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Apartheid’s Black Soldiers: Un-national Wars and Militaries in Southern Africa by Lennart Bolliger
No full textReview of: Apartheid’s Black Soldiers: Un-national Wars and Militaries in Southern Africa by Lennart Bolliger. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2021. (269 pages, cloth
"Standing against a State Requires the State": Exploring Revolutionary Etatization
No full textThis article explores “revolutionary etatization,” defined as the process of revolutionary organizations evolving into embryonic proto-states even before they have seized power. The article focuses on the period between the end of World War I and the present day. While the situation of inescapable violent competition (Tilly) represents the Darwinian driver of the process, we need the ideologicaland strategic dimensions to account for the variety of revolutionary proto-states. Embryonic revolutionary states come in two main types: the multi-department civil-administration apparatus, and the agglomerate of organs of popular representation, corresponding, respectively, to “constructive” and “co-optive” modes of state formation. Revolutionary etatization is a universal experience holding true not only for rural guerrillas controlling “liberated territories” but also for urban guerrillas and urban insurrectionists
Human Trafficking in the Caribbean: Developing Caribbean-Centered Ways to Fight the Crime
No full textHuman trafficking is a problem that has existed throughout time and in every corner of the world. Its causes and solutions are complex and directly tied to the individual dynamics within a region or country. Invariably, the ability to respond to the problem starts with a recognition of the specific socioeconomic and cultural challenges faced by a particular region. The Caribbean presents particular complexities in defining and responding to the problem. Anecdotal reports suggest that the region suffers from significant rates of human trafficking, but little is known about the prevalence and true scope of the crime. Recent efforts to fight trafficking in the region include legislative and policy initiatives. Unfortunately, some of these efforts are flawed insofar as they are based on Western models, with relatively little input from stakeholders in the region. Evidence suggests that these efforts, while admirable, fail because they are not sufficiently nuanced to capture and address the socioeconomic and cultural causes of trafficking in the Caribbean. Surveying the region’s human trafficking experts—namely survivors, NGOs focused on trafficking in the Caribbean, scholars, government actors, and policy makers—may be a step toward filling the data gap and developing anti-trafficking solutions that are better suited to the region. Data from a survey gathering regional experts’ input on the strengths and weaknesses of different Caribbean countries’ responses to human trafficking could empower the Caribbean region to tackle the issues with solutions created by and for Caribbean people. Altering or expanding on existing solutions in ways that address the unique cultural, social, economic, and geographic situation of the Caribbean will ultimately be the most effective way to eradicate human trafficking in the region
Arias, Enrique Desmond, and Thomas Grisaffi, eds. Cocaine: From Coca Fields to the Streets.
No full textHayden, Sally. My Fourth Time, We Drowned: Seeking Refuge on the World’s Deadliest Migration Route.
No full textLittoral Piracy in Colonial Nigeria: The Lagos Lagoon in the Interwar Years
No full textThe antiquity of piracy in Nigeria’s coastal waters has been traced to the precolonial period, especially the nineteenth century. However, the period of British colonial rule, specifically, the interwar years, has been neglected in the literature. This paper examines piracy on the Lagos Lagoon during the interwar years in the framework of concurrent concepts of piracy. It contributes to the literature on piracy by reclassifying piratical acts in association with specific water bodies. Hence, this case study of “littoral piracy” is situated in the geography, population movements, economic activities, and colonial policing in the Lagos Lagoon system. Several incidents reported between 1918 and 1937 highlight the incidence of piracy, the attendant human and material toll, the consequent police operations, and judicial adjudication of these incidents. The paper demonstrates how littoral piracy evolved as organized (state-backed) and haphazard (freelance) enterprises in changing contexts of contested and uncontested hegemonies during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
South America's Transnational Solidarity with Southern Africa: Chilean and Argentine Exiles as Cooperators in Mozambique, 1976-1986
Get PDFAfter declaring the country’s independence from Portugal in June 1975, the Mozambique Liberation Front focused its efforts on building a modern nation-state and implementing a development strategy to pave the way for a socialist society. The initial lack of cadres for building and managing a postcolonial national state and the new state economy led it to request the international cooperation and solidarity of the Global Left. The aim of this paper is to analyze the notions and practices of international solidarity among leftist Chilean and Argentine exiles who assumed the role of professional-technical cooperators in independent Mozambique between 1976 and 1986. The working method is based on a qualitative analysis of the information obtained from oral sources, documents of the period, and specialist literature
Book Review: Making Institutions Work in South Africa by Daniel Plaatjies
No full textReview of Plaatjies, Daniel (ed.). Making Institutions Work in South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Human Research Council, 2021)