University of Florida Press: Journals
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Levin, Ayala. Architecture and Development: Israeli Construction in Sub-Saharan Africa and Settler Colonial Imagination, 1958–1973.
No full textPadilla, Tanalís. Unintended Lessons of Revolution: Student Teachers and Political Radicalism in Twentieth Century Mexico.
No full textCategorization of Foreign Aid Donors: A Critical Review of the Criteria in Light of China's Reemergence as a Donor
No full textOver the past several decades, the dichotomy between traditional and emerging donors has been based upon the notion that emerging donors (such as China) support authoritarian regimes and use foreign aid to pursue their economic interests at the expense of the poor in the recipient countries. Accordingly, Western donors, media, and scholars portray Chinese aid as non-poverty-focused. This study aims to review and analyze whether the dichotomy between traditional and emerging donors is still relevant in the current aid system and to propose a new and rigorous criterion for recategorizing donors. In terms of methodology, this study relies on secondary data, including scholarly works on traditional and emerging donors and foreign aid policy documents. Conclusions based on the research indicate that the divide between traditional donors and (re)emerging donors is becoming more ambiguous. The literature review indicates that the two donors’ aids had a mixed impact and that their approaches were similar. This paper highlights the importance of developing different recategorization criteria depending on the impact of aid
Rethinking African Regionalism: Assessing How Regimes Use the African Union
No full textThis paper critically analyzes the African Union’s (AU) efforts toward continental integration, highlighting the gap between its rhetoric and the actions of member states’ political leaders. The paper suggests that the AU’s focus on individual state sovereignty, rather than continental unity, is partly due to its self-serving role for the political elite, serving as a vessel for regime-boosting and sovereignty-enhancing purposes. The paper acknowledges some of the successes of the AU in reducing armed conflicts and military coups through its Peace and Security Council, Panels of Conflicts Resolution, and the African Standby Force for peace missions. It also recognizes the potential benefits of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), which aims to lower or eliminate cross-border tariffs on most goods, promote investment, and pave the way for a continent-wide customs union. However, the paper argues that “performative” Pan-Africanism efforts demonstrate the persistent gap between the AU’s rhetoric and actions. Therefore, a close examination of the AU reveals how reigning regimes use regionalism as “opportunity structures” in political crises. The paper suggests that the AU’s focus on individual state sovereignty reinforces traditional notions of sovereignty and hinders the process of continental integration. The paper contributes to the scholarship of regionalism by examining the less prominent roles of integration in Africa. It also highlights how supranational entities can be adaptive and mutative for their specific locales. Finally, the paper calls for critically examining the AU’s role and potential for promoting genuine continental unit
The Dubious Constitutional Origins of Treaty Overrides: A Response to Rosenbloom and Shaheen
No full textIn 1888, the Supreme Court decided a case called Whitney v. Robertson, which is generally considered to be the source of the proposition that, under the Constitution, later-in-time statutes can override earlier treaties (the Rule). The Rule is highly controversial because it violates articles 26 and 27 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), which the United States has accepted as binding on it as customary international law (CIL). Despite that, the United States has since Whitney routinely engaged in treaty overrides, and the Court has repeatedly endorsed the Rule even while narrowing its application to cases where Congress has clearly expressed its intent to override.
Despite the common consensus, the statement of the Rule in Whitney was dicta since the Court held that the later statute did not conflict with the earlier treaty. So, when did the Court state the Rule as a holding that can be relied upon when Congress enacts legislation that purports to override treaties? The answer is that the Rule is based not on the Constitution (since the Supremacy Clause says nothing about the relationship between treaties and statutes) but on two old cases from 1870 and 1884, both of which related to disfavored groups: Cherokee Tobacco (Indians) and Head Money (Jews). This Article argues that the Rule is not needed as a constitutional matter. Outside the tax area, the courts will interpret later statutes as overriding earlier treaties only if Congress makes its desire to do so explicit, but when it does, then the courts will defer to it regardless of the VCLT because CIL in the United States is limited to situations where Congress has not spoken, and because courts respect the explicitly expressed will of Congress and follow the later-in-time principle as a matter of statutory interpretation. There is no need to rely on the Constitution for this outcome, nor for avoiding treaty overrides where Congress has not been clear because that result follows from an application of the lex specialis canon (i.e., that a more specific law (the treaty) overcomes the more general one (the generally applicable statute) even when the statute is later in time). In the tax area, Congress codified the Rule in 1988 as section 7852(d) of the Code, and in that context made it clear that later-in-time tax statutes can override earlier tax treaties even when there is no clear statement of congressional intent. This exception has implications involving hundreds of billions in tax revenue.
Given this outcome and the dubious historical origins and doubtful Constitutional basis for the Rule, the Court should overrule Cherokee Tobacco and Head Money and leave the issue of overrides to Congress
Desert Dust and City Smoke: Investigating the Impact of Urbanization and Aridification on the Prevalence of Pulmonary/ Pleural Inflammation in the Middle Nile Valley (2500 B.C. to 1500 A.D.)
No full textThis study investigates the impact of urbanization and aridification on prevalence rates of lower respiratory tract disease in archaeological populations from the Middle Nile Valley. Evidence for pulmonary/pleural inflammation, in the form of inflammatory periosteal reaction (IPR) on the visceral surfaces of the ribs, was recorded in humanskeletal remains (452 adult/adolescent individuals, 17+ years) recovered from 12 Middle Nile Valley sites, dating from the Kerma to Medieval periods (c. 2500 B.C.–1500 A.D.). Results reveal that the urban Middle Nile Valley group presented a significantly higher prevalence rate of IPR than the rural group. Increased population density, household crowding and social mixing, poorer sanitation, and greater air, food, and water pollution may have all contributed to a high prevalence of lower respiratory tract inflammation in urban groups. To further investigate the impact of aridification and the desert environment on respiratory health, all available data from other published prevalence studies of rib IPR in adults from around the world were also collated and grouped according to Köppen climate classification. A significant difference was observed between populations from arid/semi-arid environments and populations from temperate environments. While a number of confounding factors may be involved, this result could be indicative of the impact of arid environments on respiratory health (now becoming apparent in modern clinical research). Further bioarchaeological studies of populations from different climatic and environmental conditions would be timely, considering the current concerns with climate change, including aridification and its global impact on not just respiratory health but a wide range of conditions.
تبحث هذه الدراسة في تأثير اتساع الرقعة الحضرية والجفاف على معدلات انتشار أمراض الجهاز التنفسي السفلي في التجمعات الأثريةفي وادي النيل الأوسط. تم تسجيل أدلة على وجود إلتهاب رئوي /جنبي ، في شكل تفاعل سمحاقي إلتهابي (IPR) على الأسطح الحشويةللأضلاع ، في بقايا هياكل عظمية بشرية ) 452 فردًا بالغًا / مراهقاً ، 17 عامًا فما فوق( تم استردادها من 12 موقعًا في وادي النيل الأوسط ،يعود تاريخها من كرمة إلى العصور الوسطى )حوالي 2500 قبل الميلاد– 1500 ميلادي(. كشفت النتائج أن مجموعة وادي النيل الأوسطالحضرية أظهرت معدل انتشار أعلى بكثير للإلتهاب السمحاقي من المجموعة الريفية. قد تكون زيادة الكثافة السكانية ، والاكتظاظالمنزلي والاختلاط الاجتماعي ،بالإضافة إلى الصرف الصحي السيء، وزيادة تلوث الهواء والغذاء والماء قد ساهمت جميعها في الإنتشار
العالي لإلتهاب الجهاز التنفسي السفلي في المجموعات الحضرية. لمزيد من التحقيق في تأثير الجفاف والبيئة الصحراوية على صحةالجهاز التنفسي ، تم أيضًا تجميع جميع البيانات المتاحة من كل الدراسات الأخرى المنشورة عن انتشار الإلتهاب السمحاقي عند البالغينمن جميع أنحاء العالم وتجميعها وفقًا لتصنيف كوبن للمناخ. لوحظ فرق كبير بين السكان من البيئات القاحلة / شبه القاحلة والسكان منالبيئات المعتدلة. في حين أنه قد يكون هناك عدد من العوامل المؤثرة ، يمكن أن تكون هذه النتيجة مؤشرا على تأثير البيئات القاحلة علىصحة الجهاز التنفسي )أصبح ذلك الآن واضحا في البحوث السريرية الحديثة(. مزيد من الدراسات البيولوجية الأثرية للسكان من ظروفمناخية وبيئية مختلفة سوف تكون في وقتها، مع الأخذ في الاعتبار المخاوف الحالية بشأن تغير المناخ ، بما في ذلك الجفاف وتأثيرهالعالمي ، الذي لا يتناول فقط صحة الجهاز التنفسي ، بل يشتمل على مجموعة متعددة من الظروف.
Penelope by Silvana La Spina (trans. by Anna Chiafele and Lisa Pike)
No full textReview of: Silvana La Spina. Penelope. Trans. Anna Chiafele and Lisa Pike. Bordighera Press, 2021. 150 pages
Korean Philosophy: Source and Interpretations, edited by Youn Sa-soon and trans. by Sohn Yoo-taek
No full textReview of: Youn Sa-soon (ed.) and Sohn Yoo-taek (trans.). Korean Philosophy: Source and Interpretations. Korea University Press, 2015. 804 pages
