University of Florida Press: Journals
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The Rhetoric of Depression: Listening to "Listening to Prozac" in a Pandemic
No full textThis essay examines the persuasive elements of one of the most influential books of the current era in psychiatry: Peter Kramer’s 1993 Listening to Prozac. That book, a text laden with the value of the hyperthymic (optimistic, charismatic, confident)personality, has been praised for illuminating questions of mood and identity, and blamed for ushering in an era of “cosmetic pharmacology”—and for making Prozac an object at the center of promiscuous prescription. The essay revisits depression, Kramer’s signal concern, in a post/pandemic exigence when millions, perhaps billions, of people come to meet the diagnostic criteria for that “disorder.” In many cases, mental-illness diagnosis, as a rhetorical act and a speech act, shifts a problem from social conditions of precarity and inequity, for example, to personal conditions of pathology. How did Kramer participate in making a capacious and biological view of depressed mood so persuasive, and why does it matter that he did
Infertile Exclusions: Countering Race-Based Hyperfertility Narratives Online
No full textWomen of color are more likely to experience infertility compared to white women. Despite this likelihood, infertility continues to be associated with whiteness. This study examines the historical and modern influences of the hyperfertility narrative, a pervasive master narrative linking race and reproduction. Studying Instagram posts about infertility and race, McCann argues that women of color have had to fight for their very inclusion within infertility identities, illustrating the continued rhetorical salience that dominant narratives of race and reproductive enforce within support-seeking environments like Instagram. Specifically, this study demonstrates how WOCr rhetors counter hyperfertility by co-constructingnew counternarratives that frame experiences of infertility through experiences with race and racism. These counternarratives involve three empowerment strategies: witnessing, visual counterstorying, and attribution. By studying how marginalized rhetors counter hyperfertility narratives, the study illustrates a kind of invitational knowledge-building that occurs within histories of race and reproduction. Overall, this work pushes scholars and practitioners in reproductive care to acknowledge how racial identities, and perhaps personhood itself, is de/valued around and through reproductive abilities
Munene, Ishmael, ed. Ensuring All Children Learn: Lessons from the South on What Works in Equity and Inclusion.
No full textDocumenting Outdoor Simulated Scenes with Photogrammetry: Methods for Improving Harsh Natural Lighting Conditions
No full textIn both traditional and forensic archaeology, the thorough documentation of context is essential to a proper excavation or recovery, as the processing of archaeological sites and forensic scenes is an inherently destructive process. Over the past few decades, close-range photogrammetry (CRP) has become increasingly utilized by archaeologists to digitally record their excavations. However, CRP has not been employed regularly during outdoor forensic archaeological scene recoveries, and therefore protocols are not well defined for this context. One important consideration when employing CRP is the impact of natural lighting conditions. Light is an important variable when recording scenes using CRP because the quality of light can affect the visual quality of the model and imagery. In particular, shadows from the photographer’s body, trees, and other structures are unavoidable when collecting images around the perimeter of scenes, a requirement of photogrammetry data collection. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether implementing light correction tools would improve the three-dimensional model imagery. Two mock forensic scenes with different lighting conditions were photographed four times each in order to test the application of light correction tools, including a large tarp and artificial lights, for mitigating harsh lighting conditions. The results demonstrate that a tarp is a viable light correction tool that can improve the visual quality of the final models by eliminating lighting inconsistencies in both open and wooded environments. Based on these results, improved guidelines for the application of CRP to outdoor forensic archaeological scenes are presented
A Case of Complete Hyoid Body Agenesis and the Benefits of Anthropology Consultation When Assessing Structures of the Neck
No full textThis case study details a rare finding of hyoid body agenesis. Anthropological consultation on structures of the neck is frequently utilized at the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner. This practice allows for anthropology findings to supplement and support the autopsy reports produced by the medical examiners, often detailing the presence of trauma and/or anatomical variants. In this case, while no trauma to the neck was suspected, anthropological consultation revealed a unique hyoid morphology that has not yet been documented in the forensic literature. Moreover, this morphology seems to support a single developmental origin for the hyoid body, which has been theorized in recent embryological research. Analysis of this hyoid body agenesis may contribute meaningful data to discussions regarding hyoid bone developmental origins and provide a useful example for other forensic cases involving similar morphology. This case exemplifies the benefit of pathological and anthropological collaboration in distinguishing between trauma, pathology, and anatomical variants when assessing structures of the neck
Daubert and the Effect on Biological Profile Research
No full textAs a core component of casework, methods for estimating the biological profile must meet current legal standards to be admissible as part of a forensic anthropologist’s expert witness testimony. Since the 1993 US Supreme Court Daubert decision, forensic anthropologists have voiced concern that methods relying on subjective or qualitative data might now be at risk of judicial exclusion. This research used a bibliometric approach to assess whether current forensic anthropology research has shifted toward the use of more objective and/or quantitative data. Forensic anthropology articles published in the Journal of Forensic Sciences between 1972 and 2020 were reviewed (n = 1,142), with data collected on each article’s topic, use of different data types, and inclusion of observer error studies. A subset of articles focusing on methods for estimating the four main parameters of the biological profile (age, sex, ancestry/population affinity, stature) was analyzed using chi-square tests for trend in proportions. Age and sex estimation articles showed a significant shift toward more quantitative data (p < 0.001), although no biological profile subtopic showed a significant shift toward more objective data. While this may seem to be a surprising result, a deeper review of current legal standards and standards of practice suggests that Daubert does not require significant changes to how forensic anthropologists approach research design and method development. So long as the principles of good science are followed, the continued reliance on qualitative data should not be a concern from the standpoint of evidentiary admissibility
Pain, No Gain? A Narrative Analysis Exploring the Accounts of Older African American Patients and Their Discussion of Pain Management Related to Chronic Illness
No full textDrawing from interviews conducted as part of a study of older African Americans with multimorbidity, we argue how various forms of racism work together to shape communication between doctors and patients. By focusing on what patients say about pain, we highlight patient descriptions of their relationships with pain management, their interactions with healthcare providers, and how they navigate understanding their chronic conditions. Our documentation of patient experience with stigmas and biases suggests what is needed for more empathetic and effective communication within the doctor and patient relationship. We conclude by using the interview data to propose addressing racial inequality in health care in the United States through educational reform and training initiatives grounded in rhetorical research.
The Architecture of the Country-by-Country Minimum Tax Regime Proposed by the United States
No full textThe Article discusses the structural dynamics that will underlie the international negotiations prompted by a U.S. proposal about a minimum global tax. Part I outlines the main features of this proposal, while Part II describes in more in detail how home countries can upgrade their strategies against profit-shifting and tax competition through a “country-by-country minimum tax” under a comprehensive agreement pursued at the OECD/G20 level. The Article then discusses at Part III discusses how we are heading toward an “international tax regime,” a concept drawn from international relations and now brought to bear in international taxation, presenting a grammar of tax concepts about multilateralism and cooperation together with a description of how rational choice theory can be applied to collective action problems. Part IV discusses in more in detail the functioning of the minimum tax regime proposed by the United States, while Part V discusses how this approach can be advanced by the United States acting as initiator through minilateralism, the variant of multilateralism which requires the inclusion in a compact of the smallest possible number of countriesneeded to have the largest possible impact on solving a pervasive tax problem. Part VI draws some preliminary conclusions about the country-by-country minimum tax regime at the OECD level. The Article concludes at Part VII by canvassing a potential paradigm shift in international taxation toward cooperative minilateralism as we move in the direction of a global minimum tax
Assessing the Impact of Holocene Climate Change on Bioavailable Strontium Within the Nile River Valley: Geochemical and Radiogenic Isotope Perspectives
No full textThe impact of the climate drying during the Holocene within the Nile River Valley System (NRVS) has been the focus of recent debate in the archaeological community. It is argued that the increased contribution of aeolian material from the neighboring Sahara Desert during the last ~7,000 years has changed the isotope compositions of bioavailable Sr relative to the geological background and thus hinders provenance investigations of human remains within the NRVS. This study reports new trace element and strontium (Sr), neodymium (Nd), and lead (Pb) isotope compositions for a combined total of 125 samples consisting of human tooth enamel and various faunal samples from different time periods, and present-day botanical samples from 11 archaeological sites along the NRVS. The new isotope data combined with published data do not support a time-dependent increase in a Saharan aeolian bioavailable Sr component during the Holocene within the NRVS; in general, Sr isotope compositions for human enamel samples match those of their corresponding faunal matrices, and these define a similar range of isotope compositions over the various time periods. The Nd and Pb isotope compositions for human tooth enamel reported here also support the limited contribution of Saharan aeolian dust within the NVRS
Trauma and Violence in Medieval Poland: An Intersectional Analysis
No full textThe concept of intersectionality was developed by Black feminist scholars to explore how multiple identities of an individual interact with and impact a variety of outcomes, both biological and social. Intersectional analysis of trauma has been demonstrated to be an effective method for bioarchaeologists to gain a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of violence in the past. The study presented here examines the patterns of trauma, including violent trauma, in an urbanizing medieval Polish population (tenth–thirteenth centuries) and employs intersectional analysis to explore the lived experiences of those who suffered violent injuries. A sample of 95 adult remains from three cemeteries located in the politically important medieval gród (i.e., garrisoned stronghold) of Poznań reveals a low overall trauma rate of 6.3% as well as a low rate of violent trauma (2.1%). Intersectional analysis of the two individuals with violent trauma, including one with perimortem injuries and one with antemortem injuries, suggests that neither was a soldier at the time of their death. Moreover, the combination of their age, sex, social status, and residence in an urban setting played a significant role in their resulting injuries.
El concepto de interseccionalidad fue desarrollado por académicas feministas negras para explorar cómo las múltiples identidades de un individuo interactúan e impactan una variedad de resultados, tanto biológicos como sociales. Se ha demostrado que el análisis interseccional del trauma es un método eficaz para que los bioarqueólogos obtengan una comprensión más completa y matizada de la violencia en el pasado. El estudio presentado aquí examina los patrones de trauma, incluyendo el trauma violento en una población polaca medieval en proceso de urbanización (siglos X–XIII) y emplea un análisis interseccional para explorar las experiencias vividas por quienes sufrieron las lesiones violentas. Una muestra de 95 restos de adultos de tres cementerios ubicados en el gród medieval políticamente importante (es decir, un bastión con guarnición) de Poznań revela una baja tasa general de traumatismos del 6,3 %, así como una baja tasa de traumatismos violentos (2,1 %). El análisis interseccional de los dos individuos con traumatismos violentos, incluido uno con lesiones perimortem y otro con lesiones antemortem, sugiere que ninguno de los dos era soldado en el momento de su muerte. Además, la combinación de su edad, sexo, estatus social y residencia en un entorno urbano jugaron un rol importante en las lesiones resultantes