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The Terrorist Next Door: Kamila Shamsie’s Home Fire and the Pitfalls of Terrorism Discourse
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Using Eye-Tracking Technology to Quantify the Effect of Experience and Education on Forensic Anthropological Analyses
No full textThe human interpretation of analytical outputs is a significant challenge in forensic science, making it vital to explore the application of protocols as we enhance our practices. This study assesses decision making in forensic anthropological analyses utilizing eye-tracking technology to quantify an observer’s estimate of confidence and reliability. Ten individuals with varying levels of education and experience were asked to score cranial morphologies for two human crania. Each participant’s fixation points, fixation duration, and visit count and duration were assessed using Tobii™ Pro 2 eye-tracking glasses. Mid-facial morphologies capturing relative widths were the quickest scored traits, with an overall median time of 14.59 seconds; more complex morphological assessments took longer. Using time as a proxy for confidence, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum results indicate individuals with less experience differed significantly from individuals with greater experience (p = 0.01) although differences in level of education were not significant. Interestingly, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) indicate interobserver reliability is high between observers, suggesting experience only slightly improves agreement. These preliminary results suggest experience is more important than level of education. Through empirical decision making studies, forensic anthropologists can improve practices—increasing the transparency of evaluative decision making by targeting confusing or problematic aspects of a data collection practice, and in so doing, enhance training
Kincentricity and Indigenous Wellbeing: Food(ways) and/as Holistic Health in the Native Medicine Wheel
No full textThis manuscript explores the rhetorical coupling of food as a holistic health initiative across two Indigenous organizations—Indian Health Services (IHS) and the American Indian Cancer Foundation (AICF). Drawing upon contemporary literatures of rhetorical ecologies, I position “kincentricity” (Salmón, 2000, 2012) as a particularly provocative framework to reconceptualize the body as its own rhetorical ecosystem, contending that Indigenous dimensions of RHM offer radically creative ways to decolonize the body/body politic. My analysis demonstrates theways in which IHS and AICF engage in kincentric logics to repurpose rhetorics of food within the Native medicine wheel, most notably by emphasizing (1) pre-Columbian diets, (2) traditional harvesting and cooking methods, and (3) spiritual food-based rituals—all of which explicitly link tribal food(ways) to bodily wellbeing. Finally, this essay encourages RHM scholars to reorient rhetorical vocabularies and understandings toward more pluralistic and non-Western accounts of health, medicine, and collective wellness
The Dialectic of Food Swamps and Clean Food: Ecological Interventions for Disrupting Individualizing Frames of Food Choice
No full textApplying an ecological rhetorical approach, this article examines the online circulation of arguments about food choice in two seemingly disparate sites: clean, medicinal food rhetoric and the rhetoric of “food swamps.” Studying snack food conglomerate Mondelez International’s “Mindful Snacking” campaign in juxtaposition with clean eating brand Sakara Life’s “made-for-Instagram” marketing materials demonstrates how clean, medicinal food texts emerge as acts of communicative resistance to the normalization of fast and processed food, yet slip back into the same meritocratic logic emphasizing individual responsibility and ultimately reproduce the ideological conditions that maintain inequitable access to healthy food. This article concludes with suggestions for disrupting and transforming the pervasive individualizing frameworks of food choice that locate health and diet concerns in the individual as opposed to the wider political, economic, and environmental context
“I could probably live to be 100”: An Embodied Approach to Action-Oriented Research with Vulnerable Populations
No full textAction-oriented research strives to include vulnerable populations’ voices and to ensure reciprocity between academic and non-academic stakeholders to address complex problems. Challenges persist, however, in engaging community members beyond experts and reconciling differences in the timetables of such work. This article proposes an embodied approach to action-oriented research with vulnerable populations that calls attention to the situated, embodied aspects of the smaller moments through which complex problems are lived. By analyzing a case study of a project at a senior center for disadvantaged older adults—with a particular focus on time, place, and bodies—the piece articulates the implications of such an approach for theory, methodology, and practice in both localized contexts and RHM more broadly
Review of Translanguaging Outside the Academy: Negotiating Rhetoric and Healthcare in the Spanish Caribbean by Rachel Bloom-Pojar
No full textReview of Translanguaging Outside the Academy; Negotiating Rhetoric and Healthcare in the Spanish Caribbean, Rachel Bloom-Pojar, Urbana, Illinois: Conference on College Composition and Communication/National Council of Teachers of English, 2018. 161 pages, $29.99.
A Review of "Diagnosing Madness: The Discursive Construction of the Psychiatric Patient, 1850-1920"
No full textReview of: Diagnosing Madness: The Discursive Construction of the Psychiatric Patient, 1850–1920. Cristina Hanganu-Bresch and Carol Berkenkotter. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2019. 192 pages, 49.99 e-book. Publisher webpage: https://www.sc.edu/uscpress/books/2019/6025.htm
Suppose FIRPTA Was Repealed
Get PDFThis article argues, as others have before, that the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (or “FIRPTA”), or at least the provisions of FIRPTA relating to “United States real property holding corporations,” should be repealed. Their enactment in 1980 was misguided and in any event changes in the Internal Revenue Code since then have made the provisions obsolete. But if FIRPTA is repealed, in whole or in part, the article argues that the lack of parity between foreign investment in real property that is made directly or through a partnership, on the one hand, and foreign investment in a real estate investment trust (or a regulated investment company that invests in shares of real estate investment trusts) should be dealt with. Otherwise, repeal will exacerbate existing distortions (which were already pushed further by FIRPTA) resulting from the choice of the entity used to make an investment in US real property. The article also suggests that repeal of FIRPTA would provide an opportunity to look at the taxation of foreign investment in the United States more broadly and in particular the rules that tax income from U.S. real property. The tax treatment of inward investment is a generally neglected subject.The article concludes by arguing against legislation that would keepthe FIRPTA rules and simply expand provisions of present law that favor foreign investment through real estate investment trusts, such as the Real Estate Jobs and Investment Act of 2011
The De Novo Doctrine: Irrelevant to Relevancy in Civil Tax Litigation
Get PDF"A tax case is a de novo proceeding and the thoughts, procedures, conclusions, reasoning, or factual findings of Internal Revenue Service employees about a taxpayer's liability are irrelevant."Any attorney who has handled a tax case on a taxpayer's behalf has likely heard this argument, or a variation of it, during the discovery process, during motion practice, or even in the courtroom when attempting to introduce evidence. Many attorneys from the Internal Revenue Service ("Service") or Department of Justice who defend or bring tax cases on the government's behalf have likely asserted some version of the "de novo doctrine." Indeed, the Service and Department of Justice commonly raise the de novo doctrine in an attempt to defeat taxpayers' requests to discover or introduce into evidence information about the Service's audit or facts and information gathered by the Service and contained in its audit file.2 The asserted ground for withholding such information from taxpayers is that none of it is relevant to the court's inquiry, which is to determine the merits of taxpayers' liabilities