University of Florida Press: Journals
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Ousley—Repatriation and the Smithsonian
No full textThe repatriation of Native American human remains has been a significant issue at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History for the past 40 years. Following the requirements of the National Museum of the American Indian Act of 1989, which mandated the use of the best available scientific and historical documentation to trace tribal origins, the Museum created the Repatriation Osteology Laboratory, which Stephen Ousley directed for the majority of his career at the Smithsonian. For nearly a decade, Ousley led exemplary osteological research in the service of repatriation, applying techniques of forensic anthropology, innovating craniometric and statistical analyses, and working collaboratively with the museum’s Native American partners. His high standards for the research and objective treatment of osteological evidence requiring critical thinking have served as a model for the Repatriation Office, students, and Native and non-Native researchers he worked with during his time at the Smithsonian and beyond
rASUDAS2: A New Iteration of the Application for Assessing the Population Affinity of Individuals by Tooth Crown and Root Morphology
No full textThe web-based application rASUDAS, originally based on data from “The Anthropology of Modern Human Teeth,” has been refined since its inception in 2015, undergoing two significant updates. The initial alpha version included 12 crown and five root traits. The beta version expanded the list to 15 crown traits and six root traits. The latest iteration, rASUDAS2, has expanded to include four additional traits along with seven backup traits, allowing for flexibility in cases where certain primary traits, like shoveling on UI1, cannot be scored, so shoveling expression on UI2 is utilized. The Bayesian algorithm powering rASUDAS2 employs trait frequencies derived from archaeological finds. To evaluate its effectiveness with contemporary samples, rASUDAS2 was tasked with calculating posterior probabilities for samples of African and European descent. Utilizing between 12 and 25 traits, it assigns individuals to one of seven major biogeographic groups: Western Eurasia (WE), East Asia (EA), American Arctic (AA), non-Arctic America (n-AA), Southeast Asia (SEA), Australo-Melanesia (AM), and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In a modern African sample (n = 159), the probability of classification into the Sub-Saharan African group was the highest at 68.6%, followed by Western Eurasian at 22.0%, with probabilities ranging from 0.6% to 4.4% for the other groups. Similarly, in a European-derived sample (n = 161), 75.2% were assigned to Western Eurasia and 13.0% to Sub-Saharan Africa, with the remaining 12% distributed among other groups. Approximately three out of four individuals from these regions could be accurately placed within their respective biogeographic groups. However, the likelihood of these individuals being assigned to any Asian-related group is low, at less than 10%. When assessing two mixed African and European samples, results indicated nearly equal percentages of affinity assignment, with around 40% for Sub-Saharan African and 30% for Western Eurasian
The Concept of Stigma in American Psychiatry: A Rhetorical Analysis
No full textThis essay presents a rhetorical analysis of how the concept of stigma has functioned in American psychiatric discourse by tracing the concept across nearly two centuries of publications issued by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Specifically, I analyze how the concept of stigma circulates in discourses that seek to (re)establish psychiatry as a moral and scientific enterprise by managing discontinuities that potentially threaten this desired professional status. These discourses perpetually reconstitute psychiatry’s institutional identity through processes of emplacement, or recurrent spatiotemporal figurations that generate a sense of the present as placed in time. My analysis identifies three spatiotemporal figurations, or chronotopes, that persistently cluster around the concept of stigma as it circulates in psychiatric discourse: emergence, approach, and elevation. These chronotopes establish and maintain psychiatry’s professional identity by recursively (re)orienting the present against stigma, and toward an imminent future characterized by the fulfillment of psychiatry’s scientific and humanitarian mission.
A Dialogue on Public Health Celebrities during COVID-19
No full textThis dialogue offers a transnational perspective on the emergence of public health officials (PHOs) as celebrities during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on scholarship on public health rhetorics (e.g., Keränen, 2014; Malkowski & Melonçon, 2019) and on our experiences of living through the ongoing pandemic as well as observing its effects in Australia, Canada, China, and the United States, we focused our discussion on our local contexts; key public health celebrities who emerged in those contexts; changes in public reaction to those figures over time; and why the celebrification of public health figures is of interest to scholars in rhetoric of health and medicine. We close by reflecting on how our transnational discussion of public health celebrities has reshaped our understanding of celebrification in health and outline key areas of future collaboration and inquiry.
“Crafty” Rhetoric: Legal Advocates Intervene for Survivors of Domestic Abuse
No full textBuilding on mental health rhetoric research (MHRR), I explore how legal advocates in non-profit organizations guide survivors of domestic abuse in obtaining orders for protection (OFPs). State statutes not only dictate what a petition for an OFP must contain, but these statutes and resulting documents also reflect cultural and structural biases about domestic abuse. Through rhetorical analysis of state statutes and personal interviews with legal advocates in this inductive and qualitative study, I discovered that these advocates engage in subversive rhetorical intervention, what the advocates call “crafty” intervention. Such intervention is designed to meet the requirements of state statutes for an OFP and also provide a way for survivors to tell their stories in their own way. This intervention sets the stage for helping survivors heal from the trauma of domestic abuse, convincing judges that survivors need OFPs to stay safe, and demonstrating to state legislators that domestic abuse statutes may be too restrictive.
Graphic RHM Teaser: KC Councilor, Artist Statement: "Immortal Lightheartedness"
No full textA preview of Graphic RH
Review of Rhetorical ethos in health and medicine: Patient credibility, stigma, and misdiagnosis; Cathryn Molloy, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2020. 180 pages, $52.95 Paperback
No full textReview of Rhetorical ethos in health and medicine: Patient credibility, stigma, and misdiagnosis; Cathryn Molloy, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2020. 180 pages, $52.95 Paperbac
Photogrammetric Point-Cloud Replicability When Documenting Forensic Archaeological Scenes under Variable Lighting Conditions
No full textForensic archaeological scenes involving human skeletal remains in wooded environments can be challenging to documentutilizing close-range photogrammetry (CRP) due to the complex nature of outdoor scenes. Previous research has demonstrated that changinglighting conditions can negatively affect three-dimensional (3D) model quality. The purpose of this research was therefore to test theimpact of variable lighting on the replicability of 3D point clouds using CRP in a wooded environment. One scattered scene was createdusing a composite human skeleton and several clothing items. The scene was photographed three times during one day to capture changinglighting conditions: at 9:45 am (Model 1), at noon (Model 2), and at 2 pm (Model 3). Photographs were collected freehand from multipleview angles using a Sony α7 III camera with a fixed wide-anglelens, and the models were processed using Agisoft Metashape Professional.All three models achieved a total scale bar error of less than 1 mm and therefore met the accepted standards for crime scene mappingbest practices. The dense point clouds were then analyzed using CloudCompare to assess point-cloud replicability between modelpairs. The Multiscale Model to Model Cloud Comparison (M3C2) tool was used to calculate signed distances between point-cloud pairs.Also, histograms that display these point-to-pointdeviations were generated for each comparison, and a Gaussian distribution was fittedto each histogram. Deviations between point clouds were minimal, indicating that CRP-generated point clouds are replicable under changinglighting conditions, as well as other environmental variables, such as mild wind conditions and complex ground surfaces. Thus, it isrecommended that forensic archaeologists incorporate CRP into their documentation protocol
MaMD Analytical 1.0: A Computer Program for Macromorphoscopic Trait Analysis
No full textWe outline the functionalities and application of MaMD Analytical—a new, freely available software package for the estimation of population affinity using human cranial macromorphoscopic (MMS) traits. MaMD Analytical captures MMS scores using line drawings following the procedures outlined by Hefner and Linde (2018). MaMD Analytical generates classifications (with estimated likelihoods) into forensically significant populations using an artificial neural network and reference samples drawn from the Macromorphoscopic Databank (MaMD). Summary data (sensitivity, specificity, x-validated classification accuracies) are provided. In this article, we apply MaMD Analytical to a large sample of identified individuals not used in the original model building to assess utility and demonstrate the typical outputs for MaMD Analytical. MaMD Analytical facilitates construction of the biological profile and provides a number of safeguards in summary statistics as a valuable addition to the forensic anthropological analysis toolkit. MaMD Analytical is written in the open-source R environment integrating a previously developed artificial neural network model to estimate population affinity using well-documented and validated approaches