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Integrating Explainable AI for Skin Lesion Classifications: A Systematic Literature Review
Full text linkSkin cancer, particularly melanoma, poses a significant global health challenge due to its prevalence and mortality rate. Early detection is critical to improving outcomes, as advanced cases become increasingly difficult to treat. The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Explainable AI (XAI) techniques has revolutionized dermatological diagnostics by offering accurate and interpretable solutions. This systematic review investigates the integration of XAI in skin lesion classification, analyzing 22 recent studies published between 2019 and 2023. The studies encompass diverse approaches, including deep learning models like CNNs, ResNet, DenseNet, and MobileNet, as well as explainability techniques such as Grad-CAM, SHAP, and saliency maps. Results highlight significant advancements in accuracy and interpretability, with some models achieving over 99% accuracy on datasets like ISIC 2018 and HAM10000. However, challenges persist, including dataset imbalances, limited diversity in patient metadata, and generalizability across different skin types and imaging conditions. XAI methods, by visualizing model decision pathways, enhance transparency, fostering trust among clinicians and enabling seamless AI integration into clinical practice. This review underscores the potential of combining state-of-the-art AI models with explainable frameworks to address the complexities of skin lesion diagnostics. It advocates for future research to prioritize diverse, metadata-rich datasets, innovative optimization techniques, and robust architectures to develop reliable, interpretable diagnostic tools. By bridging the gap between advanced AI and user understanding, this work contributes to the creation of clinically applicable, trustable AI-driven healthcare solutions
The Historical Approach in the Studies of Saudi Critics of Jahili Poetry: "A Study in Critique of Criticism"
Full text linkيُمثل هذا البحث عرضًا نقديًا لجهود النقاد السعوديين في قراءة الشعر الجاهلي على ضوء المناهج السياقية، وقد خُصصَ لبيان المنهج التاريخي في قراءات النقاد السعوديين المعاصرين التاريخية للشعر الجاهلي وتلقيهم له، بهدف تتبّع رؤاهم النقدية فيها، وتطبيقاتهم المنهجية، والكشف عن الأسس أو المرجعيات المعرفية والنظرية التي استند إليها النقاد السعوديون في قراءاتهم للنصوص الشعرية الجاهلية، وتفسيراتهم له، وذلك من منظور منهجي نقدي حديث هو "نقد النقد". وقد ارتأينا أن نقسّم البحث إلى مقدِّمة ومبحثين وخاتمة.
وقد توصّلت الدراسة إلى نتائج أبرزها: أنّ النقاد السعوديين في دراساتهم للشعر الجاهلي لم يخرجوا عن سياقاتهم التاريخية في النقد التاريخي، كما أن الموضوعات والقضايا التي سلكوها كالرواية الشفوية والصنعة والانتحال والنسيب والمراثي والوصف...إلخ، لم تكن مبتكرة إلا فيما يحدده الناقد من رأي أو تحديد حكم معين. وأن التأصيل التاريخي للشعر الجاهلي عند النقاد السعوديين كان مبني على افتراضات مختلفة إما دينية طقوسية أو افتراضات قائمة على الشك في نسبة الشعر لصاحبه أو جوانب أخرى غير ثابته في النص أو الظواهر الفنية عند السابقين من النقاد.This research is a critical demonstration of Saudi critics "efforts to read ignorant poetry in light of contextual approaches. Devoted to the statement of the historical method in the readings and reception of Jahili poetry by contemporary Saudi critics, With the aim of tracking their critical insights, methodological applications, and uncovering the foundations or cognitive and theoretical references on which Saudi critics based their readings of poetic texts. Their interpretation of it, from a modern critical methodological perspective, is "critique criticism." We decided to divide the research into an introduction, two papers and a conclusion.
The study reached the most prominent results: That the Saudi critics in their studies of Jahili poetry did not depart from their historical contexts in historical criticism, and that the topics and issues they took such as workmanship, plagiarism, lineage, elegy, description, etc., were innovative only in what is determined by the critic of a particular opinion or determination of judgment. The historical rooting of Jahili poetry among Saudi critics was based on different assumptions, either ritualistic religious, assumptions based on doubts about the ratio of poetry to its owner, or aspects other than its consistency in text or artistic phenomena among former critics
The Stage of Teachers’ and School Principals’ Adoption of the Educational Supervision Project in Light of School Empowerment According to the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM)
Full text linkيهدف هذا البحث إلى استقصاء مرحلة تبني المعلمين ومديري المدارس لمشروع الإشراف التربوي في ضوء تمكين المدرسة من خلال تحديد مرحلة القلق التي يمرّ بها كلٌّ من المعلمين ومديري المدارس وفق نموذج التبني القائم على القلق (CBAM). استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وطبّق أداة استبانة مراحل القلق (SoCQ) على عينة مكوّنة من (120) مشاركًا من محافظة المجمعة، منهم (100) معلم و(20) مدير مدرسة، أظهرت النتائج أن مرحلة القلق السائدة لدى كلٍّ من المعلمين ومديري المدارس هي مرحلة (0) "عدم الاهتمام"، وهو ما يدل على أن الوعي بالمشروع ما يزال محدودًا وأن التفاعل معه لم يبدأ فعليًا في البيئة المدرسية، يوصي البحث بضرورة تكثيف البرامج التوعوية والتدريبية التي تُعرّف المعلمين ومديري المدارس بمفهوم الإشراف التربوي في ضوء تمكين المدرسة، وتعزيز الشراكة بين المستويات الإشرافية والقيادات المدرسية، لرفع مستوى التبني وتقليل القلق المصاحب للتغيير. This study aims to investigate the stage of teachers’ and school principals’ adoption of the Educational Supervision Project in light of school empowerment by identifying their levels of concern according to the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM). The descriptive analytical approach was used, and the Stages of Concern Questionnaire (SoCQ) was applied to a sample of 120 participants from Al-Majma’ah Governorate (100 teachers and 20 school principals). The results revealed that the prevailing stage of concern for both teachers and principals was Stage 0 "Awareness", indicating that awareness of the project remains limited and that actual engagement has not yet begun. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups, suggesting that project adoption is still in its early stages. The study recommends intensifying awareness and training programs to familiarize teachers and principals with the concept of educational supervision under school empowerment and to enhance collaboration between supervisory and leadership levels to increase adoption and reduce concern toward change
Post-bureaucracy as a new organizational model in light of technical and technological development
Full text linkتبتغي هذه الدراسة إظهار التحول الذي طرأ على مستوى النموذج البيروقراطي في التنظيمات، من خلال الانتقال من البيروقراطية الكلاسيكية: القائمة على السلطة الهرمية والقواعد الرسمية والمراقبة وتقسيم العمل، إلى نموذج تنظيمي جديد هو "نموذج ما بعد البيروقراطية" الذي يعد أحد البراديغمات المستحدثة داخل سوسيولوجيا التنظيمات، والذي يتسم بالمرونة واللامركزية وغياب السلطة الهرمية...إلخ، ويعتبر التطور التكنولوجي والتقني من أهم عوامل ظهوره. ففي ظل هذا التحول أصبح النموذج البيروقراطي الأول محض تساؤل حول مدى إمكانية توافقه مع هذه التغيرات التي يشهدها العالم، أم أن العالم العربي غير قادر على تجاوز هذا النموذج التقليدي؛ مما يجعله سجين أنظمة جوفاء، تنعكس على تنمية هذه البلدان.This research paper aims to demonstrate the transition of bureaucratic system through the change of traditional model based on hierarchical authority, formal rules, surveillance and division of labor. the fundamental shift that occurred which is the "post bureaucratic model" . In fact, it is considered to be one of new paradigms of organization characterised by flexibility, decentralization, and the absence of hierarchical authority. Technological advancement is regarded as the most prominent factors for its emergence. In light of this transformation, the first bureaucratic model has become questioned about the extent to which it can be compatible with these changes taking place in the world, or whether the Arab world is unable to overcome this traditional model. Which makes him a prisoner of hollow systems, reflected on the development of these countries
Impact of Yemeni crisis on Efficiency of Yemeni Banks – Using (DEWA) approach
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to examine the efficiency level of Yemeni banks in pre and post Yemeni crisis. The banking intermediation approach was considered to choose the study inputs and outputs through unique panel data set of banking sector in Yemen over the period (2006-2015). It allows to study the variations in the efficiency of banks before and after Yemeni crisis. For the purpose of data analysis; nonparametric efficiency approach Data Envelopment Windows Analysis (DEWA) was applied. The average efficincy results before Yemeni crisis (2006-2010) reveal that Yemeni conventional banks are more efficient than Islamic banks in term of their inputs producing actual outputs. On the other hand the average efficincy results in post Yemeni crisis (2011-2015) indicate that Islamic banks are more efficient after Yemeni crisis than conventional banks. It is recommended that banks managers should increase their banks efficiency by improving resources utilization to produce optimal outputs.
 
Ninth and Twelfth-Order Iterative Methods for Roots of Nonlinear Equations
Full text linkThis paper introduces two iterative methods for obtaining numerical solutions to nonlinear equations.The proposed methods achieve convergence orders of nine and twelve, respectively. A detailed convergence analysis confirms their superior efficiency indices compared to several existing techniques. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performance and to validate the theoretical convergence orders of the proposed methods
Cantonese-Portuguese Lexical Fusion: Pragmatic Insights from Cantonese-Portuguese Dictionaries
Full text link In the context of foreign trade during the Ming and Qing dynasties and the cultural exchanges between China and the West, the phenomenon of heterogeneous language blending gradually became evident. The unique geographical location and historical background fostered the formation and development of Cantonese-Portuguese (Cantão Portaguês), China's earliest mixed language. Cantonese-Portuguese possesses distinct pragmatic rules and laid the groundwork for the early development of Pidgin English. By examining the pragmatic rules governing the generation and circulation of Cantonese-Portuguese, we can uncover the intricacies of language contact and evolution between Chinese and foreign languages
Glycine Betaine as an Osmolyte for Plant Protection Against Abiotic Stress: A Comprehensive Review
Full text linkPlants are constantly exposed to various stresses, both biotic and abiotic, which inhibit plant growth and development. Plant responses to these stresses involve specific resistance mechanisms. These mechanisms are linked to the presence of sugars and proline, which are recognized as key metabolites associated with stress conditions. Furthermore, a non-toxic compound, glycine betaine (GB), mitigates the effects of stress in some plants. Plant cells respond to abiotic stress factors by accumulating GB in the cytoplasm. Signaling molecules such as jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonates are responsible for initiating stress-mediated GB production. The resilience mechanism refers to the enhanced ability of plants to adapt to various environmental stressors, reflecting their capacity to retain information about these environments. Plant resistance to drought and salinity stress relies on sustained GB accumulation in plant cells, even after the stress conditions have stabilized or ceased. GB is more advantageous than any other osmoprotectant, such as sugar or proline, since it is metabolically more stable. In practice, GB has been extensively applied to plant surfaces as a foliar spray to promote acclimatization and adaptability, reduce stress, and stabilize plant responses to stressful conditions. The current chapter discusses the metabolic and physiological changes induced by GB, the need for genetic transformation to introduce GB-producing genes, and the potential of these genes to enhance plant stress resistance and facilitate the development of tolerance mechanisms
Machine Learning Models to Identify and Classify Clickbait Headlines Accurately
Full text linkOne potential research problem related to clickbait data could be to investigate the impact of clickbait headlines on news consumption and perception of news credibility. The objective of using Machine Learning (ML) models to analyze clickbait data in this work is to determine an accurate model for identifying and classifying clickbait headlines, understand the features that make them successful, evaluate the model's performance in real-world scenarios, and compare the performance of different ML models to select the best one for clickbait classification. By achieving these objectives, the research could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms behind clickbait and the effectiveness of ML models in detecting and mitigating its impact. This research could inform the development of more effective algorithms and tools for combating clickbait and improving news literacy. The suggested methodology for detecting clickbait using machine learning involves collecting a large amount of clickbait and non-clickbait headlines, pre-processing and cleaning the data, identifying and extracting relevant features, selecting an appropriate ML algorithm, training and evaluating the model, making necessary adjustments, and deploying the final model in a production environment to detect clickbait in real-world data. The specific steps and details may vary depending on the task complexity and data availability
Existence Results for Implicit Fractional Differential Equations with Riesz-Caputo Derivative
Full text linkThis article investigates the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a class of initial value problems involving implicit fractional differential equations with the Riesz–Caputo fractional derivative. By employing fixed point theorems in conjunction with the technique of measures of noncompactness, we establish key existence and uniqueness results. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed problem exhibits Ulam stability. To support and illustrate our theoretical findings, several examples are provided