Stanford University Student Journals
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Beyond Preference: How Religious Values Shape Muslim Women’s Access to Healthcare
Full text linkThe intersection of cultural, religious, and systemic factors influences healthcare access and decisions for Muslim women. Modesty concerns and preferences for gender-concordant care often leads to delays or avoidance of care. Beyond patient preferences, underrepresentation of women in the medical field, gender-based discrimination, and institutional barriers hinder equitable care, leaving the need for female physicians unmet. It is crucial to implement a multifaceted approach that includes increasing Muslim female representation in the medical field, integrating cultural and religious competence into medical training, and fostering inclusive healthcare environments. Key institutional changes include providing female mentors, offering opportunities for women in leadership roles, and enacting policies such as equitable parental leave, flexible scheduling, and guaranteed childcare. Enhanced cultural awareness training, utilizing tools such as concept mapping in medical schools, can also help foster a more inclusive environment. These steps are critical for ensuring that Muslim women receive respectful, comprehensive, and culturally sensitive care, while also serving as a model for culturally competent care for other underrepresented groups. Further research on Muslim women’s health and partnerships with religious leaders and the Muslim community are also recommended to better inform policymakers, public health leaders, and institutions, thereby improving care for this population and benefiting the overall healthcare system.
/pol/arization: Online Forums as Breeding Grounds for Extremism
Full text linkFreedom of speech and expression has been a fundamental right ever since the birth of the constitution, encouraging the spread of diverse ideas. However, the exploitation of this right has led to the rise of online forums paving the way for a new era of political dialogue. While ideas and opinions are allowed to freely come into conflict with each other in the digital realm, online algorithms work to amplify like-minded opinions and stifle opposing thought. In this paper, I will examine the factors that make social media uniquely prone to ideological polarization as opposed to traditional broadcast television and new outlets. The combined influences of individual users, curation algorithms, and mass media gatekeepers create a dangerous mix of forces that drive opinions to the extremes. I will then explore how these factors manifest in echo chambers on the dark side of the internet. We will see how conspiracy theories spillover to mainstream media, and make the leap from the virtual realm to the physical realm. Altogether, I argue that the current trend in online dialogue forces social media giants into a double-bind where they either allow misinformation to run rampant on their platforms, or they push them into the deep abyss of the web where fringe groups find breeding grounds and take on more radical forms
The Morbid Anatomy: Matthew Baillie, M.D. F.R.S: An Analysis of The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body
No full textAt an early age, Matthew Baillie inherited an impressive collection of anatomical specimens within the famous Windmill Street School of Anatomy and the Hunterian Museum from his uncles, William and John Hunter. Baillie had access to thousands of specimens and bodies on which he could base his observations, allowing him to draw connections between morbid appearances and how they manifest. Through access to vast resources and opportunities, Baillie had a more comprehensive view of the body, allowing him to see the bigger picture in which he compiled and created his most prominent work, The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body. However, Baillie\u27s tenacity and desire to promote pathology as an independent subject by developing a resource that supports a novel way of presenting and learning medicine and understanding disease without patient history make him and Morbid Anatomy stand out among his predecessors. That said, this introduces the concept that disease does not exist without the patient highlighting a flaw of Baillie\u27s approach since Morbid Anatomy focuses on the study of pathology without the person. This paper comments on the unique perspective of Dr. Matthew Baillie, his contributions to the field of pathology, and its applications in modern medicine. 
The Impact of Agent Orange on Third and Fourth Generation Exposure Victims
Full text linkAgent Orange, an herbicide mixture used during the Vietnam War, has relatively little conclusive research compared to other medical topics. During the war, it was discovered that the herbicide mixture had produced a by-product known as 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, also known as TCDD. TCDD is known to be a toxic endocrine disruptor that can alter the growth of hormones and tissue production. Exposure to a chemical agent such as TCDD has the potential to cause transgenerational effects in females (Flaws et al., 2019). When examining Agent Orange impacts, the research field has lacked coverage regarding the impacts from the chemical on third and fourth generation exposure victims. This review aimed to highlight any connections between these generations and any hereditary effects from Agent Orange. Using a correlational quantitative study, the results did not evaluate the initial objective but instead revealed connections between United States Vietnamese War veterans and second generational females. It was found that endocrine disruption (unbalance in hormones due to chemical exposure) and reproductive abnormalities were commonly connected within second generational females. This suggested that people directly exposed the chemical may have passed on hormone-production imbalances, ultimately leading to reproductive abnormalities in second generational women. By analyzing the gap and finding new correlations, this research provides valuable insight that may benefit future studies on Agent Orange.
The The Impact of an Art History Education on Short-Term Memory Rates in High School Students
No full textDespite their value, art programs are declining in schools as a result of a rise in standardized testing. Reinstating funding to the arts begins with highlighting their benefits, such as short-term memory, as necessary for career preparedness. Students in Westlake High School’s Art History program allegedly encoded details from learned artworks into their short-term memory, but it remained unknown if the memory loop was simply perceived by students or occurred due to enrollment in the Art History courses. Previous research in the field addressed art analysis and short-term memory respectively, but the two factors had not been linked, inspiring the question: How Does Pursuing an Art History Education Impact Short-Term Memory Rates in High School Students? The researcher replicated George Miller’s Digit Span Test and hypothesized higher memory rates among the Art History students with improved test scores among successive course levels. Recorded variables included Digit Span Test scores and accuracy rates out of 10, while student grade level, Honors course enrollment, and AP course enrollment were collected to minimize confounding variables in scores. Results revealed that all Art History courses had higher mean Digit Span Test scores and accuracy rates than the general population at Westlake High School, while the confounding variables showed no trend with scores. The researcher’s hypothesis was correct, and the findings may prompt lawmakers to reinstate funding to school art programs amidst budget cuts. Future research might consider expanding the findings beyond Westlake High School and linking other art forms to short-term memory.
Keywords: Art History, Short-Term Memory, Digit Span Test
Analysis of Common Opioid Dependency Risk Factors in Rural Chronic Pain Patients Using KnowledgeGraph-Based Semantic Modeling
Full text linkChronic pain is a silent epidemic that ensnares individuals in a vicious cycle of physical agony and mental anguish. The ripple effects of chronic pain extend beyond the physical aspect, as chronic pain patients are markedly more susceptible to anxiety disorders, depression, and a host of other chronic conditions. The burden is heavy, and chronic pain patients face increased medical expenses, psychological distress, and a diminished perception of their general health status. In addition, the serious issue of opioid addiction and mortality exacerbates the situation as opioid seems to be the only approachable solution for patients to seek relief from their suffering. This study aims to analyze common attributes among rural chronic pain patients with high risk of opioid addiction using the knowledge graph framework. Through converting the 2021 National Health Interview Survey data into an ontology model using Neo4j, a graph database management system that stores and queries interconnected data as nodes and relationships, we could identify complex patterns and associations within the dataset. The study revealed that high-risk chronic pain patients demonstrated significantly elevated centrality in musculoskeletal conditions (66.3% higher hip pain, 59.0% higher back pain, 48.1% higher arthritis rates) and psychological factors (33.7% higher anxiety disorders, 32.5% higher depression treatment rates). The demographic profile showed these patients were predominantly economically disadvantaged, married, obese women in their 60s living in southern regions with significant medical bill concerns.
Key Words: Semantic Knowledge Graph, Biopsychosocial Model, Ontology, Pain informatic
The Confluence of Social Media Post Variables and Pediatric Health Awareness
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Key Words: teens, adolescents, social media, online posts, health promotio
Is Human Safety Worth an Animal’s Pain
Full text linkThe use of animal testing has proven to be an ethical war with the autonomy of animals and the questionable superiority of humans. Exploring the moral dilemma of animal testing, this essay specifically fights to find answers as to why human lives justify the pain and suffering inflicted upon animals for our benefit. While animal testing has led to significant medical advancements, including using “humanized mice” for immune system research, the essay also considers the moral and ethical implications. The overall reliability of animal testing questions the ethical standpoint of highly regarded research and whether it is worth putting another living being through pain. It posits that while animal testing has contributed to human health and safety, it remains a contentious practice fraught with ethical concerns
Gen Z Will Be Prepared For the AI Wave Entering the Workforce
Full text linkAs Gen Z gets older and starts entering the workforce, AI’s technology and computing power grows as well. AI (Artificial Intelligence) was originally made for completing one task and being good at the set task. For example, Deep Blue, a program developed in 1997 was simply designed with one goal: To beat you at chess. However, in the last 10 years, AI has gone from being a simple amusement to humans to playing a significant role in the workforce. Now they range from AI’s that build websites for you, to personal AI assistants that actively try to personalize your online experience. It\u27s clear that AI’s presence in the corporate world is expanding rapidly. One group of people that have watched this change in the need for AI is actually Gen Z. So this begs the question whether they are ready to take on the new wave of AI and utilize it properly. The true answer is that with Gen Z having grown up around AI technology, they will be prepared for the future. They know that AI can do powerful things like take care of repetitive tasks, assist with gathering data on customers, and even manage social media accounts. Gen Z is aware of the dangers and benefits of the new wave of AI and is ready to put it into use
