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Doublegee and its management
No full textDoublegee is a significant weed of agriculture and causes a loss of $20 million annually over an estimated one million hectares of crops and one million hectares of pastures, in Western Australia (WA) alone
Fleabane and its management
No full textFlaxleaf and tall fleabane (Conyza spp.) are emerging weeds in Western Australia (WA), germinating in spring and becoming major weeds in summer. Fleabane is now considered an important weed of reduced tillage farming systems.
Historically, fleabane was primarily a weed of roadsides, particularly if the road shoulders were sprayed with glyphosate, leaving bare soil on which the fleabane could germinate and flourish
Herbicides
No full textHerbicides play a vital role in integrated weed management programs. Knowledge of the mechanisms and activity of herbicides will improve the impact and sustainability of herbicides as a weed management tactic. This fact sheet is a guide to the types of herbicides available and when and how they should be used
Leaf rust and stripe rust and their management in wheat
No full textLeaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) can be a significant threat to wheat crops in Western Australia in some seasons. Learn the symptoms and risk factors
Roly poly and its management
No full textRoly poly, also known as prickly saltwort or tumbleweed (Salsola australis), is a native species found throughout Australia. The dead plants can break off at ground level, forming the ‘tumbleweeds’ seen in movies.
Like most summer weeds, roly poly uses soil moisture and nutrients that would otherwise be available to the following crop. The time taken to clear uncontrolled plants can delay seeding.
Livestock will graze the young plants; however, they will not eat the mature plants and are injured by the prickly leaves
Are you planting resistant weeds with your crop seed?
No full textKey messages
• West Australian (WA) grain growers have significant weed seed contamination in their crop seed.
• WA growers are sowing herbicide resistant weed seed into their cropping paddocks.
• Crop hygiene (harvest, seeding, transporting) is important to minimise spread of weeds.
Harvest is well underway throughout the WA grainbelt, and growers will be harvesting grain and collecting seed for next year’s crop.
However, this crop seed can be contaminated with weed seeds and, if seed cleaning operations are only partially effective, this weed seed may be sown into paddocks with crop seed in the following season
Annual ryegrass toxicity in livestock
No full textAnnual ryegrass toxicity (ARGT) is a potentially fatal poisoning of livestock after consumption of annual ryegrass infected by the bacterium Rathayibacter toxicus (formerly known as Clavibacter toxicus).
The cycle starts with a migratory nematode called Anguina funesta. These nematodes can travel into the flowering parts of developing ryegrass and colonise them, eventually taking over the seed head to form nematode galls.
ARGT problems can start where the bacterium is also present in the same soil. The bacterium is carried by the nematode as it moves into the developing ryegrass flowering parts. Once inside the plant, the bacterium also develops, often out competing the nematode to take over the seed heads as they develop. The bacterium produces toxins from the end of flowering, through seed set, to seed maturity. Toxicity develops at flowering and seed set.
Infected ryegrass remains toxic even when it has senesced and dried off because it still contains the toxin. Hay made from toxic ryegrass will also be toxic. All grazing animals are susceptible, including horses and pigs
Sclerotinia stem rot and its management in lupins
No full textWith lupins being susceptible and grown in close rotation to canola, particularly in the northern Western Australia (WA) grainbelt, lupin growers are facing increasing pressure from the disease sclerotinia stem rot (caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum).
This page covers the disease symptoms, infection process, yield and quality impacts, and management in lupin crops
Smut and bunt diseases of cereals and their management
No full textCereal smut and bunt diseases are caused by fungi that parasitise the host plant and produce masses of soot-like spores in the leaves, grains, or ears. The diseases can reduce yield and quality of harvested grain
Turnip yellows virus and its management in canola
No full textTurnip yellows virus (TuYV; formerly beet western yellows virus) is an aphid-borne virus that causes yield and quality losses in key crop species, primarily canola but also chickpea, field pea, and lentil. It also infects and may cause damage in lupins, faba bean, mustard, and pasture legume species, such as lucerne and subterranean clover