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Festuca arundinacea - environmental weed risk assessment 2022
No full textIntroducing new plants to an area may have both positive and negative effects on the environment, economy and community. To minimise the negative environmental impact of introducing new agricultural species, DPIRD conducts a risk assessment procedure based on widely accepted scientific standards. This report assesses Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Tall fescue is a temperate, perennial bunch grass native to Europe, temperate Asia and north-west Africa and has been introduced into temperate North and South America, New Zealand, South Africa and southern Australia because of its value as a forage. There are two types of tall fescue; the spring/summer-active (temperate) types are from temperate Europe and the winter-active/summer-dormant types (Mediterranean) are from the Mediterranean regions of southern Europe and north Africa. Tall fescue is a minor pasture grass in high rainfall south-western Australia and requires annual rainfall greater than 500mm and a growing season longer than 6 months (Mediterranean types) or 7 months (temperate types) to persist (Sanford 2006). Tall fescue is a cool season grass and is unsuited to northern Western Australia (WA) even under irrigation
Hordeum vulgare - environmental weed risk assessment 2022
No full textIntroducing new plants to an are a may have both positive and negative effects on the environment, economy and community. To minimise the negative environmental impact of introducing new agricultural species, DPIRD conducts a risk assessment procedure based on widely accepted scientific standards. This report assesses Barley (Hordeum vulgare). Barley is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains, particularly in Eurasia as early as 10,000 years ago. Barley has been used as animal fodder, as a source of fermentable material for beer and certain distilled beverages, and as a component of various foods. Barley is the second most widely grown crop in south-western Australia behind wheat. Some 40% is delivered as malting grade barley destined for the Japanese, Chinese and Indian beer markets with the remaining 60% delivered as feed grade – the majority of which is sent to the Middle East. Barley can be successfully grown in northern Western Australia (WA) over the dry season under irrigation, and promising yields have been achieved at an experimental scale in the inland agro-climatic zones (Moore et al. 2021)
Sorghum x almum - environmental weed risk assessment 2022
No full textIntroducing new plants to an area may have both positive and negative effects on the environment, economy and community. To minimise the negative environmental impact of introducing new agricultural species, DPIRD conducts a risk assessment procedure based on widely accepted scientific standards. This report assesses Perennial sorghum (Sorghum x almum). Perennial sorghum is an erect, tussocky, short-lived perennial grass with numerous tillers which under good growing conditions can reach about 3.5m at maturity
Trifolium subterraneum - environmental weed risk assessment 2022
No full textIntroducing new plants to an area may have both positive and negative effects on the environment, economy and community. To minimise the negative environmental impact of introducing new agricultural species, DPIRD conducts a risk assessment procedure based on widely accepted scientific standards. This report assesses Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum). Subterranean clover is a grazing tolerant annual pasture legume from the Mediterranean Basin which is sown over 8 million hectares (ha) in Western Australia (WA) and 29 million ha across southern Australia. It is used in permanent pastures and in rotation with crops. A range of cultivars are available for areas adapted to ranging from 275 to 1200mm annual average rainfall. Subspecies subterraneum is adapted to well-drained, moderately acidic soils. Subspecies yanninicum is suited to moderately acidic soils with poor drainage. Subspecies brachycalycinum is best suited to neutral-alkaline, cracking or stony soils and generally fails to persist in WA. In experimental trials in northern WA the annual legumes and herbs had good feed quality but in general, with low forage yields under irrigation, are unlikely to be economically viable (Moore et al. 2021)
Consultation summary for proposed Declared Pest Rates 2022/2023
No full textIn accordance with the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management (Declared Pest Account) Regulations 2014, the Minister for Agriculture and Food carries out consultation on Declared Pest Rates, to be considered prior to the rates being determined and gazetted.
This document is the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development\u27s response to the submissions received
The effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration and water temperature on yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi in a repeated bathing treatment
No full textHydrogen peroxide is routinely used in commercial yellowtail kingfish culture to treat monogenean infections. As the culture of this species expands into warmer geographical areas, this study aimed to compare the effects of a repeated exposure to different hydrogen peroxide concentrations at two rearing temperatures, 18 and 26 °C. The repeat bath occurred 14 days after the initial bath in line with commercial treatment regimes. The three concentrations tested were 85, 170 and 340 mg L−1, with bathing conducted for 30 min. Mortality occurred following the second bath at 340 mg L−1 at 26 °C.
The highest hydrogen peroxide dose caused epithelial lifting in gill filaments and significantly reduced the size and abundance of common mucus cells within the skin epithelium following the repeat bath in warm water. Despite the highest dose causing gill damage and mortality in warm water, there were no significant effects of hydrogen peroxide concentration on any of the conventional blood parameters, except in moribund fish. A novel measurement of plasma thiol oxidation, however, was found to be significantly elevated at the highest bathing concentration.
Whilst yellowtail kingfish appeared to be tolerant of the high concentration of hydrogen peroxide tested in the current study at ambient water temperature, these fish were not infected with monogeneans, and any such burden is likely to increase the susceptibility of the fish to the effects of hydrogen peroxide
BEN Signage Installation Map – City of Mandurah (south)
No full textBEN Signage Installation Map – City of Mandurah (south)https://library.dpird.wa.gov.au/gis_bens/1012/thumbnail.jp
Reducing farming system emissions via spatial application of payoff functions
No full textCONTEXT Government and industry policy in Australia requires Australian agriculture to lessen or offset its emissions over coming decades. OBJECTIVE This study generates response or payoff functions to identify where cost-effective reduction of emissions via agricultural land use change is most feasible. METHODS Time series bioeconomic modelling is used to examine the profitability and greenhouse gas emissions of land use sequences at a range of locations across the agricultural region of south-western Australia, a major agricultural region of Australia. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Modelling reveals crop dominant land use sequences are most profitable in the northern parts of the study region, whereas in southerly parts of the region, land sequences dominated by pasture-based sheep production are most profitable. However, at a handful of locations, many affected by frost, no strong profit preference for either crop or pasture dominant land use sequences is apparent. Most southerly locations generate high rates of scope 1 emissions for each additional percentage increase in land use allocated to pasture production. By contrast, in northerly or drier environments, rates of scope 1 emissions for additional land allocations to pasture are often under half those observed in higher rainfall southerly locations. Lessening emissions by reducing land use for sheep production is most feasible in the northern parts of the region where land use sequences favour cropping. Further emphasis on cropping in land use sequences, however, will increase farmers\u27 variability of returns. In locations where no strong profit preference for either crop or pasture dominant land use sequences occurs, then small financial incentives or creation of media and social campaigns to support lower emission land use sequences may be sufficient to trigger environmentally beneficial land use change. Modelling results reveal priority actions for research and innovation. Manufacturing low emission fertilisers is a priority for cropping enterprises and will greatly assist emission reductions, especially in the crop dominant land use sequences in the northern and drier parts of the region. Varietal improvement and creation of anti-methanogenic feeds or technologies to capture in situ methane released by grazing or enclosed sheep flocks are investment priorities for locations in the higher rainfall, more southerly parts of the region. SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights the important role that land use change and creation of emission-reducing technologies and innovations will need to play if agricultural emission reduction is to occur in dryland agriculture
When to take advantage of early seeding opportunities for canola in WA
No full textMany WA growers are considering planting canola earlier to make use of increasingly infrequent sowing opportunities and to fit in with cropping systems. This work was initiated to investigate benefits and disadvantages and explore how early is too early. Eight large field trials with 4-5 sowing times (March 19-June 11) were established over low and medium rainfall sites in the WA Agricultural region over two seasons (2019-2020). Plots were irrigated pre- seeding and as necessary for crop survival post-seeding. Highest yields and gross margins were generated from the first two sowing times on March 19 and April 8. Contributing factors to high yields with early sowing are likely to be reduced heat stress during flowering and reduced drought stress during podding, compared with traditional (April 30) sowing. Risk factors included poor establishment, crop-survival, frost at the end of flowering, predation and disease
Detection and quantification of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infestation of canola petals using a clearing and staining technique
No full textPetal testing can be used to determine the presence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum inoculum during canola flowering as an indicator of disease risk and the potential need for fungicide application. Traditionally, the culture plate method has been used to test petals, but this takes up to 7 days to obtain results, which is a drawback in terms of making timely fungicide use decisions. Therefore, the availability of a simple, faster detection technique for S. sclerotiorum infected canola petals would be an advantage. We have documented and compared a canola petal clearing and staining technique with the standard culture plate method to study sclerotinia ascospore infestation. The staining technique was found to be a rapid, simple and reliable method compared to the traditional culture plate system