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Electric weed control for the management of annual ryegrass and herbicide resistance
No full textElectric weed control is a non-chemical weed management alternative with the potential to address increasing social pressure to reduce chemical applications and minimise the widespread development of herbicide resistance. Electric weed control machinery delivers an electrical current (via the continuous electrode-plant contact method or the spark-discharge method) through the foliage, stems, and roots of weeds, bursting their cells and killing or suppressing the plant. It has the potential to be integrated into current weed management programs in a range of systems with international companies seeking to certify their technology in Australasia in coming years.
Using the Zasso™ XPower machine, the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD) has illustrated that electric weed control is an effective control strategy that can manage a variety of weed species. In 2023 a greater than 80% reduction in the biomass of glyphosate resistant L. rigidum (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) was observed following electric weed control applications at 2 or 4 km h-1 compared to the application of glyphosate (Roundup UltraMax® at 1.5 L ha-1). Electric weed control also has the potential to be utilised as a crop-topping alternative through applications at faster speeds, which reduces the ‘dose’ of electricity applied. In 2022, such applications did not reduce the L. rigidum seed set but did reduce the seed viability when applications occurred at late tillering. Overall, electric weed control can be an effective L. rigidum management strategy in a variety of agronomic situations with immediate applicability for fence line and firebreak management of resistant populations
Ascochyta blight disease and its management in faba beans
No full textThis factsheet summarises the symptoms, disease risk, infection cycle and control measures for Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae) in faba bean compared to the diseases, Alternaria and Cercospora
Brome grass and its management in crops
No full textBrome grass (Bromus spp.) is one of the most competitive grass weeds in wheat. Over the last 10 years, brome grass has increased in importance to a greater extent than any other weed species in Australia.
Recent changes in crop production systems, increased conservation tillage, a lack of available selective herbicides, and a decline in system diversity have seen an increase in the importance of this weed in Western Australia (WA).
Seed is the main source of brome grass infestation and, as few seeds remain dormant, the most important aspect of management is to reduce its seed bank
Managing crop weeds
No full textIn-crop weed competition causes losses costing around $1 billion per annum for Western Australia. There are effective strategic and tactical options available to manage weed competition that will increase crop yields and profitability.
Weeds with herbicide resistance are an increasing problem in grain cropping enterprises. Integrated weed management (IWM) is a system for managing weeds over the long term and is particularly useful for managing and minimising herbicide resistance.
Growers are advised to adopt integrated weed management (IWM) to reduce the damage caused by herbicide-resistant weeds.
Herbicide resistant weed populations are found throughout all cropping areas of Western Australia. The number of resistant species and areas affected by resistance continues to increase. By understanding the implications and evolutionary processes of herbicide resistance, appropriate weed management strategies can be devised that will minimise the impact and delay the development of further resistance
Septoria avenae blotch and its management in oats
No full textSeptoria avenae blotch (Phaeosphaeria avenaria f.sp. avenaria) is a stubble borne fungal disease of oats and is the most common oat disease in Western Australia and occurs throughout the cereal growing areas.It is host specific, meaning it only affects oats.
This page summarises the symptoms, factors favouring disease risk and spread, yield and quality losses, and management strategies for the diseas
The role of rural circular migration in shaping weather risk management for smallholder farmers in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh
No full textCircular migration, defined as migration where migrants return to their original home area, has become an increasingly important component of rural livelihoods and can significantly impact the risk management strategies of smallholder agricultural households in the face of climate change. To unpack the associations between climate change, migration decisions, and agricultural outcomes for smallholder agricultural households, we use an embedded mixed methods approach that uses quantitative data from a structured household survey from over 2,000 rural households in Nepal, India, and Bangladesh, along with qualitative data from interviews and focus group discussions. We use these data to identify the influence of socio-economic, climate, and weather factors on long (≥12 months) and short-term (\u3c12 months) migration decisions and the impacts of migration on risk management strategies in agriculture. Our research shows that the drivers and effects of migration differ based on migration characteristics, including the length of time a family member migrates and whether the destination is domestic or international. We find that households with limited resources, such as constrained irrigation access, use short-term migration to cope with weather variability, whereas long-term migration is generally undertaken by wealthier households motivated to improve long-term economic outcomes. Considering the impacts of migration on risk management, we find that short-term migration of household members results in increased investment in agriculture, such as increasing inputs and adopting new varieties. In contrast, long-term and international migration is associated with disinvestments in agriculture, such as reduced cropped area and inputs. Our results highlight the importance of migration in shaping agricultural management practices amidst the challenges of climate change
WA Insecticide Guide 2024 - Autumn Winter
No full textRegistered chemicals for broadacre crops in Western Australia.
The insecticides listed in the tables within this guide can be used on any crop appearing on the chemical label, if the rate used does not exceed the highest rate that is registered for use on that crop.
There are many products with different trade names that contain the same active ingredient. This list is not exhaustive and does not imply any specific recommendations of brand names.
Unless otherwise specified, all insecticides listed are emulsifiable concentrates (EC). Other insecticide formulations are suspension concentrate (SC), wettable powder (WP), capsule suspension (CS), wettable granules (WG), emulsion (EW) dry flowable (DF) and water dispersible granules (WDG). Ultra-low volume (ULV) insecticides are not listed.
Read the chemical label before use and check label withholding periods for grazing or hay/silage/fodder production before application.
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The information tabled is a guide only. Whilst every care has been taken in preparation of the information, some errors or omissions may have occurred.https://library.dpird.wa.gov.au/fc_pestfactswa/1023/thumbnail.jp
BEN Signage Installation Map - Shire of Carnarvon (north)
No full textBeach Emergency Number (BEN) Signage Installation Map - Shire of Carnarvon (north)https://library.dpird.wa.gov.au/gis_bens/1056/thumbnail.jp
Evaluation of the impact of heat stress at flowering on spikelet fertility and grain quality in barley
No full textAgainst the backdrop of a warming climate, heat stress has become one of the most limiting factors to crop productivity and food security worldwide. The flowering stage is susceptible to high temperatures in cereal crops, leading to severe grain yield losses by decreasing fertility and seed-setting rate. Our objective was to (1) assess a global panel of 572 barley varieties with contrasting genetic backgrounds for various agronomic traits related to spikelet fertility and grain quality, (2) identify barley germplasm with superior spikelet fertility and seed set under extreme heat conditions, and (3) understand the relationship between spikelet fertility and grain quality traits under heat stress at flowering time. Delayed sowing in target field environments as well as combined birdcage and heat chamber experiments were conducted in Western Australia for two consecutive years. Twenty-one agronomic traits, including spikelet fertility, grain plumpness, thousand-kernel weight, and screenings, were assessed when heat stress occurred during the crucial flowering period. Our study showed that varieties that flowered during heat stress periods recorded an average of 5–20 % lower spikelet fertility than those flowered outside the stress windows. Varieties with high or reduced spikelet fertility under heat stress were identified in the barley panel and showed significant differences of more than 80 % in Australian varieties. Based on decreased spikelet fertility, several research lines, but only a few cultivars, maintain spikelet fertility after heat stress compared to control conditions, providing evidence of adaptation to high temperatures in some genotypes. Our study shows that spikelet fertility at high temperatures is a valuable screening tool for heat tolerance during the reproductive phase. Information on heat-tolerant and susceptible varieties can improve the spikelet fertility of the next generation of barley cultivars and enhance adaptation to a changing climate
Working group on recreational fishing surveys: outputs from 2023 meeting
No full textThe role of the ICES Working Group on Recreational Fisheries Surveys (WGRFS) is to compile and validate data from European countries\u27 recreational fisheries and contribute to the ICES advisory process regarding marine recreational fisheries (MRF) issues. In 2023, WGRFS actively engaged in various aspects of MRF, involving the consolidation and evaluation of national survey programs, validating new methodologies, offering guidance on data availability, quality, and usage, facilitating regional data gathering and storage, exploring human dimensions, and assessing workshops organized by the group. The sessions primarily aimed at information exchange, evaluating the quality of national survey programs, intersessional group activities, and scientific publication plans.
A wide array of topics was discussed, including the introduction of new national survey programs and their outcomes in countries like Australia, the French Caribbean, Germany, Italy, Latin America, Namibia, South Africa, Spain, the UK, and the USA. Insights on MRF were shared by the European Commission and representatives from the angling community. Updates were provided on the outcomes of the Regional Coordination Group (RCG) intersessional group on Recreational Fisheries. Presentations summarized the findings of stock assessments involving MRF. Using the WGRFS Quality Assurance Tool, assessments were conducted on two national survey schemes: Finland and the UK Catchwise. Issues with the approaches were highlighted, and recommendations were proposed for future enhancements.
The primary focus of the meeting centred on reviewing advances, formulating strategies, and setting the course for the intersessional groups (ISGs), which serve as the main delivery mechanism for WGRFS. The ISGs encompass governance, survey methodologies, quality assurance, regional coordination and data storage, catch and release, animal welfare, stock assessment and reconstruction, innovative methodologies, human dimensions, and communication and engagement. Due to the breadth of discussions and outcomes, a comprehensive summary is not feasible here, but detailed information is available within the main text.
The WGRFS has consistently produced results focused on several key areas: establishing an extensive network for sharing expertise, refining methodologies, enhancing the scientific profile, and providing scientific evidence to support the integration of recreational data in fisheries management