Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
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Transoceanic Radical, William Duane: National Identity and Empire, 1760–1835. By NIGEL LITTLE
A Brief History of Scranton, Pennsylvania. By CHERYL A. KASHUBA; and Industrial Pioneers: Scranton, Pennsylvania, and the Transformation of America, 1840–1902. By PATRICK BROWN
Seneca Possessed: Indians, Witchcraft, and Power in the Early American Republic. By MATTHEW DENNIS
REVIEW ESSAY: Did Pennsylvania Have a Middle Ground? Examining INdian-White Relations on the Eighteenth-Century Pennsylvania Frontier
NEARLY EVERY STUDENT and scholar of Pennsylvania history is familiar with the story of the Paxton Boys. It has come to occupy an infamous but lasting place in the landscape of colonial Pennsylvania history. Indeed, several important scholarly books published over the last twelve years have afforded considerable attention to the Paxton Boys and their motivations for murder. This essay is, for the most part, about what historians have said about those motivations and the conditions that precipitated them
Charting the Colonial Backcountry: Joseph Shippen\u27s Map of the Susquehanna River
In the confusing and complex period after the outbreak of the French and Indian War in 1755, the Susquehanna River acted as an important space that encompassed the competing and overlapping spheres of influence of both the British and the French in Pennsylvania. The confluence of the north and west branches of the river was also the site of the Indian town of Shamokin, where from 1747 through 1755 Moravian missionaries lived alongside Iroquois, Delawares, and Shawnees. Here the Moravians developed warm relations with such influential figures as Shikellamy, the Oneida sachem to the area\u27s Iroquois, as well as with other native peoples who had been displaced from the area around the Chesapeake Bay
Ulster to America: The Scots-Irish Migration Experience, 1680–1830. Edited by WARREN J. HOFSTRA
Revolutionary Negotiations: Indians, Empires, and Diplomats in the Founding of America. By LEONARD J. SADOSKY
Editorial
Regular readers of the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography may have noticed a pattern in recent years: the October issue is often, if not always, a special issue on a particular topic. In future, read-ers can expect one special topical issue per year, generally in October. This year we focus on the eighteenth-century Pennsylvania backcountry, which scholars also refer to as the Pennsylvania frontier, borderland, or cross-roads, among other terms, depending upon their preference or emphasis. The issue grew out of a recognition that this is a burgeoning field, with numerous scholars, both young and established, finding fruitful ground to till. This issue does not attempt to provide a comprehensive look at that new scholarship; rather, it provides a sampling of work by some new scholars, surveys and analyzes recent literature on one aspect of the Pennsylvania backcountry—namely Indian-white relations—and, taking a cue from the popularity of the "Hidden Gems" essays of the October 2011 special issue on the Civil War, includes a smattering of essays on a variety of primary sources
Introduction
THE AMERICAN FRONTIER has long been the object of historical inquiry. Even before Frederic Jackson Turner reshaped the field in the early 1890s with his essay The Significance of the Frontier in American History, the frontier already occupied a special place in the American imagination. Indeed, much of nation\u27s written history to that point centered in one form or another on the westward movement of Euro-American newcomers and the collision of cultures that occurred along the borderlands of the United States. Turner expanded on that narrative in an attempt to make sense of the processes at work along the frontier and, for better or worse, to assess the frontier\u27s impact on the development of the American nation. Jackson prefaced his analysis by asserting that the physical frontier had come to an end; in essence, however, the scholarly study of the frontier was just beginning