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Appraisal of Potential Metal Risk in Calcareous Agricultural Soils: an Insight into Human and Environmental Health Employing Multimodal Tactics
No full textFaulty irrigation practices and industrial activities lead to the pollution of metals in agricultural soil, resulting in adverse effects on human health. The present study was conducted for the assessment of source identification, probabilistic health hazard assessments, and analysis of dietary risks associated with metals pollution in the calcareous soil of India. The mean content of total and bioavailable forms of metals (Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu) surpassed the permissible limits in sample areas Baruraj (zone 1) and Kanti (zone 2), with zone 1 showing higher level of pollution compared to zone 2. The free ion activity model (FIAM) was employed to detect metals in polluted soil and assess their potential transfer to rice grains. Hazard quotient values were notably higher than the safe threshold (FIAM-HQ \u3c 0.5) for Cr (2.87E-01), Ni (1.08E-01), and Pb (1.88E-01), except for Cd (1.49E-02) and Cu (1.27E-03), which remained within safe limits. Severity adjustment margin of exposure (SAMOE)-Risk thermometer indicates high and moderate human health risk for Cr (CrSAMOE = 0.006) and Ni (NiSAMOE = 0.03), respectively. Self-organizing map (SOM) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) identify pollution sources in the calcareous region. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) unveiled that children were more vulnerable to total carcinogenic risk (TCR) compared to adults through the ingestion pathway. A geostatistical approach was employed to predict the spatial distribution patterns of various metals across the area. This comprehensive evaluation, utilizing appropriate and reasonable methods, serves as a valuable resource for environmental scientists and policymakers aiming to manage and mitigate metal pollution in agricultural soils near residential areas
Approximate DBSCAN on obfuscated data
No full textWith the emergence of remote storage, computation facilities, and the availability of high-speed data connectivity — cloud computation has become the call for the day. In this scenario, security and computability of data have emerged as two crucial aspects which often conflict with each other. An efficient solution is to build a trade-off between the two. In this work, we propose a novel Hilbert-Curve-based data encoding scheme (HC encoding) which obfuscates the data points. We use the obfuscated data in DBSCAN clustering and obtain an approximated output with respect to the original clustering (without invoking the plaintext data at any stages of the computation). HC encoding has a provision to modulate the degree of obfuscation. The correctness of the clustering performance decreases with the increase in obfuscation and vice versa. The empirical study is carried out on 8 regular datasets and a large, color image dataset, CIFAR10. Two key applications are explored– (i) clustering of homogeneous images and (ii) clustering of heterogeneous images originating from two different sources. The empirical results show the effectiveness of the HC encoding to provide approximate clustering performances on the obfuscated multimedia data as well as regular datasets. The outcomes also manifest HC encoding\u27s superiority against the comparing methods which operate under a similar fully private constraint
BBB security for 5-round even-Mansour-based key-alternating Feistel ciphers
No full textIn this paper, we study the security of the Key-Alternating Feistel (KAF) ciphers, a class of key alternating ciphers with the Feistel structure, where each round of the cipher is instantiated with n-bit public round permutation Pi , namely the i-th round of the cipher maps (XL,XR)↦(XR,Pi(XR⊕Ki)⊕Ki⊕XL). We have shown that our 5 round construction with independent round permutations and independent round keys achieves 2n/3-bit security in the random permutation model, i.e., the setting where the adversary is allowed to make forward and inverse queries to the round permutations in a black box way
Bounded homotopy path approach to the solution of linear complementarity problems
No full textIn this article a bounded path approach is introduced to find the solution of linear complementarity problem. The interior point method for linear programming was a kind of path-following method. The difficulty of finding a strictly feasible initial point for the interior point algorithm can be replaced appropriately by combining the interior point with homotopy method. A new homotopy function as well as a new approach are proposed to trace a homotopy path to find the solution of linear complementarity problem with various matrix classes. It is shown that the homotopy path approaching to the solution is smooth and bounded. Various classes of numerical examples are illustrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm
Cat out of the bag: Coastal and Gangetic plains outside protected areas require focus for fishing cat conservation in southern West Bengal, India
No full textState of West Bengal is the last stronghold for fishing cats in the country. Although Fishing cats has been mentioned as a vulnerable wetland species, few works have been conducted on their distribution pattern, habitat or ecology. Our study uses camera traps in various urban and rural wetland areas of southern West Bengal spanning more than 67,000 km2 to identify their presence. Out of 38 potential habitats, 24 regions came up with evidence of these cats spanning through the eight districts of southern West Bengal. We used presence absence data to fit an ensemble model to delineate suitable habitat for the species in the southern West Bengal. Results indicated areas less than 30 m of elevation and enough annual precipitation that functions healthy hydrological cycle in the areas of lower Gangetic plains to be most suitable for fishing cats. High mortality of the species due to retaliation and roadkill is a known fact for the species in the state. Hence, we also demarcated conservation priority zones for the species in the southern West Bengal which suggested agricultural lands (51.02 %), wetlands (21.22 %), vegetation cover (18.6 %) with populistic tourism spots in urban patches of southern West Bengal need to have focus from the concerned authority to save the remaining habitats. Accordingly, we further identified potential roadkill zones over state and national highways within the suitable habitat of the southern West Bengal
Collective dynamics of swarmalators with higher-order interactions
No full textHigher-order interactions shape collective dynamics, but how they affect transitions between different states in swarmalator systems is yet to be determined. To that effect, we here study an analytically tractable swarmalator model that incorporates both pairwise and higher-order interactions, resulting in four distinct collective states: async, phase wave, mixed, and sync states. We show that even a minute fraction of higher-order interactions induces abrupt transitions from the async state to the phase wave and the sync state. We also show that higher-order interactions facilitate an abrupt transition from the phase wave to the sync state bypassing the intermediate mixed state. Moreover, elevated levels of higher-order interactions can sustain the presence of phase wave and sync state, even when pairwise interactions lean towards repulsion. The insights gained from these findings unveil self-organizing processes that hold the potential to explain sudden transitions between various collective states in numerous real-world systems
Comparative study of anti-staphylococcal efficacy: traditional homeopathic dilutions vs. nano-enhanced Rhus Tox formulations
No full textBackground: Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of death, especially among the elderly. This bacterium produces several surface membrane proteins, with staphylococcal protein A (SpA) being particularly important. Despite its prevalence, there are no targeted treatments available for geriatric patients. In homeopathy, Rhus toxicodendron (RT) is frequently used in various dilutions-Mother Tincture (MT), 6CH, 30CH, and 200CH- for conditions like skin infections, soft tissue disorders, and joint ailments. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effects of Rhus toxicodendron (RT) at different concentrations on Staphylococcus aureus through bacterial plate cultures and compared the outcomes with Nano-RT. Notably, Nano-RT MT is not commercially available. This research is the first to showcase both the efficacy and biosafety of the innovative nano-ZnO RT MT homeopathic formulation. Results: This study examined the inhibitory effects of Rhus toxicodendron in its Mother Tincture (MT) form and in 6CH, 30CH, and 200CH dilutions against Staphylococcus aureus. Nano-ZnO was synthesized from Rhus toxicodendron MT and combined to create Nano-MT. Both Rhus Tox MT and Nano-RT MT demonstrated significant inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus within 24 h of application. Conclusions: Rhus Tox MT and Nano-RT MT present promising new options for treating Staphylococcus aureus infections in elderly patients. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that Nano-RT MT is completely biologically safe in mice
Construction of the motivic cellular spectrum KOgeo over SpeC(ℤ)
No full textWe construct a periodic motivic spectrum over Spec(ℤ) which when pulled back to any scheme S with12∈ Γ(S, OS) is the HP1−spectrum constructed by Panin and Walter. This spectrum KOgeo is constructed using closed subschemes of the Grassmannians Gr(r, n). Using this we show that KOgeo is cellular
Correction to: A systematic construction approach for all 4\times 44x4 involutory MDS matrices (Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing, (2024), 70, 5, (4677-4697), 10.1007/s12190-024-02142-z)
No full textOriginal article was published erroneously with proofing errors overlooked at typesetting and has now been updated. The original article has been corrected
Correction to: Eigenvalues Outside the Bulk of Inhomogeneous Erdős–Rényi Random Graphs (Journal of Statistical Physics, (2020), 181, 5, (1746-1780), 10.1007/s10955-020-02644-7)
No full textIn the statement of Theorem 2.5 of [1], v has to be chosen such that ei′v≥0, besides the assumptions mentioned therein. By this additional assumption, taking the positive square root of both sides in (5.52) makes the left hand side of the said equation (Formula presented.) Thus showing (5.53) and (5.54) suffice for completing the proof of Theorem 2.5. The second and third author’s affiliations are updated