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A Stylistic Study of the Poem: (A-jiddaka shaqatka al-humoolu al-bawakeru) by the Umayyad Poet Ruqayyi' al-Walibi
Get PDFتهدف هذه الورقة البحثية إلى التعريف بالشاعر الأموي -المُقِل المغمور- رقيع الوالبي، ودراسة إحدى قصائده، وهي: (أَجِدَّكَ شاقَتكَ الحُمُوْلُ البواكِرُ) دراسة أسلوبية، وبيان ما تتضمنه بنية القصيدة، وألفاظها وتراكيبها من خصائص أسلوبية: (صوتية، ولغوية، ودلالية وتصويرية)، وما ترمي إليه من معانٍ وإيحاءات متعددة. إضافة إلى بيان العلاقة بين مفردات القصيدة وأصواتها ودلالاتها؛ وذلك من خلال الوقوف على المستوى الصوتي، والمستوى التركيبي، والمستوى التصويري، وهي المباحث الثلاثة التي بُني عليها هيكل الدراسة، ومتنها، مسبوقة بمقدمة، ثم تمهيد خُصِّصَ لذكر النص الشعري(القصيدة)، والتعريف بالشاعر المُقِلّ المغمورة رقيع الوالبي. وقد توصلت هذه الورقة البحثية من خلال الدراسة الأسلوبية للقصيدة إلى مجموعة من النتائج كان أبرزها: أن الشاعر رقيع الوالبي الأسدي قد استخدم تراكيب لغوية وأسلوبية في بنية أبيات القصيدة بأسلوب لغوي لا تكلف فيه أو تعنُّت، أو غموض، انزاحت عن التركيب اللغوي المتعارف عليه، كالتقديم والتأخير، والحذف، والفصل، والحصر والقصر، والاستفهام، والأمر، والنفي... وقد تعددت في القصيدة وفقا لما تطلَّبه سياقها الشعري، فعكست للمتلقي الحالة الشعورية التي انتابت الشاعر رقيع الوالبي؛ نتيجة رحيل معشوقته، وشوقه إليها. وأن استخدامه للأصوات اللغوية عامة أسهمت في الخاصية الشعرية والأسلوبية للقصيدة، فأعطتها ملامح صوتية أكسبتها جمالية نغمية ونبرية خاصة.This paper aims to introduce the Umayyad poet, the submerged slave, Umayyad poet Raqqa Al-Walbi, and to study one of his poems, namely: (I find you your difficulty of acerbic poetry) stylistic study, and to show what includes the structure of the poem, its words and compositions of stylistic characteristics: (Audio, linguistic, semantic and pictorial) And its many meanings and suggestions. A description of the relationship between the vocabulary, sounds and connotations of the poem; This is done by standing at the acoustic level, the compositional level, and the figurative level, which are the three detectives on which the structure of the study was built, and its board, preceded by an introduction, and then a preface dedicated to mentioning the poetic text (poem),and Introducing the Underwater poet Raqqa Al-Walbi. Through the stylistic study of the poem, this paper reached a set of results, the most prominent of which was: That the poet Raqqa Al-Walbi Alasadi has used linguistic and stylistic structures in the structure of the verses of the poem in a linguistic style that does not cost or intransigence, or ambiguity, removed from the usual linguistic structure, such as submission and delay, deletion, separation, confinement and minors, and question, The order, the exile. The poem was enlarged as required by its poetic context, reflecting to the recipient the emotional state of the poet Raqqa Al-Walbi; The result of the departure of his mistress, and his longing for her. His use of linguistic sounds in general contributed to the poetic and stylistic characteristic of the poem, giving it sound features that earned it a special tonal and expressive aesthetic
Popular song between art structure and practice contexts: "An anthropological approach"
Get PDFيبحث هذا المقال في الأغنية الشعبية بوصفها فضاءً تعبيريًا يجمع بين الخصائص الفنية وسياقات الممارسة الاجتماعية والثقافية، منطلقًا من فرضية أنّ الصوت الشعبي فعل اجتماعي يحفظ الذاكرة الجماعية ويعيد إنتاج الهوية. يركّز البحث على تحليل العناصر الصوتية والإيقاعية واللحنية والنصوص وأشكال الأداء، إلى جانب دراسة السياقات الاجتماعية والطقوسية التي تُمارَس فيها الأغنية الشعبية ودورها في بناء التماسك الاجتماعي والتعبير عن الانتماء. ويعتمد المقال مقاربة أنثروبولوجية توظّف الملاحظة الميدانية، وتحليل الخطاب الشفهي لفهم العلاقة بين الصوت والفعل في الثقافة الشعبية، وإبراز القيمة المعرفية والجمالية للأغنية الشعبية باعتبارها ممارسة حية ومتجدّدة. كما يسعى المقال إلى الكشف عن الرموز والمعاني الكامنة في البنية الغنائية الشعبية بوصفها لغة جماعية تعبّر عن الوجدان الجمعي وتحوّلات المجتمع. ويولي اهتمامًا خاصًا بتجلّيات الصوت الشعبي في سياقات الاحتفال، والعمل، والمقاومة؛ لما تحمله من مضامين إنسانية وتاريخية عميقة. كما يهدف إلى إبراز كيفية استمرار الأغنية الشعبية في أداء وظائفها التواصلية والرمزية رغم التحولات الاجتماعية والثقافية المعاصرة. ويخلص المقال إلى أنّ الأغنية الشعبية ليست مجرد تراث شفهي، بل منظومة ثقافية دينامية تسهم في إعادة تشكيل الهوية وتعزيز الذاكرة الجماعية في الحاضر والمستقبل. This article examines popular song as an expressive space that combines artistic characteristics and contexts of social and cultural practice, based on the premise that popular song is a social act that preserves collective memory and reproduces identity. The research focuses on analyzing vocal, rhythmic, and melodic elements, texts, and performance forms, in addition to examining the social and ritual contexts in which popular song is practiced and its role in building social cohesion and expressing belonging. The article adopts an anthropological approach that employs field observation and oral discourse analysis to understand the relationship between sound and action in popular culture and highlight the cognitive and aesthetic value of popular song as a living and ever-changing practice. The article also seeks to uncover the symbols and underlying meanings within the structure of folk songs, viewing them as a collective language that expresses communal emotions and social transformations. It pays particular attention to the manifestations of the popular voice in contexts of celebration, labor, and resistance, given their profound human and historical dimensions. Furthermore, it aims to highlight how folk songs continue to fulfill their communicative and symbolic functions despite ongoing social and cultural changes
Rhetoric in Digital Discourse: Ibn Hatuta's Traveling Literature as a Model
Get PDFيهدف البحث إلى دراسة بلاغة الخطاب الرقمي (أدب الرحلات عند ابن حتوتة أنموذجًا)، وبيان ما تمتاز به لغة ذلك النص الرحلي الرقمي من تقنيات لغوية وبلاغية حجاجية واستدلالية...إلخ. وتحليل الخصائص البلاغية في نص رحلة ابن حتوتة، وتحديد إمكاناتها الرقمية، والكشف عن دورها في إقناع المتلقي (المشاهد والمستمع). وعن تأثير الوسائط المتعددة في إبراز الأبعاد البلاغية للنصوص التراثية. معتمدًا في دراسة ذلك على المنهج البلاغي التحليلي الوصفي.
وقد خلص البحث إلى نتائج عديدة أبرزها: إنّ رحلات ابن حتوتة حول العالم ليست مجرّد رحلات استكشافيّة فحسب، بل هي خطاب بلاغي تواصلي إقناعي، يعتمد على وسائل إقناعية عدة إلى جانب اللغة، منها: الصوت والصورة واللون والحركة...إلخ.The research aims to study the rhetoric of digital discourse (Ibn Hatuta's traveling literature as a model), and to indicate the distinctive language of that digital traveling text from linguistic techniques, rhetoric, argumentation, inference, etc. Analyze the rhetorical characteristics in the text of Ibn Hatuta's journey, determine its digital potential, and reveal its role in convincing the recipient (viewer and listener). The impact of multimedia in highlighting the rhetorical dimensions of heritage texts. Based on the descriptive analytical rhetorical approach.
The research concluded with several results, most notably: Ibn Hatuta's trips around the world are not just exploratory trips, but are rhetorical, communicative and persuasive rhetoric, based on several means of persuasion besides language, including: Sound, image, color, movement, etc
An optimal control model for Coffee Berry Disease and Coffee Leaf Rust co-infection
Get PDFIn the 1980s, coffee production in Kenya peaked at an average of 1.7 million bags annually. Since then,this production has declined to the current output of below 0.9 million bags annually. Coffee berry disease(CBD) and Coffee leaf rust (CLR) are some of the causes of this decline. This is due to insufficient knowledgeof optimal control strategies for CBD and CLR co-infection. In this research, we derive a system of ODEs fromthe mathematical model for co-infection of CBD and CLR with control strategies to perform optimal controlanalysis. An optimal control problem is formulated and solved using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. Theoutcomes of the model’s numerical simulations indicate that combining all interventions is the best strategyfor slowing the spread of the CBD-CLR co-infection
One-step three-parameter optimized hybrid block method for solving first order initial value problems of ordinary differential equations
No full textA one-step three-parameter optimized hybrid block method and second derivative hybrid block method with optimized points were proposed to solve first-order ordinary differential equations. The techniques of interpolation and collocation were adopted for the derivation of the methods using a three-parameter approximation. The hybrid points were obtained by optimizing the local truncation error of the method. The schemes obtained were reformulated to reduce the number of occurrences of the source term. The hybrid points were used in the derivation of the second derivative hybrid block method. The discrete schemeswere produced as a by-product of the continuous scheme and used to simultaneously solve initial value problems (IVPs) in block mode. The resulting schemes are self-starting, do not require the creation of individual predictors, and are consistent, zero-stable, and convergent. The accuracy and efficiency of the methods were ascertained using several numerical test problems. The numerical results were favourably compared to some techniques from the cited literature
Modeling the Transmission Dynamics of Bushfires on Cashew Nut Production
Get PDFBushfires pose a significant threat to cashew nut production, impacting both agricultural yields andeconomic stability. This study developed a mathematical model to characterize the transmission dynamicsof bushfires and their effects on cashew nut production. The basic bushfire transmission metric, R0, wascomputed and it was used to analyze the existence and stability of the equilibrium. Sensitivity analysiswas conducted using the normalized forward sensitivity index method, identifying that an effective bushfirepropagation rate significantly increases the incidence of bushfires. The findings indicated that reducing bushfire propagation and enhancing fire management practices can significantly mitigate the spread of bushfires,leading to substantial reductions in bushfire incidence. Consequently, effective control strategies targetingbushfire propagation rates and land management practices are crucial for safeguarding cashew nut production. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of bushfire dynamics and provides insightsfor developing targeted interventions to mitigate bushfire risks in cashew nut production. Future research directions may involve integrating additional environmental factors, weather patterns, and exploring scenarioanalysis to further refine bushfire management strategies
A GUMBORO-SALMONELLA CO-INFECTION MATHEMATICAL MODEL WITH OPTIMAL CONTROL
Get PDFPoultry production contributes immensely to the economic growth of a country. For instance in Kenya, 20tonnes of poultry meat worth 3.5 billion kenya shillings and 1.3 billion eggs worth 9.7 billion Kenya Shillingscome from this sector. However, the sector is greatly threatened by poultry diseases among them, Gum-boro(IBD) and Salmonella as inadequate knowledge exists of optimal control strategies for various poultryco-infections. In this research, a Gumboro-Salmonella co-infection mathematical model with optimal controlis developed using a system of ODEs to perform an optimal control analysis. The analysis was done by for-mulating an optimal control problem and using Pontryagin’s maximum principle to solve it. The Numericalsimulation results showed that the best Gumboro-Salmonella co-infection control strategy involved combiningall the intervention
Rheological properties and FTIR spectra of olive, chia and garden cress oils exposed to high temperatures for different times: Rheological properties and FTIR spectra of some heated oils
No full textRheological properties, peroxide value, and FTIR spectra of olive, chia, and garden cress oils exposed to high temperatures (150, 175, and 200 ºC) for different times (30, 60, and 120 minutes) were assayed. The shear stress versus shear rate data (at 25 ºC) was fitted to Newtonian, Bingham, and power law rheological mathematical models. Fresh tested oils showed Newtonian flow behavior with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99 and slight non-Newtonian behavior after heat treatment at different temperatures and times. The peroxide values of the tested oils were significantly increased with increasing the temperature and time, excepting the garden cress oil treated at 200 °C. The viscosity is more related to the peroxide value of olive and chia oils (R2= 0.8844 and 0.9768, respectively) than that of garden cress oil (R2= 0.7325). The FTIR spectra showed little decrease in absorption at 2924 and 2855 cm-1 in olive and garden cress oils, and at 1744 cm-1 in chia oil after thermal treatment. The vibrations appear at 3200 – 3500 cm-1 in chia and garden cress oils indicating the presence of peroxides produced during thermal treatment, while it disappeared in olive oil. A peak at 1672 cm-1 was noticed in olive oil indicating the presence of free fatty acids. A slight difference was observed at 962 cm-1 between spectra for chia and garden cress oils, indicating the formation of trans fatty acids. In conclusion, the rheological properties and FTIR spectra can be used as good tools to estimate the quality of heated oils
Microbial Status and Sanitation level of Food Contact Surfaces (FCSs) of Three University Restaurant Kitchens for Three Public Universities at Central-Delta Region in Egypt
Get PDFThe microbiological safety of food is primarily influenced by hygienic practices during food handling and the sanitation of food contact surfaces (FCSs). Consequently, the safety of foods served in university restaurants can be assessed by evaluating the microbiological quality of FCSs. This research aims to evaluate the microbial quality (MQ) and sanitation level of FCSs in the kitchens of three university restaurant kitchens for three public universities in the Central-Delta region of Egypt. A total of 108 swabs were collected from surfaces related to food (preparation tables, dining tables, cutting boards), cooking utensils (pots, knives, trolley tanks, mobile tanks, scoops, colanders), and kitchen equipment (peeling machine, steam pots, bain-maries). The samples were examined for total aerobic colony count (TACC), total Coliform count (TCC), yeast and mold count, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), Salmonella and Shigella spp. The microbiological analysis revealed that the greatest compliance rates with good hygienic conditions were observed in the FCSs of the UNK-1 university restaurant kitchen. In contrast, the sanitation levels of FCSs in the UNK-2 and NUK-3 university restaurant kitchens were classified as “unsatisfactory.” These findings highlight the need for improvements to enhance the sanitation levels of these university restaurants. Adopting and implementing effective sanitation programs, Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs), and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) is essential to ensuring the safety of food served to students
Bridging the Gap: The Need for a Specialized English Curriculum for Mechanical Engineering Students at ENSEM Engineering School, Hassan II University
Get PDFThe "Business English and Soft Skills" course at ENSEM Engineering school, Hassan II University aims to enhance general language proficiency but fails to meet the specific linguistic needs of mechanical engineering students. This study identifies a critical gap in the curriculum, which prioritizes business communication and soft skills while overlooking technical vocabulary, genre-specific communication, and technical writing essential for engineering contexts. Through a mixed-methods approach combining content analysis, teaching observations, and needs assessment, this research highlights the misalignment between the course objectives and the professional demands of mechanical engineering. The findings underscore the necessity of a specialized English for Specific Purposes (ESP) curriculum tailored to engineering students, focusing on technical vocabulary, precise writing, and effective oral communication in technical contexts. The study advocates for adopting a genre-based pedagogical approach to bridge this gap, equipping ENSEM graduates with the linguistic competencies required to excel in the global engineering industry