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Childhood and Adulthood Residency Prediction Using Strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and Oxygen (δ18O) Isotopes for Unidentified Deceased Migrants Recovered in Southern Texas
No full textStrontium and oxygen isotope values are used in conjunction with a maximum likelihood assignment model to predict the childhood and adulthood geographic residences of 20 deceased migrants recovered along the México-U. S. border in south Texas. Theobjectives of this research are to determine (1) if the childhood and adulthood residency assignments predict the same geographic region, (2) if using the predicted residential history/nationality as a filter on the National Missing and Unidentified Persons System (NamUs) reduces the number of potential matching missing person reports, and (3) if we should target teeth or bone as the optimal hard tissue to sample. We found that 12 of the 20 cases (60%) predict similar regions of residency using isotopes derived from bone bioapatite (adulthood residency) and tooth bioapatite (childhood residency). When predicted residential history/nationality data were used as a filter in NamUs, there was a significant reduction in the mean number of case searches (mean = 1568.5 ± 505.3 [1 SD] vs. 107.9 ± 142.6 [1 SD]; t = 12.441, df = 22, p < 0.001, unequal variances assumed). These results demonstrate the utility of isotope data for narrowing down the region of origin and in turn the number of missing persons records to review. Finally, we recommend that death investigators at minimum collect dental samples (premolars or molars) for future unidentified migrant cases to aid in identification efforts utilizing isotope analytical methods. Bone bioapatite samples can provide more recent residential history information but should be used in conjunction with tooth enamel data
Googling for Abortion in the Rural United States: Crisis Pregnancy Centers as Networked Misogyny
No full textThis project integrates Reproductive Justice (RJ) commitments with insights from networked misogyny to describe the digital coercion strategies of Crisis Pregnancy Centers (CPCs) for people living in rural areas in the United States. Abortion access is increasingly mediated by commercial search engines (Mejova et al., 2022). The authors analyzed public CPC marketing strategy documents against data from over three hundred search queries across seven states with large rural populations. Taking Google search results as rhetorical artifacts, data reveals that states with restrictive abortion laws empower CPC search result visibility in several ways. CPCs disproportionately impact people who are the most reliant on internet mediation for abortion access—a population sharing significant overlap with people living in abortion deserts in rural areas
Misfortunes of a Miner: Provision of Care on the Nineteenth-Century Otago Goldfields
No full textPayable gold was discovered in New Zealand’s South Island in 1861, bringing tens of thousands of people to the Otago Province. Most were men with limited means and no local family. Archival records show that goldfields life was associated with significant risk of disabling injury from earth falls, equine interactions, and violence. Care was usually provided in goldfields shantytowns or rudimentary village hospitals. Until recently, archival records have been the primary means of gaining insight into injuries on the goldfields. In 2018–2019, the University of Otago and Southern Archaeology excavated unmarked graves at the original Ardrossan Street cemetery in Lawrence, Otago. These are likely associated with the 1861 Tuapeka gold rush. Paleopathological analysis of burial A8 from this site, a middle-aged male, revealed extensive and disfiguring healed fractures to his zygomaticofacial complex, including antemortem loss of most of the left zygomatic arch. This person also had very poor dental health and a lytic lesion in his maxillary palate, suggesting chronic infection in his oronasal region. Computed tomography scans reveal lytic lesions within the diploë of his cranial vault. Multiple episodes of physiological stress during tooth development were identified histologically. The skeletal evidence indicates a difficult childhood and an adulthood marked by survival of a traumatic event with long-standing consequences, including likely issues with feeding and mastication. Here we employ a data-layering approach, integrating our findings with goldfields-era hospital archival evidence and previously conducted bioarchaeological analyses, to explore the provision of care during this socially unique period of New Zealand history
A Case of Severe Antemortem Trauma on an Adult Individual from the Hellenistic Period at Kaman-Kalehöyük
No full textThe goal of the project is to investigate and interpret the extensive antemortem trauma observed on an adult (50+ years) male individual from the Hellenistic period (ca. 300–100 B.C.E.) at Kaman-Kalehöyük in central Anatolia. This individual was buried in a repurposed agricultural storage pit, which is a type of mortuary treatment that has been associated with a Celtic language–speaking group, the Galatians. Antemortem injuries present on this individual include a severe cranial depression fracture (CDF) on the right parietal, a fracture on the left tibia, and fractures on the right radius and two or three right metacarpals. One of these injuries, the CDF, could be consistent with interpersonal violence due to its location toward the top of the cranium. There are a variety of hypotheses regarding the social identities of the individuals chosen for interment in storage pits (e.g., sacrifice victims, captives, people with special religious significance), but in general, they tend to suggest that these individuals have some sort of unique status that separates them from the majority of the population. These hypotheses are difficult to test and are not necessarily mutually exclusive, but it may be that the individual from Pit 2772 also had a similar experience. Regardless, it appears that this individual survived one or more serious injuries that could have had a substantial impact on their life, potentially including permanent impairment
Codebò, Agnese. The Slum and the City: Culture and Dissidence in the Villas Miseria of Buenos Aires. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2024.
No full textCodebò, Agnese. The Slum and the City: Culture and Dissidence in the Villas Miseria of Buenos Aires. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2024
Yingling, Charlton W. Siblings of Soil: Dominicans and Haitians in the Age of Revolutions.
No full textReview of: Yingling, Charlton W. Siblings of Soil: Dominicans and Haitians in the Age of Revolutions. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2022
Sadri, Houman A. Conflict and Cooperation in the South Caucasus Region: From Theory to Policy.
No full textReview of: Sadri, Houman A. Conflict and Cooperation in the South Caucasus Region: From Theory to Policy. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2024
Degani, Michael. The City Electric: Infrastructure and Ingenuity in Postcolonial Tanzania
No full textReview of: Degani, Michael. The City Electric: Infrastructure and Ingenuity in Postcolonial Tanzania
Park, Emma. Infrastructural Attachments: Austerity, Sovereignty, and Expertise in Kenya
No full textReview of: Park, Emma. Infrastructural Attachments: Austerity, Sovereignty, and Expertise in Kenya. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2024