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The Second Revolution in Forensic Anthropology: Steve Ousley's Big Data Plans
No full textThis article tells the story of Steve Ousley’s vision for skeletal data in anthropology: an update to the Forensic Data Bank for the twenty-first century, based on the Commingled Remains Analytics (CoRA) ecosystem, with the aim of accumulating high-quality “big data” and harnessing artificial intelligence/machine learning algorithms for research, casework, and education. We share our recollections of events leading up to a meeting of the minds at the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) at Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska in 2019 and offer a few thoughts about next steps. We have tried to tell this story through Steve’s eyes, using his words to describe his vision by including several emails that communicate his love of data, spirit, and wonderful sense of humor
Toward a Queer and (Trans)Formative Methodology for Rhetoric of Health and Medicine: Institutional Critique
No full textThis article argues that the field of rhetoric of health and medicine (RHM) needs queer and (trans)formative methodologies to support a disempowered, ignored, and devalued queer community. Building directly from Mohan J. Dutta’s (2022) work, the article 1) addresses that RHM scholarly practices attend to whiteness and neglect to amplify queer and transgender interventional and rhetorical approaches; 2) develops a methodology–institutional critique–for RHM practitioners that crosses disciplinary boundaries to showcase cistematic oppression at infrastructural, structural, institutional, and interpersonal levels; and 3) provides a personal medical story that showcases how institutions fail transgender and queer patients. Through this work, this article argues for the need for rhetorical methodological intervention in RHM research and to mobilize transgender rhetorical agency through coalitional building.
Review of Stigma Stories: Rhetoric, Lived Experience, and Chronic Illness. Molly Margaret Kessler. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 2022. 240 pages, 29.95 paperback, $37.95 ebook. https://ohiostatepress.org/books/titles/97808
No full textReview of: Stigma Stories: Rhetoric, Lived Experience, and Chronic Illness. Molly Margaret Kessler. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 2022. 240 pages, 29.95 paperback, $37.95 ebook. https://ohiostatepress.org/books/titles/9780814214916.htm
Book Review: Tax Without Law
No full textReview of: Wei Cui, The Administrative Foundations of the Chinese Fiscal State. Cambridge University Press, 2022. Pp. xiv, 288
Documenting the Presence of Chagas Disease in Prehistoric North America: Applying the Stockholm Paradigm to Archaeoparasitology (Part II)
No full textThe DAMA protocol (Document, Assess, Monitor, Act) is the applied aspect of the Stockholm Paradigm. Evidence from archaeology and history of medicine has a demonstrated value in documenting infection risk for specific study areas. Bioarchaeological remains and historical documents show vivid examples of pathology related to the Chagas disease life cycle. The science of archaeology defines the lifestyles that created risk of triatomine kissing bug infestations and trypanosome protozoa infections. Paleogenetics, in the form of molecular analyses of Trypanosoma cruzi, elucidate the temporal origins of genetic variants and adaptation to human environments. We illustrate how these fields reveal the risk of Chagas disease for the deserts of North America. Paleogenetics define the very ancient spread of T. cruzi in North America that put Paleoamericans at infection risk. Mummy studies and detailed examination of landscape archaeology detail an Archaic lifestyle that put humans at risk. Medical entomological investigations of archaeological parks, with descriptions of observed pathology, fill in the picture of prehistoric agricultural town association with the Chagas disease life cycle. The approach is detailed in this article.
El aspecto aplicado del Paradigma de Estocolmo es el protocolo DAMA (Documentar, Analizar, Monitorear, Actuar). La información obtenida a través de la arqueología y la historia de la medicina es de un valor incalculable a la hora de documentar el riesgo de infección en áreas de estudio. Tanto la bioarqueología como los documentos históricos evidencian casos de patologías relacionadas con la enfermedad del Chagas en el pasado. La información obtenida por la arqueología, por su lado, nos muestra qué condiciones socia les y culturales crearon casos específicos de riesgo de infestación de un insecto triatoma conocido como “vinchuca” y transmisor del parásito responsable del Chagas. Por su lado, los análisis paleogenéticos del Trypanosoma cruzi nos ayudan a entender los orígenes de la evolución de las diferentes formas infecciosas del parásito y su adaptación en entornos humanos. En el siguiente artículo demostramos como estas informaciones aclaran el riesgo de infección para Chagas en los desiertos de Norte América. Así pues, los estudios en paleogenética junto con la arqueoparasitológía de momias definen los más antiguos orígenes del T. cruzi en Norte América. Los estudios del paisaje nos ayudan a detallar los comportamientos sociales y culturales que puso en riesgo de infección a las sociedades arcaicas. Investigaciones en entomología médica, con sus correspondientes patologías, en el personal trabajador en sitios y centros de interpretación arqueológicos nos muestra como en el pasado estos yacimientos pudieron estar asociados a la enfermedad del Chagas
Hewamanne, Sandya. Restitching Identities in Rural Sri Lanka: Gender, Neoliberalism, and the Politics of Contentment.
No full textHardesty, Jared Ross. Mutiny on the Rising Sun: A Tragic Tale of Slavery, Smuggling, and Chocolate.
No full textChalfin, Brenda. Waste Works: Vital Politics in Urban Ghana.
No full textReview of: Chalfin, Brenda. Waste Works: Vital Politics in Urban Ghana. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2023
Capp, Bernard. British Slaves and Barbary Corsairs 1580–1750.
No full textCapp, Bernard. British Slaves and Barbary Corsairs 1580–1750. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022
Tax Law Enforcement and Redistributive Policies
No full textThe Inflation Reduction Act signed by President Biden on August 16, 2022, allocated $80 billion in additional funding for the IRS. While Democrats unanimously supported the bill, not a single Republican voted in favor of it. The first legislation advanced by the new Republican majority in 2023 was to repeal this increase in IRS funding. Given the diminished state of IRS enforcement capacity, increasing the resources devoted to tax enforcement seems like an obvious imperative without a clear partisan valence. One might think that political and ideological battles would be fought over what the tax law is, not whether the IRS has the resources to enforce it. But IRS funding has become a major political point of contention. Why is tax law enforcement such a partisan issue?
In this Article we propose an answer. We argue that the income tax is the primary instrument for income redistribution, and so the efficacy of tax enforcement shapes people’s support for redistribution. When the IRS makes sure people pay their taxes, support for income redistribution increases. And when the IRS is unable to enforce the nation’s tax laws, support for income redistribution decreases. Thus, for political progressives increasing tax enforcement generates a double dividend. It both provides more funds for redistribution and also increases political support for redistribution, which can then be translated into redistributive changes to the tax law. For symmetric reasons, reducing tax enforcement generates a double dividend for those who disfavor income redistribution.
To support our theory, we use unique data from the General Social Survey on perceptions of tax law enforcement. We show that perceptions of tax enforcement are strongly correlated with redistributive preferences. Specifically, people who think that tax law is underenforced are less likely to support income redistribution. We find similar results when looking at specific redistributive welfare programs. To disentangle causation from correlation, we administered a national representative survey which specifically asked about the effects of increased tax law enforcement on support for redistribution.
Thus, tax law enforcement does not only determine the amount of tax revenue we collect; it also shapes our redistributive preferences which in turn affects our redistributive polices. This means that as long as our political parties are divided about the desirability of income redistribution, the political battles around IRS funding and enforcement are not likely to wane