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Intertidal Seagrass Restoration in the Natural Marine Park of Arcachon Bay
No full textSeagrass meadows are key coastal ecosystems sustaining a diversity of ecosystem services for people and nature. Arcachon Bay, a 174 km2 semi-enclosed protected lagoon on the southwestern Atlantic coast of France, is home to large meadows of Zostera marina and Zostera noltii. Yet, both seagrass species have undergone a sharp regression in the 2000s under various anthropic and environmental pressures. The Natural Marine Park of Arcachon Bay, the public entity responsible for Arcachon Bay conservation, experiments with active restoration of Z. noltii meadows through seed- and transplant-based restoration. The ER390 project aimed to contribute to Z. noltii restoration by assessing transplantation performances across the Bay to investigate habitat suitability, and to a lesser extent by facilitating participatory seed collection. A protocol to monitor transplants was created and implemented over the summer 2023. Following monitoring findings, most successful tidal flats for transplantation are identified and a set of environmental factors influencing Z. noltii survival and growth is examined. Subsequent recommendations are formulated regarding future monitoring and transplantation. A large quantity of Z. noltii seeds has been collected through participatory seed collection which also contributed to improve public awareness of seagrass meadows, and to harness a sense of stewardship within the local community. Finally, avenues for public participation and information to amplify local seagrass protection and restoration are explored
Sigal R. Ben-Porath, "Cancel Wars: How Universities Can Foster Free Speech, Promote Inclusion, and Renew Democracy."
No full textScott R. Stroud, "The Evolution of Pragmatism in India: Ambedkar, Dewey, and the Rhetoric of Reconstruction."
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Epistemic Fragmentation in Mary Shelley\u27s Frankenstein and Christina Rossetti\u27s "Goblin Market"
No full textRewarding Pharmaceutical Innovation for Being Innovative: A Summary of the Pharmaceutical Patent System And an Amendment to the Patent Act to Negate “Evergreening” and “Patent Thickets”
No full textThis article proposes an amendment to the Patent Act that discourages anti-competitive patent practices in the pharmaceutical industry without interfering with follow-on innovation. It begins by introducing the pharmaceutical industry and its reliance on patents. It then explores pharmaceutical follow-on innovations that amount to “secondary patents” and the arising issues of “evergreening” and “patent thickets.” While follow-on innovation is imperative to public health and a natural outcome of pharmaceutical innovation, the secondary patents essential to encourage such innovation are being used gratuitously, likely representing anti-competitive strategies. Next, this article analyzes comparative law that has addressed these anti-competitive concerns, the inadequacy of this comparative law, and advocates that patentability standards should not be heightened to combat anti-competitive patent strategy. Finally, the article analyzes Canadian case law on the doctrine of selection patents to draw inspiration for a Patent Act amendment designed to thwart anti-competitive patent practice without impairing genuine and beneficial follow-on innovation
Recovering from the Inequality Virus by Linking Rights: Gimme Shelter or Protection for Lack Thereof
No full textThe right to shelter has seen a markedly turbulent evolution in the jurisprudence. On the one hand, there is doctrinal optimism as to the possibilities left open by Gosselin and Adams. On the other hand, there is judicial confusion on whether such a right exists and how such a right might look. Trial and appellate courts in British Columbia and Ontario continue to oscillate between reliance on section 7 guarantees to enforce negative non-interference rights in striking down anti-encampment bylaws, with a reticence to heed any ground on equality claims advanced based on section 15 or similar provincial rights legislation. The judicial oscillation has led to inconsistency across provincial borders on what the Charter guarantees Canadians.
This article clarifies what such a right might look like and why it is both legally defensible and morally justified. I aim to draw a coherent picture of the underlying values of dignity and non-domination that animate considerations relating to housing and homelessness. To arrive at the argument, I survey extant case law, tracing the evolution of section 7 Charter cases and propose an argument based on a substantive account of equality and analogous grounds. The paper draws on Canada’s international law obligations, including its domestically ratified commitments in the National Housing Strategy Act, provincial and federal case law, as well as relevant scholarship to argue for the necessity of linking rights within the constitutional framework where it concerns non-commercial human rights of a socioeconomic nature, such as adequate shelter and housing. These varied sources consider human rights as interrelated, giving renewed significance to the interpretation and merits of linking Charter rights. I use the Quebec COVID-19 Curfew Order as a case study to provide a glimpse of the socially constructed dimensions of homelessness
The Erasure of Indigenous Presence in the Settler Geographic Imagination: 19th Century Vancouver Island
No full textThis essay examines the colonial constructions of Indigenous land usage on Vancouver Island in the 19 th century. It turns first to the historiography of Indigenous presence in the Pacific-Northwest region to understand how Indigenous people had been represented in scholarship in the 19th and 20th centuries. For decades it was believed that Indigenous groups did not participate in the stewardship of their land or did not greatly impact it with their presence. By examining more recent scholarship on Indigenous agriculture this is proved to be a misrepresentation. It then turns to cartographic and ethnographic material produced by colonial officials and settlers that depicts Indigenous land usage and occupation in the mid-19th century, which used the purposeful erasure of Indigenous presence to justify colonial settlement. It combines the social stereotypes of the era with the perceived legitimising character of maps and photographs to understand how the settler’s geographic imagination did not include the presence of Indigenous peoples on Vancouver Island. These cartographic and ethnographic materials created inaccurate representations of how Indigenous peoples managed and lived on their lands, confining them to small and untouched areas. It was only through the purposeful space created in these documents that a view of British Columbia and Vancouver Island being pristine, untouched, and untapped wildernesses could be born. The photographs of E.S. Curtis and colonial era maps of Victoria will be pivotal to this research, bringing to focus the world view of the Vancouver Island settler