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Modeling the Impact of Vaccination on Newcastle Disease Dynamics in Caged Chickens
Get PDFNewcastle disease continues to have a significant economic impact on farmers and food security. Thisstudy develops and analyzes a deterministic mathematical model to investigate the effect of vaccinationon the transmission dynamics of Newcastle disease in caged chicken populations. The model is basedon the Susceptible Exposed-Infected Vaccinated Revaccinated Recovered Susceptible (SEIVVrRS) framework,adapted to capture the unique characteristics of Newcastle disease transmission. The disease free equilibriumof the model was computed, and the basic reproduction number for Newcastle disease was calculated usingthe next generation matrix method. Both analytical results and numerical simulations show that frequentvaccinations increase the number of susceptible chickens by reducing the at-risk chicken population. Additionally, re-vaccination significantly enhances immunity, resulting in a higher number of recovered chickens.Sensitivity analysis indicates that the recruitment rate of chickens, the effective contact rate between susceptible and infectious chickens, and the natural death rate of chickens are the most sensitive parameters fortargeting in disease control strategies. Therefore, the findings from this study can support farmers and foodsecurity practitioners in decision making regarding Newcastle disease control strategies and emphasize theircrucial role in poultry disease managemen
Modeling the Transmission Dynamics of Maize Foliar Disease in Maize Plants: Modeling Maize Foliar Disease Dynamics in Maize Plants
No full textMaize Foliar Disease (MFD) is a significant issue affecting maize crop production globally, leading to substantial losses in both yield and quality. This study formulates and analyzes a mathematical model to understand MFD transmission dynamics in maize plants. We confirm that the model's solutions remain positive for all time t > 0. Utilizing the next generation matrix approach, we determine the basic reproduction number () and examine the stability of the disease-free equilibrium (DFE). Our findings indicate that the DFE is locally asymptotically stable when are the most influential parameters affecting . This implies that MFD control efforts should focus on reducing these rates. Effective strategies include implementing disease-resistant maize varieties and improving crop management practices to lower infection rates. Numerical simulations using MATLAB show that reducing these key parameters can effectively control MFD spread, providing insights into optimal intervention strategies. This study underscores the importance of targeted agricultural practices to mitigate MFD and enhance maize production
Enhancing Reading Skills in EFL Young Learners with Mild Intellectual Disabilities through Music Intervention
Get PDF Children with Intellectual Disability (ID) often encounter challenges in developing crucial cognitive-linguistic functions, particularly reading comprehension skills. Moreover, music therapy has demonstrated effectiveness across diverse subjects and participant groups. Examining the existing literature on the influence of music therapy on the improvement of language skills among EFL young learners with mild intellectual disabilities in the Iranian context reveals a noticeable scarcity of research in this area. To address this gap, this study aims to investigate the influence of music on the reading comprehension abilities of Iranian EFL primary learners with mild intellectual disabilities using an experimental design. To this end, thirty-five participants were recruited from a special education institution. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to examine potential statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups. The findings revealed a significant improvement in post-reading test scores among students in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. Moreover, no statistically significant differences emerged when analyzing the data based on gender and age stratifications. These results provide valuable insights for stakeholders, emphasizing the efficacy of incorporating music to enhance reading comprehension in children with mild intellectual disabilities
Nutritional Composition of Some Selected Commercial Juice Made in Nigeria
Get PDFIntroduction: Nutrient-fortified food play a crucial role in addressing nutritional deficiencies among infants and children, making them more appealing for consumption. Research focuses on baby foods, particularly reconstituted juice drink, which serve as significant sources of essential minerals and vitamins. However, the nutrient composition of these products varies, leading to differences in quality. The objective of this study is to assess the disparities in the nutritional content of various children's juice drink available in the Nigerian market.
Methods: Proximate analysis was carried out according to the standard procedure of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) to evaluate the nutritional composition of the selected juice drink. Minerals content were determined using Atomic Absorption and Flame Spectroscopy Techniques. The determination of the Vitamin A content in the samples was conducted following a modified Spectrophotometric Method. For Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C), the Vitamin C content in the samples was assessed utilizing a Spectrometric Method coupled with 2,4 Dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH) procedures.
Results: Examination of the proximate and mineral analyses of ten chosen fruit juice brands revealed notable variations. Capri sonne exhibited the highest moisture content at 94.2%, while Hollandia Yogurt has the lowest at 81.3%. Chapman, Nutri Milk, and Viju Apple Flavor Milk shared the highest ash content at 0.5%, whereas Hollandia Malt, Piko Orange, and Piko Strawberry displayed the lowest at 0.01%. Nestle Malt boasted the highest crude protein concentration at 4.38%, with Capri sonne recorded the lowest at 0.18%. Hollandia Yogurt and Hollandia Malt demonstrated the highest crude fiber content, while Vitavite Multivi, Piko Orange, and Piko Strawberry showed the lowest. Regarding total carbohydrates, Hollandia Yogurt topped the list at 14.6%, while Vitavite Multivi ranked lowest at 6.57%. Nestle Millo contained the highest vitamin C content at 25.7%, whereas Piko Strawberry has the lowest at 3.82%. Caprosonne registered the highest vitamin A content at 0.6%. In terms of mineral analysis, Hollandia Yogurt exhibited the highest sodium percentage at 22.6mg/g, while Nestle led in calcium, iron, and magnesium content at 120.4mg/g, 1.7mg/g, and 25.5mg/g, respectively. It can therefore be inferred from the outcome of this study that, Milo Nestle is the best drink for children due to its higher protein, carbohydrate, vitamins (A and C) and minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Na) contents, followed by Hollandia Malt as compared to other juice studied.
Enhancing the quality of teaching and learning through Gemini, ChatGPT, and similar generative Artificial Intelligence: Challenges, future prospects, and ethical considerations in education
Get PDFThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the field of education has ushered in a transformative shift in the creation and dissemination of assignments. This research delves into the implications and complexities surrounding the incorporation of AI-enhanced ChatGPT submission in the realm of education. AI-enhanced ChatGPT submissions offer a multitude of benefits. First and foremost, they offer educators a convenient means to produce a wide array of content, encompassing quizzes, essay prompts, and problem sets, thus saving both time and effort. AI has the capacity to customize assignments according to the specific needs of individual students, ensuring personalized learning experiences. Additionally, AI's ability to analyze student performance data can aid educators in pinpointing areas where students might be facing challenges, allowing them to adapt their teaching methods accordingly. Nonetheless, this innovation also raises substantial concerns. The authenticity and quality of AI-generated submission may come under scrutiny, potentially giving rise to issues of plagiarism and academic integrity. It is crucial to ensure that AI-generated content aligns with educational objectives and standards. Before disseminating AI-generated submission to students, educators must meticulously curate and review them. Furthermore, the role of teachers in the educational process extends beyond merely assigning tasks. They provide mentorship, guidance, and feedback that surpass the capabilities of ChatGPT. This human touch is indispensable for nurturing critical thinking, fostering creativity, and enhancing emotional intelligence. Ethical considerations also play a pivotal role. Both students and educators must comprehend how AI-generated assignments are created, ensuring transparency in the process. Safeguards must be in place to safeguard data privacy, and measures need to be taken to address bias in AI algorithms. Hence, it is imperative for teachers and educational institutions to critically evaluate the place of AI in education and determine the circumstances under which AI-generated assignments can be integrated to enrich the educational landscape
Leading-edge Metaverse in education: framework, applications, challenges, and future development
No full textThe incorporation of cutting-edge metaverse technologies into the field of education has emerged as a transformative paradigm, reshaping conventional learning environments and paving the way for novel immersive and interactive educational experiences. This paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of the framework, applications, challenges, and future development prospects of metaverse technologies within the educational domain, focusing on a diverse array of techniques that contribute to the continuous evolution of this innovative educational landscape. The framework analysis delves into the design and implementation strategies that form the foundation of metaverse-based educational platforms. Utilizing augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR), these frameworks strive to create dynamic and captivating learning environments that transcend geographical limitations. The paper explores how these technologies enable realistic simulations, collaborative problem-solving, and experiential learning, thereby fostering a more interactive and participatory educational experience. Case studies and examples illustrate their utilization across disciplines, spanning from science and mathematics to humanities and vocational training. The paper underscores the significance of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms in tailoring educational content to individual learning styles, thereby enhancing personalization and adaptability within metaverse-based educational systems. Nevertheless, the research also addresses the challenges associated with implementing metaverse technologies in education. Issues such as accessibility, digital equity, and data privacy are discussed, accompanied by considerations for overcoming these challenges to ensure a more inclusive and secure educational landscape. Looking ahead, the paper outlines potential developments in metaverse education, exploring emerging technologies and trends such as blockchain-based credentialing, haptic feedback integration, and the incorporation of the Internet of Things (IoT). The paper acknowledges the diverse techniques contributing to its ongoing evolution, emphasizing the dynamic nature of this transformative educational landscape
Comprehension of presupposition by Yemeni EFL Students
Get PDFThis study investigated the comprehension of presuppositions among Yemeni EFL university students, examining their ability to understand different types of presuppositions and identifying the most challenging areas. The research employed a quantitative approach, utilizing a multiple-choice test administered to 261 participants from six Yemeni universities (three public and three private). Eight distinct types of presuppositions were tested: quantifier, emotive factive, iterative verb, cognitive factive, iterative adverb, temporal clause, counterfactual conditional, and possessive presuppositions. The findings revealed a moderate overall comprehension rate of 68.9%, with significant variations across presupposition types. Analysis of demographic variables showed that age was more influential than gender in presupposition comprehension, with younger learners (25-30 age group) performing better. Institutional differences were also observed, though the variation between public and private universities was minimal. The study's findings suggest the need for explicit instruction in presupposition comprehension, particularly focusing on more challenging types like cognitive factives and quantifiers. The results contribute to understanding pragmatic competence development in the Yemeni EFL context and have implications for curriculum design and teaching methodology in similar EFL environments
The Ice Berge of Cholera in Hodeidah , Yemen : The Contact Exposure
Get PDFCholera is a diarrheal disease caused by a bacterial infection of the intestine. The bacterium is Vibrio cholerae, which can either be of type O1 or O139. It can infect both children and adults . A cross sectional design was carried out to investigate the variations between cholera patients and control (contacts). Data were collected from a total of 15 suspected cases from 7 districts in Hodeidah, Yemen and 16 contacts from the same houses of the patients. Data at first fed to the excel program then imported to the SPSS version 23 for statistical analysis. Most of the patients were under 5 years of age with the mean age was 2.1 years (±1.2) with a great variation ,the median age of patients was 5 years. It was a great difference with contact age where the mean age was 34 years (±13) (p-value = 0.000) . Al though watery diarrhea was present in 13 out of 15 patients (68.4%) and being more than contacts (6/16; 37.5%) (p-value = 0.006) . Two controversial observations were reported in this study regarding history of vaccination and the laboratory result of the stool culture for V. cholerae. Most of the patients were vaccinated (86.6%) than contacts (p- value = 0.000) and the accepted explanation for this difference is that it may be due that the contacts are adults and may they did not remind their history of vaccination. But the presence of positive culture result for V. cholerae in one contacts (6.3%) and never in any of suspected cholera patients raining the questions either of the performance of the laboratory diagnosis of the surveillance or both .
 
Macroeconomic Factors and the Performance of the Saudi Banking Sector: Does Oil Price Matter?
Get PDFThis paper aims to identify the relationship between macroeconomic factors that could be potential sources of concern for the banking sector in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this, the ARDL cointegration approach was used in light of economic theory and the literature. Oil prices, interest rates, inflation, government spending, and GDP were identified as independent variables. The results showed a significant positive impact of oil prices and GDP on the performance of Saudi banks, while the performance of banks is negatively affected by interest rates and government spending. The study revealed that the most important determinants of bank performance are oil prices and interest rates. Therefore, this study suggests that banks should link and manage their loan portfolio in proportion to oil price shocks
Investigating the Nexus between EFL University Students’ Listening Proficiency and Metacognitive Awareness: A Correlational Study
Get PDFThere has been growing interest in the intersection of language learning and metacognition. A considerable body of research now indicates that understanding one's own language abilities and knowing effective learning strategies is crucial for language learning success. In fact, metacognitive awareness of EFL learning strategies enables learners to monitor, control, and enhance their learning processes. Conversely, a lack of such awareness poses significant obstacles to the learning process. To address this gap, this study strives to explore the nexus between EFL university students’ listening proficiency in English and their metacognitive awareness of listening strategies. Data was gathered from 94 third-year university students majoring in English studies at a school of Arts and Humanities in Meknes. Analysis of the data involved Pearson product-moment correlation and Simple Linear Regression techniques. The results revealed that there is no correlation between students’ English listening comprehension and their listening metacognitive awareness. This was reflected in the fact that the r-value equaled -0.04, which is very close to zero. These findings contribute significantly to both theoretical understanding and practical application in the field of metacognition and language learning. They also offer valuable insights and recommendations for language educators, curriculum developers, English studies departments in higher education, and future research directions