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Protecting WA Crops Issue 32 - August 2023
No full textProtecting WA Crops Issue 32 - August 2023 contents: Sclerotinia management for narrow leaf lupins crops Meet Crop Protection team member – Ciara Beardhttps://library.dpird.wa.gov.au/fc_pwac/1005/thumbnail.jp
A high-throughput multilocus-amplicon sequencing panel to monitor insecticide resistance in fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
No full textBACKGROUND
Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a highly polyphagous crop pest that has spread over the world rapidly and invaded Australia in 2020. Globally, FAW has been reported to be resistant to several insecticides permitted in Australia. Timely resistance diagnosis is critical for integrated pest management-based control of FAW in Australia. RESULTS
We developed a multi-amplicon panel by next-generation sequencing (multiamplicon-seq) to identify known insecticide resistance mutations in Australian FAW with high throughput and low cost. The panel included nine known mutations causing insecticide resistance in FAW and four gene mutations causing insecticide resistance in several insect species, not yet reported in FAW.
We sequenced 36 plates (96-well) in one MiSeq flow cell with easy sequencing library preparation. We found that Australian FAW carried a very high proportion of the F290V mutation in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene that causes resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Furthermore, FAW has a GABA-activated chloride channel mutation, A301Q in the RDL gene.
The sequencing-based platform provided evidence of a duplication in the AChE gene. Here several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 476-bp amplicon of the AChE gene demonstrated 100% heterozygosity across samples and some individuals carried two haplotypes with the F290V mutation. CONCLUSION
Molecular surveillance by multiamplicon-seq will increase capacity for early detection and future resistance monitoring in highly dispersed Australian FAW. It can provide timely resistance information and has the potential to play an important role in the resistance management of FAW. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry
Chapter Two: Distribution, characteristics and management of calcareous soils
No full texthttps://library.dpird.wa.gov.au/books/1046/thumbnail.jp
Western Australian Regional Development Trust Annual Report 2022-23
No full textThe Trust is an independent statutory advisory body to the Minister, established under the Royalties for Regions Act 2009 (Act).
The functions of the Trust are to provide advice and make recommendations to the Minister: for the purposes of sections 5(2) and 9(1) of the Act; and on any other matter relating to the operation of the Fund that is referred to it by the Minister.
In addition to its monitoring and advisory role, the Trust also works to engage and enhance relationships with key regional stakeholders and influencers to promote greater collaboration and innovation in the delivery of regional development in Western Australia.https://library.dpird.wa.gov.au/ar_wardt/1010/thumbnail.jp
Agricultural groundcover update October 2023
No full textSummary About 98% of the grainbelt had adequate vegetative groundcover (more than 50%) to prevent wind erosion in October 2023. This amount of groundcover is normal at the end of spring and pre-harvest in most areas. There was a larger than average area with 51–60% groundcover, and groundcover in these areas is expected to reduce over summer to below 50%. About 2% of the grainbelt (293,000 ha) had less than 50% groundcover, which is inadequate to prevent wind erosion. Mullewa to Morawa Ag Soil Zone had the highest risk of wind erosion and 8% of this farmland had inadequate groundcover. Less than 0.5% of the grainbelt had a high to very high risk of wind erosion because groundcover levels were less than 30%
Making ESG easy - Together
No full textKaren Monaghan is the CO-Founder and CO-CEO of Our Kinds. Our Kinds addresses regenerative economy principles through collaborative relationships across the supply chain. Karen promotes the benefits of surrounding yourself with good people and smart partnerships which is critical. Our Kinds addresses regenerative economy principles through collaborative relationships across the supply chain. At Turning the Dial, Karen Monaghan’s presentation was titled Making ESG easy – Together
Panel Discussion: Sustainable Packaging
No full textIn this panel discussion we were joined by:
Emily Best – Sustainability Manager, Brownes Dairy
Michael Dosser – Group General Manager Result Group
David Kilpatrick – RDQI Director, ZipForm
Ian Batt – Founder/ Winemaker, Small Things Wine
Moderator: Min Teah – Associate Professor and Dean of Research - FBL Research and Development, Curtin Universit
Estimating abundance of fish associated with structured habitats by combining acoustics and optics
No full textThe diversity and abundance of fish inhabiting complex reef habitats poses some challenges to surveys based on optical techniques, especially for schooling fish which are difficult to enumerate with such methods. Acoustic surveys are often used effectively to estimate the abundance and distribution of schooling fish but suffer from boundary effects and limited species discrimination. To reconcile these drawbacks, we present an integrated acoustic–optical survey method, to estimate the abundance of fishes in a subtropical reef habitat in Shark Bay, Western Australia, exploiting the unique benefits of each method. Acoustic backscatter attributed to multi-species groups was partitioned to species with the help of concurrent unbaited remote underwater video. This allowed estimation of the abundance of the important fishery sparid, Chrysophrys auratus, as well as 17 other members of the diverse fish community. The study addresses some of the challenges of assessing abundance of fish species that may be aggregated, but sparsely distributed, associated with a structured habitat, and mixed within a diverse assemblage of other aggregating or solitary fishes in an area where direct capture fisheries survey gears cannot be used. Synthesis and applications. The acoustic–optical survey method provides data that are vital for the assessment of fish species in ecosystems which are difficult, or impossible for certain species, to survey with existing methods. These assessments are, in turn, essential for either ecosystem-based fishery management or multiple single-species quota management, which allow for the sustainable management of the associated fisheries
Cost effectiveness of spread mitigation strategies for polyphagous shot hole borer Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
No full textPolyphagous shot hole borer Euwallacea fornicatus Eichhoff was detected in Western Australia in September 2021, and an eradication campaign funded by the Commonwealth government is underway. As part of contingency planning, we examined the cost effectiveness of alternative control strategies that could be used to mitigate urban forest impacts and maintain the benefits of trees to the local communities if eradication was not feasible. At the time this work was undertaken, decision-makers were concerned about the potential need to replace all urban trees susceptible to attack. We considered this strategy alongside less destructive strategies and assessed their cost effectiveness in terms of material and labor costs and the loss of ecosystem services resulting from reduced tree foliage. Using a stochastic simulation model, we found that a strategy that involved pruning necrotic limbs and treating trees biennially with systemic insecticide was almost always more cost effective than removing infested trees and replanting to resistant varieties. We estimated this strategy would cost A105-195 million. A third strategy using a mix of chemical suppression and tree removal was also considered in light of new information about the pest’s host preferences. With an estimated cost of $60-110 million, this strategy was only slightly more expensive than using chemical suppression alone and could actually lead to eradication if the host range is as narrow as recent survey data suggests
Ecological Risk Assessment for the Western Australian Silverlip Pearl Oyster (Pinctada maxima) Resource
No full textIn August 2022, the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD) convened an ecological risk assessment (ERA) of the fishery and aquaculture operations that access the Western Australian (WA) Silverlip Pearl Oyster (Pinctada maxima) resource (Resource).
The ERA considered the potential ecological impacts of the WA commercial Silverlip Pearl Oyster Fishery and related aquaculture activities including hatchery and seeding operations. The assessment evaluated the impact of each activity on all relevant retained and discarded species; threatened, endangered and protected species; habitats and the broader environment. Risks associated with aquaculture activities were also considered, including genetic impacts on wild stock, and translocation of pests or diseases.
A broad range of external stakeholders including representatives of the commercial fishing and aquaculture sectors, State and Commonwealth Government agencies, the conservation sector, universities and DPIRD staff including Fisheries Management, Research, Compliance, Biosecurity and Aquaculture personnel, were invited to participate in the ERA workshop.
Risk scores were determined based on available scientific information and expert knowledge on species, fishing and aquaculture activities, fishery regulations and management. The assessment conforms to the AS/NZS ISO 31000 risk management standard, and to the methodology adopted by the Department which relies on a consequence-likelihood analysis for estimating risk.
Twenty six ecological components were scored for risk. The vast majority (25) of ecological components were evaluated as low or negligible risks, which do not require any specific control measures. There was one medium risk, which was assessed as acceptable under the current monitoring and control measures already in place. The ERA did not yield any high risks. It is recommended that the risks be reviewed in five years