Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka
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Imperatyw, ironia i przemyt wierzbowych gruszek. Notatki o wierszu Do Jeruszalaim Jerzego Ficowskiego
Full text linkThe poem Do Jeruszalaim combines different original poetical solutionsapplied in the collection of poems Odczytanie popiołów and rememberingthe experience of Shoah. The language of the poem becomes a toolemployed in a “smuggling” of unsaved Jews, being done “belatedly”,into the world of the living. Complicated, unspectacular by design,constructional operations are finely tuned with the semantics of the escape(flight) and are to lay a false trail, to rescue a human being in theintricacies of the poem, somewhere between the sheer physics of theescape and the possibilities offered by words. A particularly interestingplace is given to the phraseological units used in the poems such as“a handful of pies in the sky” that simultaneously recall futility of theaction but somehow suggest a “smuggling” the act of life-giving activity.The activities carried out in the language of the poem functionin a ceaseless (and self-augmenting) strain between the two contradictions.They are: the imperative of memory, impractical (and unfeasible)act of saving human “after-being” and the protest against the abyssmalnothingness of Shoah on the one hand, and irony of the futility of these“vindications from non-existence” as being only verbal, on the other
Dystans i pragnienie bezpośredniości: nowoczesna świadomość Bolesława Leśmiana
Full text linkThe article presents B. Leśmian as a poet involved in his self-imposed task of promoting a return to primeval nature, but, at the same time, somebody who is fully aware of the utopian character of thus formulated and adopted assumptions. The two contradictory approaches converge in a poetic figure of desire. This particular urge is treated as a model of the imagination of the poet, who creates his poetical world knowing that the ultimate aim is unattainable but constitutes the ideal of poetry and can only be a state of cognitive assurance and self-knowledge or, alternatively, a situation of ontological stability and fulfilment. However, to reach this utmost goal, either on the poetical plane or on the existentialist, epistemological and ontological plane, to fulfill the cherished desires, is not possible within the poetical world created by Leśmian. The raison d’etre of the self manifested by the protagonists of his poems as well as a justification of this poetry is the very striving towards the goal. The article shows the relevant dimensions of that desire as a metapoetical figure, anthropological and existentialist figures and epistemological and ontological figures. It further presents the opposition and the inner conflict within the modern views of the poet, who, consciously inscribes into his project its impracticability. The distance towards the current times and towards the idealistic assumptions of his own poetical programme constitutes the intrinsic originality of Leśmian’s poems
Pionierski niedosyt
Full text linkThe book Twórczość Leśmiana w kręgu filozoficznej myśli symbolizmu rosyjskiego written by Sobieska is a pioneering attempt at combining a discussion on the literary output of the author of Dziejba leśna with the reflection stemming from the tradition of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The book, notwithstanding its shortcomings and self-imposed limitations, comprehensively discusses views and opinions hitherto unknown to the Polish reader, introduces and explains the context of the findings of such thinkers as Soloviov or Biely, compares texts written by Russian symbolists with Leśmian’s poems. Sobieska categorizes the problem issues into subsequent thematic ranges (epiphany insight into the nature of being, musicality and the notion of poetical metre, creative imagination, mystical femininity) in order to point at potential sources of the recontextualization of Leśmian’s poetical sensitivity. The findings, being an example of classic comparatistic studies, have been enhanced by iconological and musicological observations as well as by some additional guiding elements facilitating the understanding of Orthodox theology. The present sketch discusses the book and is complemented with a polemics with some of its methodological solutions
Notatki z Folger
Full text linkThe text written by Stanley Fish, which is an excerpt from his book Professional Correctness. Literary Studies and Political Change (Oxford 1995), is an attempt at a presentation and a discussion of the main conditioning factors and the aporia of interpretation. From among the four arguments given by the author, i.e. intention, historicalness, politicalness and interdisciplinarity, only the first one has been established to be an immanent feature of each of interpretations. This results from the conviction that while interpreting literary texts we are always subjected to the pressure of the surrounding premises. It is just the extensive and thorough analysis of these premises, to which the supporters of political, historical and interdisciplinary criticism refer to that makes the author of the sketch possible to show that behind each of the methods there are individual interests and a different vision of the world. To realize these determinants is to enable us to question the very need of universal interpretation. By questioning the theoretical fundamentals of the three mentioned modes of interpretation, the author admits frankly that the work of an interpreter can have both historical, political and just as well interdisciplinary character, though this observation is by all means tantamount to a recognition of the legitimacy of any of the criticized methods
Wojciech Stanisław Chrościński (ok. 1660-po 1733) — człowiek i dzieło
Full text linkThe article discusses the figure and the work of the poet from the Saxon times in Poland. The first part of the article presents some essential biographical data and his most important literary achievements – from his debut poem Trąba wiekopomnej sławy..., through the translations of the Latin works of Ovid and Lucan, to poems written in the Polish language, such as Biblical poems and other cycles of poems. The other part of the article includes a discussion on the history of the reception of Chrościński’s works and the opinions on his literary output given by literary critics and contemporary historians of literature. Diverse and not equivocal opinions emerge – from decidedly favourable to those more restrained and even critical. However, the popularity of the poems written by Chrościński in the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries is remarkable. This popularity wanes in the course of time and slowly but steadily he becomes an unknown author, rarely recalled and selectively cited. The varied and divergent attitudes of historians of literature make us fully accept the following opinion given by Brückner: “Chrościński highly deserves a closer study of his literary output”. Accordingly, the latter postulate is an invitation to a thorough and deepened investigation of the works of the poet
Nowoczesne czytanie Leśmiana
Full text linkThe text discusses critically the analyses of Leśmian’s poems carried out by Markowski in his Polska literatura nowoczesna [Polish modern literature]. The critical evaluation focuses on the following four key assumptions (and convictions) presented by Markowski: 1. literature is an epistemological and educational task that aims at promoting and teaching critical thinking; 2. the history of literature involves permanent re-rendering of interpretative techniques; 3. literary text is ambiguous because it cannot be generalized and is a record of human experience, both existentialist and intellectual; 4. interpretation should testify to the idiomatic nature of the text. In the course of reading the book, however, it turns out that on more than one occassion Markowski is inconsistent and even contradicts himself. As a result, he lays himself open to charges suggesting that he does not consistently stick to his methodological postulates, sometimes even contradicting them. The article is concluded with a suggestion that the image of the literary critic as a diligent deconstructionist is badly shaken. Markowski is more interested in philosophical aspects in a literary work than in its aesthetical value. The text represents thus a revisionist and debunking contribution to the readings of this “harbinger of postmodernity”
Awangardowy wnuk Leśmiana
Full text linkThe sketch discusses the “relations and interdependencies of impossibilities” connecting the discursive poetry of Bieńkowski with the lyrical poetics of Leśmian. This formula, coined by the author of Sprawy wyobraźni, perfectly expresses these kind of references that exceed just a simple juxtaposition of similarities in subject matters or poetical figures. In terms of this plane, there seem to be are more differences between the two poems than conceivable similarities. However, within the plane of creative philosophy, the awareness of the language status in modern poetry, the abiding concept of reality and the attitude towards civilizational and social transformations, the similarities are particularly striking. The avant-garde poet does not shun from employing early modernist individualistic, idealistic, regressive and aesthetic (formalistic) tendencies so characteristic for Leśmian. If Przyboś, as Łapiński put it, “rehabilitated” Leśmian’s programme, Bieńkowski makes the Przyboś’ programme back again more like Leśmian-like, creating a programme not so much avant-garde in character but rather a one that relates to decadent aspirations of modernism in its narrowest sense. Not surprisingly then, he makes the lyrics of the author of Łąka his particular tertium comparationis of the phenomena in Polish postwar poetry, linguistic poetry in particular. This way, unusual power of modernity of Leśmian poetry is testified and well proven
„Taki nieciekawy człowiek...”. Wokół biografii Bolesława Leśmiana
Full text linkThe article discusses five biographies of the poet that have been published in the past few years. A highly complex and contradicting figure of Leśmian, a great poet and unsuccessful notary public, a provincial from the capital Warsaw, a misanthrope with busy social life, still arouses interests among the public – the more so that his first biography written by Łopuszański and entitled Leśmian was published as late as 2000. Łopuszański, who has been working on Leśmian for twenty years, has published the results of his biographical investigations in his two subsequent books: Zofia i Bolesław Leśmianowie (2005) and Bolesław Leśmian. Marzyciel nad przepaścią (2006). In turn, Leśmian. Encyklopedia (2001) by Rymkiewicz is a different book being a ”personal” encyclopaedia, a somewhat patchy biography that focuses on arbitrarily selected entries chosen by its author, whereas Leśmian, Leśmian… Wspomnienia o Bolesławie Leśmianie zebrane przez Adama Wiesława Kulika (2008) is a collection of memoirs, a record of conversations that the author had with the inhabitants of Hrubieszów and Zamość who knew Leśmian personally in the 1920s and the 1930s – his colleagues at the Bar, workers of the notary’s office, his acquaintances, neighbours and friends of his daughters