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Political Dissidence or Threat of Disintegration: The Impacts of the Migrant Crisis on Potential European Disintegration
No full textOngoing discourses surrounding the success of the European Union (EU) have been brought forth since its inception. But within recent years, the migrant crisis has placed a significant strain on EU homogeneity. To assess the crisis’ impacts, this paper highlights the EU’s pre-existing structural components combined with increased racial tensions to be the potential demise of the system as a whole. Structural components including the Schengen Agreement and the quota system, along with xenophobic sentiments, have all led to division amongst EU members, leaving greaterpotential for disintegration. The UK’s decision to withdraw from the EU was a clear example of the structural flaws existing in this system, which were only exacerbated with the onset of this crisis. While the likelihood of definite disintegration is contested, a heightened possibility undoubtedly exists since the migrant crisis’ onslaught
Entangled Narratives: How Literate Histories of Early Childhood Educators Expand Possibilities Within Online Learning Spaces
No full textFeminist ways of being allow us to be vulnerable and willing to admit doubt and to live expanded views of early childhood education and teaching.These practices are characterized by a love ethic, attending to entanglements of heartmindbody. In this article, we rely on entangled narratives between ourselves and early childhood educators asking how valuing entangled relationships can expand creative possibilities within onlinelearning spaces. We draw from experiences within the newly established University of New Brunswick online bachelor of education in early childhood. Our research unfolds with a desire to value literate histories often silenced—sometimes lost—within standardized, institutional ways of being and becoming
Resounding Sound: The Poet Marina Tsvetaeva and her Translator Elke Erb
No full textThe repetition of sound patterns on different linguistic levels is a dominant characteristic of the Russian writer Marina Tsvetaeva’s poetry and recalls elements of both folk poetry and avant-garde texts. Tsvetaeva’s German translator Elke Erb not only considers the sonic dimension as being especially important for poetry in general but also emphasizes the complex sound structures in Tsvetaeva\u27s poetry in particular. In this paper, I use Erb’s translation of the poem “Sad” [“The Garden”] to illustrate the ways in which the sonic dimension of the source text and the poem’s references to both the literary avant-garde and folk poetry can be preserved
Machiavelli’s Florentine Histories: An Important Moment in the Evolution of the Historical Discipline
No full textNiccolò Machiavelli was a political thinker, diplomat, and historian who wrote during the early sixteenth century. Machiavelli only published one major historical work, the Florentine Histories, which he wrote on the cusp of a shift within historical writing from the trends associated with the Middle Ages to those of the Renaissance period. This essay seeks to discover whether Machiavelli’s historical writing is in line with our current perception of the trends within medieval histories or whether his style is too divergent for Machiavelli to be considered a historian of the Middle Ages. This paper examines Machiavelli’s source work and approach to writing in order to conclude that the Florentine Histories deviates from the trends present within histories written in the Middle Ages, indicating that Machiavelli should not be considered a medieval historian
The ‘Sickly Boy’ and the ‘Real Man’: Kennedy, Castro, and Competing Masculinities
No full textJohn F. Kennedy was a profoundly insecure individual. Throughout his life, he struggled with illness and a toxic environment created by the male members of his family, including an intense sibling rivalry with his older brother. This caused him to be indefinitely focused on proving himself and his masculinity for the duration of his life, up to and including his presidency. His obsession with appearing masculine in the public eye proved intrinsic in his 1960 presidential victory over Richard M. Nixon, and when the “real man” Fidel Castro emerged from the Cuban Revolution as the leader of a state potentially in the Soviet sphere of influence, Kennedy felt the need to prove that he was capable of besting Castro through the power of his newfound presidential position
Unbuckling Purity Culture’s Chastity Belt
No full textMany Christians in the United States are taught from an early age the importance of remaining sexually ‘pure’ for God, their future spouses, and their families. This emphasis on sexual morality emerges out of a movement immersed in the biblical doctrine of purity. “Purity culture” is the term used for evangelical movements that promote a biblical view of ‘sexual purity’ by discouraging ‘traditional’ forms of dating, promoting virginity before marriage, and supporting only heterosexual, married, and monogamous forms of sexual activity. This paper explores how purity culture emerged in the United States as evangelical reaction to the ‘sexual immorality’ of free love, pro-choice, and birth control activism during the Sexual Revolution, as well as how the movement has been successful in implementing abstinence programming in public schools and reforming sexuality in the United States. Furthermore, it argues that the messages and signals of purity culture being sent to youth via the purity, abstinence-only education in institutions, and mass appeal of purity culture in popular culture has produced a system in which virginity is made real and tangible. Therefore, this paper ultimately argues that purity culture has successfully attached itself to the idea of virginity to make it serve a political purpose
Making Sense of One\u27s Feelings: The Emotional Labour of Chinese International Students in Canadian Universities
No full textCanadian universities’ sharpened focus on international students starting in the early 2000s coincided with the growing interest by students from China to study abroad. Various actors, including states, have shaped and benefited from this increase in student migration. I examine how student migrants deal with the feeling rules transmitted to them, as an under-explored site where the migration experience is shaped and justified. In light of the work of Sara Ahmed and Arlie Russell Hochschild, I explore how students feel and are asked to feel about their studies abroad, and how emotions work in framing and maintaining the migration narrative. Through Ahmed’s concept of skin of the collective, I argue that Chinese student migrants are affected by and contribute to an affective atmosphere regarding their years of study in Canada as specific feeling rules help them make sense of similar experiences of confusion, frustration, self-reliance, and responsibility. Based on interviews with students and university staffers, I discuss the links between this type of migration, the actors involved, and the emotional landscapes students navigate in order to highlight how they interpret their own experiences and how these interpretations contribute to maintaining a general narrative about being Chinese international students in Canada
The Schengen Crisis and the EU’s Internal and External Borders:: A Step Backwards for Security-Oriented Migration Policy?
No full textThe EU was founded on the project of “Europe without borders”, which means elimination of internal borders between Member States according to Article 26 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The counterpart of this objective has been the transfer of the controls to the external EU borders. In the Schengen area, external borders are controlled by common principles and procedures encompassed in the 2016 Schengen Borders Code. Member States have negotiated the Schengen agreement to maintain such external border controls, with the aim of protecting their citizens from various dangers and guaranteeing their national migration policies towards third-country nationals. Member States have therefore transposed the function of national border controls to the external EU borders. Cross-border cooperation within the EU has developed to reinforce the Schengen Space of free movement and has been jeopardized by the unorganized massive peak arrivals of migrants in 2015. This article analyses whether the 2015 Schengen crisis confirms the security-orientated approach or not, specifically as the crisis confronts the EU with national claims to recover the control of internal borders. It has been argued that this movement is proof of the resilience of Westphalian borders. This article is an attempt to show how European judicial power tried to limit such a national re-appropriation of borders, leading to a functional distinction between internal and external borders that may allow a departure from an exclusive security-orientated approach of external borders of the European Union towards a more cohesive approach to controls at EU external borders
Indian Borders in the Era of COVID-19
No full textAfter the outbreak of COVID-19, India closed its international borders and at the domestic level restricted intra-state movements. This paper underlines the impacts on Indian border security, management, trade, and life in the borderlands. The paper also discusses how new internal borders were erected during the nationwide lockdown