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Comparative Analysis of Human Trafficking in Caribbean and African Islands from the Annual Trafficking in Persons Report
No full textThis chapter will examine trends in human trafficking in Caribbean and African islands over the past five years as documented in the US Department of State’s annual Trafficking in Persons Report (2016–2021). The countries that will be examined include Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and the Grenadines in the Caribbean region and Cabo Verde, Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zanzibar, Tunisia, and Bijagos, Guinea-Bissau, in Africa. This article will examine what countries in these two regions have accomplished in the areas of prosecution of traffickers, victim protection, and prevention activities, as well as discuss the challenges and shortcomings in the anti-trafficking efforts of these island countries. The chapter will discuss the common elements across these regions facilitating success and failures in combating human trafficking. The chapter will end by discussing what policy recommendations, capacity-building initiatives, and cross-regional collaborations could be launched to address these collective trafficking problems
Book Review: The Lettered Barriada: Workers, Archival Power, and the Politics of Knowledge in Puerto Rico by Jorell Meléndez Badillo
No full textReview of: Meléndez Badillo, Jorell. The Lettered Barriada: Workers, Archival Power, and the Politics of Knowledge in Puerto Rico. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2021
Kamga, Serges Djoyou. The Right to Development in Africa: Issues, Constraints, and Prospects.
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Klubock, Thomas Miller. Ránquil: Rural Rebellion, Political Violence, and Historical Memory in Chile.
No full textStates, Migrants, and the Challenge of International Human Smuggling and Trafficking in the Horn of Africa
No full textCountering the smuggling and trafficking of persons from the Horn of Africa to Western Europe and preventing the ensuing violations of the human rights of migrants has long been a challenge for states and international organizations. Focusing on the roles human smugglers, traffickers, and states play in smuggling and trafficking in persons, the study explains the persistence of smuggling and trafficking in terms of the following variables: (1) high supply of migrants, (2) profitability of the smuggling and trafficking in persons criminal business, (3) low level of prosecution and conviction of human smugglers and traffickers, (4) migrant, smuggler and trafficker efficient use of modern means of communications, and (5) divergent state policies and priorities on countering smuggling and trafficking in persons. The study concludes with an observation that the irregular human migration from the region and the attendant serious violations of migrant rights is difficult to resolve because it is a state-enabled phenomenon, and calls upon states, particularly EU member states, to revisit their policies to effect human migration that will benefit all stakeholders
Book Review: Hack with a Grenade: An Editor’s Back Stories of SA News by Gasant Abarder
No full textReview of Abarder, Gasant. Hack with a Grenade: An Editor’s Back Stories of SA News. Cape Town, South Africa: Human Sciences Research Council, 2020
Maceration Techniques for Human Fetal and Perinatal Bone
No full textForensic anthropologists working with cases that vary in stages of decomposition are often required to process and macerate remains to complete a forensic analysis. Maceration techniques vary between laboratories, and procedures to facilitate maceration of fetal and perinatal remains are lacking in the literature. This descriptive case study evaluates the use of several maceration techniques for fetal and perinatal remains (n = 2), including cold-water bacterial maceration, hot-water enzymatic maceration, dehydration, and incubation. Dehydration is a new maceration technique previously unpublished. For each technique, the authors assessed ease of maceration, effect on bone quality, and utility for forensic casework and/or donated remains and found all techniques are easy to implement and do not greatly diminish bone quality. Previous research recommends hot-water enzymatic maceration for forensic casework, as it will not degrade DNA and can efficiently remove soft tissues. This case study corroborates this recommendation but finds that incubation may be preferred for fetal remains, as it is quicker and less labor intensive. However, cold-water maceration and dehydration are recommended for donated fetal remains. Cold-water maceration is low maintenance, minimally malodorous, and preferable for disarticulated teaching materials, since this technique avoids any heat-induced warping of fetal bones. Dehydration retains cartilaginous structures and allows for the preservation of articulated elements for comparative specimens in donated collections. By demonstrating several techniques for fetal and perinatal maceration, this case study serves as a starting point toward the creation of general guidelines for forensic anthropology practitioners