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Community-Based Pre-Cancerous Cervical Screening Using Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) in Urban of Hodeidah , Yemen
Full text linkBackground: Cervical cancer remains a major public health concern in low-resource settings, where screening coverage is often inadequate. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) offers a low-cost, accessible method for early detection of precancerous lesions, particularly in underserved urban populations.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions and associated risk factors among women in Hodeidah, Yemen using VIA test .
Methodology : A retrospective study design was conducted among 143 women who underwent VIA screening in Hodeidah, Yemen. Data on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, behavioral exposures, reproductive history, clinical findings, and preventive measures were collected using structured questionnaires. VIA-positive women were referred for histopathological confirmation. Diagnostic indices—including sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and accuracy—were calculated to assess VIA performance.
Results: The overall VIA positivity rate was 12.6% (18/143), pre-cancerous lesions were identified in 12 women (8.3%) through VIA, and histopathology confirmed 13 cervical cancer cases (9.1%). VIA demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with a sensitivity of 92.31%, specificity of 95.38%, and overall accuracy of 95.10%. VIA-positive women were more frequently aged 31–40 years (38.9%) and belonged to low-income groups (77.8%). Behavioral exposures such as smoking, qat chewing, and shamma use showed no clear association with VIA positivity. Moderate parity (1–4 births) was common among VIA-positive women (88.9%). Clinical symptoms, particularly post-coital bleeding (61.1% vs. 21.0%) and cervical ulcers (27.8% vs. 14.0%), showed strong associations with VIA positivity. Preventive measures were very limited, with only 2.8% vaccinated for HPV and 4.2% previously screened.
Conclusion: VIA proved to be a reliable, sensitive, and cost-effective method for detecting cervical pre-cancerous lesions, demonstrating strong diagnostic value in low-resource settings. Clinical symptoms—particularly post-coital bleeding and cervical ulceration—were more predictive of VIA positivity than behavioral or reproductive factors. Strengthening HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening programs remains essential to improving early detection and reducing disease burden
Deviation of the meanings of “may” and some forms of the present tense from the requirements of its apparent meaning in the Holy Qur’an
Full text linkلقد دَرَسَ البحث تَمَّيز نظم القرآن الكريم في أخذه بمعاني أربع صيغ، وهي: "قَدْ يَعْلَمُ"، و"قَدْ نَعْلَمُ"، و"لَقَدْ نَعْلَمُ"، و"قَدْ نَرَى"، وحَدَّدَ البحث الموضوعات السياقية والدلالية التي أسهمت في تكوين المعاني الجديدة والمفيدة لهذه الصيغ الأربع، وأثرت في تأويلها، منها: المعاني الظاهرة والمباشرة لهذه الصيغ، والمقاصد البيانية للآيات التي وردت فيها، ثم متعلقـات الحال والمقام خارج المكـون اللغــوي لها.
ثم أكَّدَ البحث أن المعاني المرادة -من هذا الأداء اللغوي المُمَيَّز- ليست ما نباشر أخذها من ظاهر التكوين اللغوي لهذه الصِّيَغ، بل خرجت عن مقتضى ظاهرها إلى معاني بلاغية، كالتنبيه والنَّهْي –مثلًا- التي وردت في "قَدْ يَعْلَم"، وغايتها التحذير والتخويف، وهدفها التأثير في المخاطبين، وحَثِّهِم على استدراك تقصيرهم، وتصويب ممارساتهم.This research has studied the distinction of the systems of the Holy Qur’an in taking the meanings of four forms, namely: “He may know”, “we may know”, “we may have known”, and “we may see”. The study determines the contexts and their connotations that may influence in creating these four forms and influenced their interpretation. This includes the apparent and direct meanings of these forms, and the denotative purposes of the verses in which they are mentioned, then the relation of the adverb and the denominator outside the linguistic component of them. Then the research confirmed that the intended meanings - from this distinguished linguistic performance - are not what we proceed to take from the apparent linguistic composition of these forms, but rather deviated from the requirements of their apparent meanings to rhetorical meanings, such as warning and prohibition - for example - that were mentioned in "He may know", and their purpose is to warn and intimidate. Its aim is to influence the addressees and urge them to rectify their shortcomings and correct their practices
The Economics of Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) Targeting the Media Supply Chain: Developing Predictive Risk Models
No full textThe Media and Entertainment (M&E) industry, characterized by high-value digital assets and time-sensitive production cycles, has become a prime target for ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) operations. This study investigates the economic drivers of RaaS, targeting the media supply chain, and aims to develop predictive models for risk assessment. By analyzing leaked data from RaaS affiliate forums, ransomware variant features, and historical attack data spanning 2019-2024, we identified key organizational characteristics that increase the likelihood of being targeted. These include project phase timing (particularly within 30 days of scheduled release dates), extensive reliance on centralized cloud storage architectures, and mid-market company classifications (100-2,500 employees).
Our comprehensive analysis employed machine learning techniques, including logistic regression, random forest, and gradient boosting models, with the logistic regression model achieving optimal interpretability while maintaining 89% accuracy on the test data. The economic analysis reveals that defensive strategies focusing on immutable backup systems and zero-trust access controls provide the highest return on investment (ROI) by directly disrupting the fundamental economic incentives of the RaaS business model. This study contributes an actionable framework for M&E organizations to prioritize defensive investments and provides policymakers with empirical evidence to shape effective cybercrime deterrence strategies
Deep Learning Techniques for Detecting BOTNET Attacks in IOT Environments: A Review
Full text linkWith the exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its increasing integration into various domains, security threats have become a significant concern. One of the most menacing threats in the IoT landscape is botnet attacks, which can cause extensive damage and compromise the privacy and integrity of data via commands and control mechanisms. Traditional security measures are often insufficient in detecting these sophisticated attacks. This review explores the application of deep learning techniques for botnet detection in IoT environments. By analyzing the strengths and limitations of various deep learning models, the aim is to provide insights into their effectiveness and potential for securing IoT ecosystems. Thus, this study will provide better understanding of how deep learning-based models can be built using some novel approaches
Summation formulas for Gauss’s and Clausen’s hypergeometric functions
Full text linkIn this paper, we utilize the general hypergeometric identity established by Masjed-Jamei and Koepf [5]to derive several summation formulas for Gauss’s and Clausen’s hypergeometric functions. As an applica-tion of our main results, we also evaluate specific values of Clausen’s hypergeometric function for various arguments
Modeling the Impact of the AstraZeneca Vaccine on the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19
Full text linkCOVID-19 continues to pose a significant global threat, with millions of cases reported worldwide andsubstantial mortality. This study develops a deterministic model to evaluate the impact of the AstraZeneca vaccine on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. The disease-free equilibrium state of the model was determined, and the effective reproduction number for COVID-19, Re, was computed using the next-generation matrix method. The analysis reveals that Re is sensitive to vaccination parameters and establishes that the disease-free state is locally and globally asymptotically stable when Re is less than 1 but unstable when Re exceeds 1. The findings indicate that an increase in the vaccination rate (θ) and higher vaccination efficacy (γ) significantly reduce the number of COVID-19 infections. This, in turn, leads to a lower incidence of COVID-19 transmission. Enhanced vaccination coverage and effectiveness play a crucial role in preventing the spread of COVID-19, demonstrating the importance of robust immunization programs in public healt
The Application of Group Dynamic Assessment to the Translation of Phrasal Verbs
Full text linkDynamic assessment (DA), as the integration of assessment and instruction, and applied translation studies, the applications of translation theories to the practice of translation, are within the same domain of applied linguistics. An important strand of research that will solidify a central place for DA is group dynamic assessment (G-DA) through which a group of students co-construct their development with the help of the teacher who mediates the students’ performance. The present study aimed at examining the applicability of G-DA in the translation of phrasal verbs through mediation. In so doing, 30 students participated in this study based on convenient sampling. The materials used in the assessment sessions entailed 100 Phrasal Verbs taken from the Mosaic Series. The students worked on translation activities with the help the mediator providing them with hints and prompts instead of offering the accurate translation forthwith. The students were evaluated based on a test-intervene-retest format with respect to translations of phrasal verbs. The results obtained from Independent-sample t-test and One-way repeated measures ANOVA confirmed statistically significant effect of mediation in the translations of phrasal verbs. The inventory of meditational strategies helped to reveal the learners’ common mistakes while translating the PVs. An implication of the study is for teachers to employ G-DA in the translation of proverbs, idioms, collocations and fixed expressions
Innovations in teaching and assessing ESP courses for English- majored students at Hanoi Metropolitan University, Vietnam in alignment with Industry 4.0
Full text linkThe Covid-19 pandemic, declared by the World Health Organization in March 2020, significantly disrupted global educational systems, compelling a rapid shift to online learning. In Vietnam, this transformation coincided with technological innovations and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, reshaping English language education. The study focuses on English for Specific Purposes (ESP) course innovations at Hanoi Metropolitan University, addressing the evolving demands of Education 4.0 in the post-pandemic era. This research conducted a quantitative and qualitative survey involving 100 third-year English majors during the 2nd semester of 2023-2024. The study explored students' perspectives on digital technologies, innovative teaching methods, and assessment strategies aligned with Industry 4.0 competencies. The research design employed a structured questionnaire methodology to investigate the integration of digital technologies in ESP learning. The investigation highlights the critical need for adaptable English language educators who can leverage technological advancements, foster lifelong learning, and prepare students for future global communication challenges. By examining the intersection of technological innovation, pedagogical transformation, and professional skill development, the study provides insights into reimagining ESP education in the contemporary technological landscape
Determination of the Proximate Composition and Organoleptic Properties of Milk Produced from Tiger Nut
Full text linkTiger nut milk is a nutritious super food with various health benefits, including improved digestion, weight management, and better skin health. This study aimed to determine the proximate composition and organoleptic properties of tiger nut milk. The milk was prepared using conventional methods and evaluated by ten panelists over three days for aroma, color, taste, sweetness, and texture using a 9-point hedonic scale. The most acceptable sample contained 5g of ginger, while the least acceptable contained 7g of clove. Proximate analysis showed the milk had 67.38% water, 20.42% total solids, 1.07% ash, 3.25% protein, 6.06% fat, 0.48% fiber, 0.93% carbohydrate, and a pH of 5.32. The study included three treatments with varying preservatives (clove, ginger, and a combination of both) at different concentrations (3, 5, and 7g/L), with a control sample. Results showed a decrease in bacterial population as the pH became more acidic. The highest pH (4.9) was observed in the 7g clove treatment, while the lowest pH (3.5) occurred in the 7g ginger treatment. Treatment D (7g clove and ginger) had the lowest bacterial count. The tiger nut milk's proximate composition and sensory qualities were acceptable, and it remained stable for over 48 hours at ambient temperature. 
Cookies Fortified with Corn-Based Sagip Nutri Powder
Full text linkThis study aimed to develop Cookies fortified with Corn-Based Sagip Nutri Powder, evaluating their nutritional value, physical characteristics, and consumer acceptability. It specifically sought to determine: (1) the acceptability of corn-based cookies with varying levels of Corn-Based Sagip Nutri Powder; (2) the significant differences in the physical characteristics among the treatments; and (3) the most acceptable formulation based on sensory evaluation. Using an experimental research design, five formulations were prepared: F1 (control), F2 (25% Corn-Based Sagip Nutri Powder), F3 (50% Corn-Based Sagip Nutri Powder), F4 (75% Corn-Based Sagip Nutri Powder), and F5 (100% Corn-Based Sagip Nutri Powder). One hundred panelists evaluated the cookies based on color, texture, taste, aroma, and general acceptability using a 9-point hedonic scale. Data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, weighted means, and ANOVA. Results revealed that all formulations were acceptable, with F2 receiving the highest mean score of 4.50 (very acceptable). ANOVA indicated significant differences in the physical characteristics among treatments, particularly in color and texture. The Corn-Based Sagip Nutri Powder positively influenced the cookies’ nutritional profile and sensory appeal without compromising consumer acceptance. The study concludes that fortifying cookies with corn-based Sagip Nutri powder enhances their health benefits while maintaining sensory quality. F2 emerged as the most acceptable formulation. It is recommended that future research explore the shelf-life stability and market potential of these functional cookies.