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Can Cold Brew Coffee Be Convenient? A Pilot Study For Caffeine Content in Cold Brew Coffee Concentrate Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography
No full textCold brew coffee is a brewing method that is increasing in prevalence. While it has been anecdotally suggested that this method may provide a more aromatic and flavourful coffee product, there is little research published that looks at the concentration of caffeine or other coffee substituents in cold brew coffee. The potential alteration in chemical composition in cold brew provides a few interesting avenues for research. Can caffeine in cold brew be quantified by conventional methods? If so, how does the caffeine profile of cold brews relate to hot brew methods? Here we report the caffeine content and variability in small batch cold brew coffee and show that HPLC/UV-Vis, a standard method for quantitation of caffeine in other extraction methods, is useful for detection of caffeine in cold brew coffee. The mean concentration of caffeine in an average 355 mL serving was found to be 207.22 ± 39.17 mg over five distinct batches of cold brew coffee concentrate. Cold brew preparation methods produce similar quantities of caffeine as hot brew preparation, yet may have increased storage capabilities including improved retention of flavonoids and other secondary metabolites. Therefore, cold brew may provide utility in clinical trials examining caffeine and the effect of other components of coffee as it is commonly consumed
Heiko Puls, "Sittliches Bewusstsein und Kategorischer Imperativ in Kants ‘Grundlegung’. Ein Kommentar zum dritten Abschnitt."
No full textJohn Sanders, "Theology in the Flesh: How Embodiment and Culture Shape the Way We Think about Truth, Morality, and God."
No full textGeoffrey C. Kellow and Neven Leddy, eds., "On Civic Republicanism: Ancient Lessons for Global Politics."
No full textAndrei A. Buckareff and Yujin Nagasawa, eds., "Alternative Concepts of God: Essays on the Metaphysics of the Divine."
No full textImagining Girlhood in Seventeenth-Century Female-Authored Fairytales
No full textOver two-thirds of the fairytales published in late seventeenth-century France were authored by female conteuses who recount the births of beautiful and virtuous princesses. Although little is known about these authors\u27 personal lives, their portrayals of girlhood reveal glimpses of their individual lives and experiences. Applying Robert Darnton\u27s cultural approach to fairytales, I situate these tales and their tellers within their historical context. In each story, the girls\u27 virtue or vice are not developed over time, but are embedded at birth, demarcated by beauty or ugliness. This entwining of beauty and virtue is typical of late seventeenth-century salon and educational writings. However, the conteuses\u27 girl characters also challenge gendered stereotypes, playing assertive roles and holding authority over older male characters. The conteuses crafted their conceptions of girlhood in dialogue with individual and cultural influences, culminating in a shared conception of noble girls as virtuous, beautiful, and capable individuals.
The Man Who Was Not There: A Writer’s Memoir of Self
No full textThe story begins in a kitchen with an ashtray on the table. The ashtray is congealed with the ash of my mother’s cigarettes. She is barely real, my mother, but more real than me. It was her who filled the ashtray with her cigarettes; the Players Navy Cut without filters, with the rugged, bearded sailor on the front. In my story, I once wrote that I believed this man on the front of the cigarette package was my father (my father was in the navy, he must be that man!), but those were just words that I wrote, and I don’t think I ever believed this man was my father. He was just a cartoon man painted on the front of a package of cigarettes that my mother smoked..