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CULTURE, POVERTY, AND RELIGION AT A CROSSROADS: CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS OF CHILD MARRIAGE IN THE SLUMS OF KARACHI
No full textChild marriage continues to be prevalent in South Asia, including Pakistan, despite national laws and international agreements prohibiting it. This article aims to discover the causes of child marriage and its implications for child brides. We identify gaps in the implementation of laws, good practices, and program designs, and we propose necessary initiatives. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, a mix of quantitative and qualitative information was obtained from focus group discussions and from a survey of 131 early married females. We found that the cause of child marriage in Pakistan is not simply poverty: it is also deeply rooted in social customs, cultural norms, and traditional and religious beliefs. The psychological, economic, social, and physical consequences of child marriage can be excruciating for these girls, whose education may be curtailed and who are likelier than their unmarried peers to experience emotional, sexual, and physical violence. This study identifies parental decision-making, societal pressures, and entrenched gender roles as key drivers of child marriage. A lack of awareness about the legal marriage age and limited access to education further exacerbate the problem. Our recommendations include standardizing the legal marriage age at 18 years, implementing mass birth registration campaigns, and ensuring access to education for girls. Community-based awareness programs should challenge cultural norms and promote the benefits of delayed marriage. Strengthening laws and empowering local authorities to enforce them are also essential. Moreover, comprehensive poverty reduction programs, vocational training for women, and education reforms are needed if the root causes of child marriage and its often devastating consequences are to be successfully addressed
The Pursuit of Individual Sovereignty: A Critical Analysis of Class Division in the Works of Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill
No full textCustoms: Global Border Authorities as Pillars in Mitigating Climate Change and Transitioning to Global Green Energy
No full textClimate change and environmental threats require the attention of all stakeholders. Customs Authorities, as the primary border authorities of global trade, can be frontline leaders in the development of a “circular economy” and global green-energy transition. The World Customs Organization plays a pivotal role in the universal development of customs frameworks and has prioritized the transition to circular and green economies. The challenge is to balance these priorities with the promotion of global trade and economic growth. This requires reform and innovation to adjust to new and disruptive technologies, specifically, increased involvement in policy formulation, greater investment in human resources expertise, the promotion of tax relief Customs policy in Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and environmentally friendly goods, and more substantive collaboration with stakeholders from the private sector. This policy report explores these challenges, using case studies in the European context and beyond in combination with policy proposals and recommendations. Mitigating climate change is crucial, and, as this paper shows, requires alternative, global, and even “beyond-borders” approaches, so that recurring “statements” and “decrees” can also be mitigated. 
Introduction: European Union Borders with Ukraine
No full textThis special section, European Union Borders with Ukraine, provides a unique assessment of the understudied process of cross-border relationship-building that takes place between Ukraine, the European Union, and EU member states. Collectively, the six papers look at the progressive alignment of Ukraine with the Visegrad countries, Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, and Ukraine, assessing the state of democratic and security concerns, regional development and education, healthcare, culture, and energy, as a multipronged way to understand cross-border integration and European integration
Hypatia the Highest: Analyzing the Life, Legacy, and Liberties of Hypatia of Alexandria
No full textThis paper outlines the structures which allowed Hypatia of Alexandria to succeed as a female scholar in the highly paternalistic world of Greco-Roman academia. Despite the excessive focus surrounding her death, the circumstances of Hypatia’s life are equally fascinating and merit more discussion than they are often given. To begin, Hypatia’s unusually close relationship with her father allowed her to pursueacademic interests which were typically inaccessible to Greco-Roman girls during the fifth century. In wider society, although accounts of Hypatia’s adult life are mostly posthumous, we can infer that she was generally well-regarded despite taking up space in a typically male environment. Finally, by contextualizing Hypatia’s murder within the greater socio-political context of fifth-century Alexandria, we can lessenmuch of the sensationalism surrounding her death. In conclusion, Hypatia stands out as an example of how the complex dynamics of Alexandrian social and legal frameworks could—in some cases—allow for greater freedoms than were typically thought to exist for Hellenistic women.
In loving memory of my own father, Jon Newton. Thank you for teaching me to follow my passions and convictions, and believing I could do anything
The Role of Cross-Border Cooperation in Democracy Promotion Between Slovakia and Ukraine: The Zakarpattia (Transcarpathia) Region
No full textThis paper argues that cross-border cooperation practices stand as a vehicle of Ukraine’s bottom-up integration with the EU, ultimately helping to grow public trust in democratic governance in Ukraine. By looking at the case of cross-border cooperation between Ukraine and Slovakia, this paper shows how cross-border cooperation practices are developing between two neighbouring states and how mutual trust between the border communities and with their local and national authorities has been established across the border. The cross-border cooperation policy of the European Union is a reasonably new policy for Ukraine. Therefore, best practices established by the neighbouring EU states have been of great significance for Ukraine from both political and territorial perspectives, and in relation to the Ukrainian state’s progress towards integration into Europe
Matthew P. Meyer & David Koepsell (Eds.), \u27Mad Max and Philosophy: Thinking Through the Wasteland\u27.
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