analysis showed that althought the banks of the dikes housed 22 native species, only 13 grew on the top of the dike. 83% of the top of the dike was covered either by bare ground or invasive species, perhaps even highter if invasive grasses were included. Solarization reduced the Spotted Knapweed and Alfalfa populations to 0% and 1% in solarized zones from 16% and 25% to 11.6% and 20% overall. Though the preliminary reduction in invasive species is hopeful, more information is needed about the effect of solarization on this seed bank to predict long term effects of the treatment. Evidence of root-boring biocontrol was found in 62.7% of Knapweed plants, and flower-eating evidence was found in 50-60% of Spotted knapweed
