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PROTECTING, BALANCING, AND CONFRONTING: HEALTH-SEEKING AMONG HOMELESS YOUTH IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM
No full textThe objective of this study was to explore health-seeking behaviors and barriers faced in accessing care among homeless youth living in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Twelve in-depth interviews were conducted with homeless youth aged 18 to 25. Participants were identified using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory techniques. Interviews with youth revealed that while living on the streets, they had to balance their need for security with attending to their daily survival needs, which led to a disconnection from thinking about their health. When faced with a major health issue, youth turned to their informal networks of support instead of seeking immediate medical care. To manage their basic health needs, youth obtained medicine and health advice from local pharmacies and sought advice from social workers. Homeless youth interviewed in this study relied on an informal network of peers, social workers, and pharmacies when engaging with the health care system. They also faced several barriers to accessing health services, many of which are tied specifically to policies that make homelessness discriminated against in Vietnam. Within Vietnam’s unique political and social context, there is a need for increased collaboration between service providers such as health clinics, local pharmacies, and social workers to provide appropriate health services to this vulnerable population
Dependencies in Syntax and Discourse: Obviation in Blackfoot and Beyond
No full textObviation is a hallmark trait of Algonquian, but how does it fit in a typology of natural language phenomenon? Analyses tend to focus on either its discourse or syntactic properties, and there is disagreement about whether obviation is pragmatic or syntactic in origin. I propose that pragmatic and syntactic approaches are not incompatible, but rather reflect a phenomenon I refer to as recruitment, whereby functional items in the syntax take on discourse uses. Drawing on data from Blackfoot, I demonstrate that obviation encodes syntactic dependencies, and this renders it compatible to signal dependencies in discourse. The analysis is also extended to Algonquian languages more broadly
The numeral classifier in Upper Necaxa Totonac: unitization and lexical specification
No full textThe literature on the semantic contribution of the classifier to the numeral classifier construction is vast and fairly divided. Some views maintain that numeral classifier constructions semantically modify the head noun and contribute to the construction of meaning. In particular, the numeral classifier provides a unit for measuring or counting the noun that lack semantic properties needed for enumeration. Other views imply that the classifier in numeral constructions agrees with some inherent feature of the noun and serves purely formal or grammatical functions. Rather than adding to the meaning of the lexical noun, they categorize the set of nouns in a language into different classes. Numerals in Upper Necaxa Totonac are obligatorily prefixed with a classifier in counting under 20 (Beck 2011). Data from Upper Necaxa show that while some classifiers in classifier-numeral expressions serve important pragmatic and semantic functions, the system in general is lexically specified, satisfying purely formal or grammatical properties of the language.
Rhetorical interpretation of counterfactuals
No full textThis article examines what I call a “rhetorical” interpretation of counterfactual conditionals. The standard interpretation of counterfactual conditionals implies that “there is a possibility that such and such proposition would/might be true. The rhetorical reading of counterfactual conditionals implies that “such and such proposition would NEVER be true.” The subjunctive conditional with a rhetorical interpretation will be called “rhetorical counterfactual.” The examples of rhetorical counterfactuals are found in the emphatic construction (“koso –e construction”) in Early Japanese. I argue that rhetorical counterfactuals are best represented by the semantics of the logical connective only-if, and that the rhetorical reading results from the rhetorical implication that the antecedent is not going to be true with respect to what the speaker considers “conceivable.”
