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The Constitution of Individual Rhetorical Agency in a Health Risk Situation: How an influencer is Putting AMR on the Agenda
No full textWhat makes societies see, acknowledge, and constitute an issue as a crisis which should be acted upon? We address this by examining a specific instance of media attention to a creeping health crisis, namely the communication of an individual non-governmental actor, the influencer Ingeborg Senneset. We ask: What is the rhetorical agency of an individual opinion leader (influencer) in a health risk situation such as the creeping AMR-crisis?
Our study demonstrates that the rhetorical agency of Senneset as an influencer rests on three interrelated communicative strategies: First, she enacts what we term a multiple ethos implying both the expertise of a professional and the authenticity of an ordinary person; Second, she uses narratives of fear with a rational grounding; Third, she establishes and works rhetorically within a diverse digital ecology where she publishes, posts, and comments on several different platforms, where the different posts and publications reinforce each other
Review of Fitter, Happier: The Eugenic Strain in Twentieth-Century Cancer Rhetoric. Lois Peters Agnew. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2024. 188 pages, 120 Hard-cover, $34.95 eBook. Publisher webpage: https://www.uapress.u
No full textFitter, Happier: The Eugenic Strain in Twentieth-Century Cancer Rhetoric. Lois Peters Agnew. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2024. 188 pages, 120 Hardcover, $34.95 eBook.
Publisher webpage: https://www.uapress.ua.edu/9780817361341/fitter-happier
Spatial Distributions of Isotope Ratios in Tap Water, Hair, and Teeth from Latin America for Region-of- Origin Predictions of Unidentified Border Crossers
No full textIn this article, we present and summarize reference stable isotope data useful in the identification efforts of deceased undocumented border crossers (UBCs) found in southern Arizona and South Texas. In addition, we discuss the use of reference baseline data to refine predictions of region-of-origin of unidentified UBC remains. Overall, Mexican reference hair samples reflect significant consumption of C4 resources, indicating a diet dominated by corn and corn products. Even though meat consumption in the United States is almost twofold that of Mexico, the Mexican δ15N values were elevated over U.S. values, suggesting differences in nitrogen isotope baselines. The comparison of isotope data collected from deceased UBCs recovered from south Texas versus Arizona suggests only small differences in dietary isotopes between the two groups. Geolocation isotopes showed significant differences in δ18O values of both bone and tooth enamel bioapatite, suggesting differences in the sources of drinking water. However, no significant differences were identified between 87Sr/86Sr ratios for the two groups. Further, we present a case application of successful region-of-originpredictions using the δ18O values and 87Sr/86Sr ratios and also discuss some of the inherent limitations and challenges of applying reference data sets to large-scalehumanitarian identification projects
The Overall Biological Profile of Adult Remains from the Winchester Anatomized Site, Massachusetts
No full textThe present research examined the biological profile of an anatomized human skeletal assemblage discovered in Winchester, Massachusetts (Middlesex County), in 2020 during home construction. The analysis included skeletal sex, age, population affinity, and stature of the adult assemblage. Fragmented postcranial bones could not be matched to individuals, so estimations provided a general profile. The Number of Identified Specimens of the adult remains was 14,469, and the Minimum Number of Individuals was 35.
The assemblage was predominantly male skeletal sex: 60.5% of pubic symphyses and 58.8% of greater sciatic notches were male. The average age at death was 23 to 45 years. Population affinity estimation was inconclusive due to cranial fragmentation. Living stature point estimates ranged from 58.1 to 69.9 inches (4 feet 10 inches to 5 feet 10 inches).
This profile was compared to the 1850 U.S. Census and military data. The Winchester remains had a higher male representation, similar to Massachusetts’ 1850 poorhouses, penitentiaries, jails, and houses of correction, which had more males than females. In contrast, Middlesex County’s general population had more females than males. The age range of the remains was similar to the majority age group in 1850 poorhouses and criminal institutions. The stature interval was similar to the average height of White males in the United States military (63.7 inches). The profile suggests these individuals may have come from nearby cemeteries, poorhouses, or criminal institutions
Breaking Character: Disclosing the Methodological Mess of Metarhetorical Attunement and the Kairotic Hinge
No full textThis article breaks from the traditional structure of social science research reports to offer an alternative approach to sharing findings by willfully wading through the methodological mess of research. By narratively reporting results from a site-based study of an acute care simulation, I treat disclosure of my analytical journey as a productive method for introducing and unpacking two key constructs that emerged from my research: “metarhetorical attunement” and “kairotic hinges”; constructs that implicate and seek to develop our critical, rhetorical understandings of time, place, and (in)action. Furthermore, not only do I describe how these constructs operate within a simulation setting, but I model my personal use of them as a researcher participating in a community of practice.
Boundaries of Science in an Online Parenting Community
No full textWhile parents have long turned to experts of various kinds for childrearing advice, books like Emily Oster’s Cribsheet suggest that parents can empower themselves by using research on child development to inform their parenting decisions. The online community r/ScienceBasedParenting was designed as a “safe space” for this kind of parental labor, allowing users to request evidence-based advice without the threat of misinformation that often plagues online parenting spaces. This article analyzes how users of this community establish a boundary between science and nonscience, establishing science as an amorphous shared value rather than a set of processes or standards. The community establishes personal feelings and experiences as unscientific and implicitly inferior to “science,” vaguely construed, and user conversations indicate the struggles associated with this construction. The community’s internal rhetoric illustrates that there are limits to the reassurance and empowerment that evidence-based parenting can provide
RHM's Community as a Source of Hope in Traumatic Times
Full text linkEditors' Introduction to Volume 8 issue
Reassessing Corporate Philanthropy from a Tax Perspective
No full textU.S. corporations make and deduct charitable contributions in excess of $20 billion annually. This Article reassesses corporate philanthropy from a tax perspective, asking first whether the federal tax subsidy for corporate philanthropy is greater than the subsidy for the alternative stakeholder philanthropy, as some commentators have previously found. The answer: it depends. The relative degree of subsidy depends on corporate and individual tax rates, obviously, but also on the incidence of corporate philanthropy, i.e., who bears the cost, which is generally unclear, as well as other details, such as whether individual stakeholders itemize deductions. At current tax rates, however, any outsized subsidies for corporate philanthropy result to a large degree from the constriction in itemizing that followed from the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act). And many would view the effective restoration of individual deductions for charitable contributions as a positive feature of corporate philanthropy rather than as a bug. Moreover, from a policy perspective, corporate philanthropy provides numerous advantages over individual philanthropy that have not been discussed or emphasized in the literature. Corporate philanthropy mitigates the inequitable “upside-down” effect of the individual deduction for philanthropy that disproportionately favors charities supported by high-income taxpayers and may mitigate the windfall arising from stakeholder contributions of appreciated securities. Corporate philanthropy also is highly responsive to tax incentives, often provides utility to multiple stakeholders, and even transfers a portion of the cost of U.S. philanthropy to non-U.S. stakeholders. There is, in short, much to like about corporate philanthropy from a tax (and non-tax) policy perspective
The Tax Trench Deepens
No full textCongress, long divided, has been in gridlock for decades. The result has been regulatory ossification. Existing statutes lack the flexibility to manage the country’s many technological, social, environmental, sectoral and market challenges. However, without a Senate supermajority vote to override the filibuster, new legislation fails. While the budget reconciliation process has provided one of the few pathways around the filibuster, that process is limited to budgetary outlays and revenue measures. Consequently, a “tax trench” has been worn from Congress repeatedly pushing major regulatory and public benefits legislation through the process as tax provisions. Now, the tax trench is set to deepen. Following a spate of cases decided in 2024, the U.S. Supreme Court has placed a series of checks on federal regulatory authority, discretion and enforcement capacity. In Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo, the Court overturned Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. National Resources Defense Council, Inc., holding that the courts must interpret regulations pursuant to the standards set forth in the Administrative Procedure Act, rather than deferring to executive branch expertise. In Corner Post v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Court held that the statute of limitations under the Administrative Procedure Act begins tolling when the plaintiff faces an injury, effectively eliminating the time-bar for claims that an administrative agency has exceeded its authority in setting regulations, and possibly a broader swath of challenges. In Securities & Exchange Commission v. Jarkesy, the Court held that defendants are entitled to a jury trial before an Article III court when administrative agencies seek to enforce civil damage claims that are “legal in nature.” Nevertheless, tax legislation continues to provide a pathway through this gauntlet of new hazards. This Article makes three contributions. First, it reviews the foregoing cases and their impacts on existing regulation: limits to executive branch interpretive authority, uncertainty within the administrative process and impediments to enforcement. Second, it identifies, within each of the recent U.S. Supreme Court cases that have curtailed administrative authority, certain tax exceptions to these limits. Finally, it argues that these tax exceptions may permit regulatory action or public benefits in the form of tax legislation to pass scrutiny
Making Space for Disability Expertise in Bioarchaeology : Revisiting the Case of the Shanidar 1 Neanderthal
No full textAmong disabled anthropologists, Shanidar 1 is frequently evoked as a disabled ancestor—part of an expansive community of past people who were disabled during their lives. Bioarchaeologists often rely on biomedical theory and knowledge to understand disease from its etiology to its pathogenesis; however, the deep and meaningful knowledge disabled people have generated about care and disability is rarely engaged. Disabled people are seldom considered the audience for bioarchaeological studies on disability or paleopathology. This article models one way of incorporating what anthropologist Cassandra Hartblay has described as “disability expertise” to contextualize skeletal indicators of physical activity such as humeral cross-sectional geometry and entheseal changes for Shanidar 1. These alternative interpretations, formed by synergies between disability expertise and bioarchaeology, suggest that Shanidar 1 was not incapacitated and did not necessarily require care from others to survive. Generating speculations about daily life and behavior in the past with disability expertise offers an opportunity to consider archaeological communities without relying on contemporary stereotypes about disability experiences and disabled life.Entre los antropólogos discapacitados, Shanidar 1 es frecuentemente evocado como un ancestro con discapacidad—parte de una comunidad expansiva de personas del pasado que vivieron con discapacidad. Los bioarqueólogos a menudo dependen de la teoría y el conocimiento biomédico para entender las enfermedades desde su etiología hasta su patogénesis; sin embargo, el profundo y significativo conocimiento que han generado las personas con discapacidad sobre el cuidado y la discapacidad rara vez son considerados. A la misma vez, las personas discapacitadas rara vez son consideradas como la audiencia de los estudios bioarqueológicos sobre discapacidad o paleopatología. Este artículo modela una forma de incorporar lo que la antropóloga Cassandra Hartblay ha descrito como disability expertise (experiencia personal en discapacidad) para contextualizar indicadores esqueléticos de actividad física en Shanidar 1, como la geometría de la sección transversal del húmero y los cambios en las entesis. Estas interpretaciones alternativas, formadas de la sinergia entre la experiencia personal en discapacidad y la bioarqueología, sugieren que Shanidar 1 no estaba incapacitado ni requería necesariamente del cuidado de otros para sobrevivir. Generar especulaciones sobre la vida cotidiana y el comportamiento en el pasado a partir de la experiencia personal en discapacidad brinda una oportunidad para considerar comunidades arqueológicas sin tener que depender de estereotipos contemporáneos sobre las experiencias y la vida con discapacidad