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Contribution of Chemotherapy Treatment Factors to Cognitive Outcomes in Survivors of Childhood Leukemia
Get PDFLong-term cognitive deficits are frequently observed in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Studies conducted in mice have identified chemotherapy agents methotrexate (MTX), dexamethasone (DEX) and prednisone (PRED) as having a significantly adverse impact on brain development. However, few studies have examined the relationship between variations in childhood exposure to these agents and cognitive abilities among ALL survivors. We hypothesized that survivors who had received higher doses of MTX would exhibit significantly greater cognitive impairments than survivors who received lower doses. Further, we hypothesized that survivors treated with both PRED and DEX will have greater cognitive deficits than those treated with DEX only. The sample included 59 ALL survivors (35 males, 24 females) between the ages of 8 and 18 years old. Compared to normed means, male ALL survivors exhibited significantly lower scores on working memory and processing speed, t(34) = -3.912, p<0.001 and t(34) = -5.077, p<0.001, respectively; female ALL survivors exhibited significantly lower scores on working memory, t(23)= -3.035, p<0.01. Variations in exposure to MTX, DEX and PRED were not correlated with variations in cognitive outcomes. Further research is needed to determine what factors explain different cognitive outcomes after chemotherapy treatment for childhood ALL
XX Cygni: Fourier Analysis
Get PDFHigh amplitude delta Scuti (HADS) stars are short period pulsating variable stars, with a pulsation of several hours. They typically pulsate in radial modes, with most of their energy being distributed into the main pulsation. Fourier spectra was completed for star XX Cygni (XX Cyg) for the purpose of deducing the dominant frequencies of pulsation for XX Cyg. For the years 2010 to 2017, data reduction was completed to produce light curves displaying the time of maximum light for XX Cyg at the Allan I. Carswell Observatory located at York University in Toronto, Ontario. With over 100 new data points coming from the Allan I. Carswell Observatory, the total observed times of maximum light is 12,895 data points. Frequency analysis of the light curve has shown the energy is being distributed primarily into the main pulsation, with a fundamental frequency of 7.3 cycles/day
HIV and Stigma in the Indian Health Care System: A Systematic Review
Get PDFIndia ranks third in the world in terms of the number of HIV cases. As of October 2016, the government of India offered 528 anti-retroviral therapy (ART) centers and provided free medication, counselling, and ART adherence support to people living with HIV/ AIDS (PLWHA). However, stigma and HIV share a cyclical relationship, whereby people who experience stigma are marginalized and more vulnerable to HIV, and those with HIV are more vulnerable to stigma. This research study asks: What are the underlying mechanisms of stigma in the health care system in India? Do they pose a significant barrier to the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS? A review of the literature explores HIV stigma in workers in the health care system and its impact on treatment. Results show mistreatment by staff, discrimination in policies and procedures, and a lack of cultural sensitivity. The study concludes with recommendations to counter stigma and improve quality of care
The Roses that Grew from the Cracks in the Canadian Culture Mosaic
Get PDFThis research examines the perception of Canada through two generations of immigrants. Canada has been viewed as a cultural mosaic, an inclusive safe haven, by immigrants, regardless of gender, age, or religion—always welcoming, a beautiful and flawless “masterpiece.” However, does Canada truly fulfill this depiction? Are we a cultural mosaic? Are the tools for success provided to immigrants and to our citizens? Uncovering the marginalized stories of individuals who immigrated to Canada for a better life, filled with opportunity, will reveal the real narrative of our nation
Why Bolivia? An Examination of Water Privatization
Get PDFThis study explores water privatization in Bolivia in 1998. A literature review was conducted and the historical and capitalistic factors leading to water privatization were examined. Historical factors include Bolivia’s mass debt and the popularity of neo-liberal ideology (a belief that the government should have little control over markets). Capitalistic factors include the role of the state and of social class (pressure on Bolivian officials from external organizations and wealthy citizens), and a prioritizing of profit over social or environmental factors. Together, these factors created the perfect scenario in which the privatization of water in Bolivia was inevitable and, ultimately, detrimental to many Bolivian people, who could no longer afford water. The study recommends that government protection should extend to goods that are a basic human necessity; a desire for profit must not overshadow social and environmental concerns
Newcomers with Disabilities: Challenges & Service Implications
Get PDFOn June 18, 2018, Canada changed the medical inadmissibility policy for immigrants and refugees to be more welcoming of people with disabilities. To better understand the needs of this population, this project reviews the challenges faced by immigrants and refugees who have physical disabilities in Canada. Results suggest logistical, emotional, and community challenges, with implications for social work. A literature search was conducted to find peer-reviewed journal articles about immigrants and refugees with physical disabilities in Canada. Challenges were categorized into themes and analyzed in terms of how they lend themselves to social work
Getting in Shape: Government Action on Child and Adolescent Physical Activity in Norway
Get PDFIn social democracies, improving physical activity is arguably the role of the government. Because physical activity and nutrition are factors associated with strong health outcomes, it is important to design effective policies to improve the activity level and nutritional intake among some of the nation’s most vulnerable population groups: children and adolescents. With access to large data and refined scientific methods, determining if government policies, initiatives, and investments are effective is becoming less challenging. This review identifies the ways in which Norway’s government is participating in current country-level interventions to improve physical activity and nutrition in its child and adolescent populations. Empirical studies assessing the impact of Norway’s physical activity- or nutrition-related policies, programs, or initiatives were reviewed. The analysis found three main types of government initiatives: national strategies; school-based programs; and daylight saving time. However, these initiatives led to only limited changes to actual physical activity levels in these population groups. Results suggest that the government should use evidence-based policy making to design future initiatives aimed at reducing sedentary time, increasing physical activity, and improving nutritional habits in children and adolescents
