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Migration, Vulnerability, and Protection: Changing Labour Law Regime in Contemporary India
No full textThis article undertakes a socio-legal analysis of India’s changing labour laws and situates migrant workers within the broader context of the changing relations between state, capital, and labour amid the reforms that were introduced in 2019–2020. It illustrates the precarity of migrant workers and the possibility of their legal exclusion from the revised labour codes, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic-led lockdowns. The new codes reduced the number of establishments under regulation and diluted provisions that can hold contractors and employers accountable, which increases the scope for exploitation of workers and has serious implications for the rights of migrants. The labour law reforms, we argue, appear to have favoured capital in its relations with workers and have increased the degree of informality in a wide range of industries. Inter-state migrant workers may find themselves excluded from protective provisions that hold employers accountable for their treatment and this may make them more vulnerable in the informal sector. The article concludes that this push by the state to boost the ‘ease of doing business’ via precarious forms of employment and whittling away the protections of inter-state migrant workers may be far more detrimental than expected
Nice Error Basis and Quantum Channel
No full textThe Weyl operators give a convenient basis of Mn(C) which is also orthonormal with respect to the Hilbert-Schmidt inner product. The properties of such a basis can be generalised to the notion of a nice error basis (NEB), as introduced by E. Knill [3]. We can use an NEB of Mn(C) to construct an NEB for Lin(Mn(C)), the space of linear maps on Mn(C). Any linear map will then correspond to a n2 × n2 coefficient matrix in the basis decomposition with respect to such an NEB of Lin(Mn(C)). Positivity, complete (co)positivity or other properties of a linear map can be characterised in terms of such a coefficient matri
On the explicit Galois group of Q(a1,a2,⋯,an,ζd) over Q
No full textLet S={a1,a2,⋯,an} be a finite set of non-zero integers. In [5], Karthick Babu and Anirban Mukhopadhyay calculated the explicit structure of the Galois group of multi-quadratic field Q(a1,a2,⋯,an) over Q. For a positive integer d⩾3, ζd denotes the primitive d-th root of unity. In this paper, we calculate the explicit structure of the Galois group of Q(a1,a2,⋯,an,ζd) over Q in terms of its action on ζd and ai for 1⩽i⩽n
ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITIONS AND TWISTED ISOMETRIES. II
No full textWe classify tuples of (not necessarily commuting) isometries that admit von Neumann–Wold decomposition. We introduce the notion of twisted isometries for tuples of isometries and prove the existence of orthogonal decomposition for such tuples. The former classification is partially inspired by a result that was observed more than three decades ago by Gaspar and Suciu. And the latter result generalizes Popovici’s orthogonal decompositions for pairs of commuting isometries to general tuples of twisted isometries which also includes the case of tuples of commuting isometries
Patterns of diversity of temnospondyl amphibians in India and South-East Asia
No full textWhile temnospondyl fossils have been relatively well documented in the Western world and Africa; research on temnospondyl fossils in South-East Asia and India has received less attention. Nonetheless, they add a substantial amount to the record of palaeobiogeographic distribution of the Triassic temnospondyl amphibians. During the Triassic, almost every temnospondyl family (aside from dissorophoids) was present in India. According to the findings, the assemblage and species diversity of Triassic temnospondyl amphibians peaked in the Early Triassic. With climatic stability and ecological saturation in the Middle and Late Triassic, diversification slowed down or gradually decreased. The Jaccard Similarity coefficient of the Triassic temnospondyl contents in South-East Asia and India shows an agreement in palaeobiogeography; the coefficients reflect the geography of Pangea. According to the Euler diagram, the junction of the Triassic temnospondyls in South-East Asia and India indicates that these regions of India did not have endemic Triassic temnospondyl populations
Polynomial-like iterative equation on Riesz spaces
No full textIn this paper we investigate the polynomial-like iterative equation on Riesz spaces. Since a Riesz space does not need to have a metric space structure, neither the Schauder fixed point theorem nor the Banach fixed point theorem is available. Using the Knaster–Tarski fixed point theorem, we first obtain the existence and uniqueness of order-preserving solutions on convex complete sublattices of Riesz spaces. Then, restricting to R and Rn, special cases of Riesz space, we obtain semi-continuous solutions and integrable solutions, respectively. Finally, we present more special cases of Riesz space in which solutions to the iterative equation can be discussed
Pricing Strategy and Risk-Averse Flexibility in Sustainable Supply Chain: A Dual-Channel Logistics Process Under Reward Contracts and Demand Uncertainty
No full textThe critical nexus of sustainable manufacturing and logistics within the supply chain is pivotal for safeguarding the environment and navigating uncertain market landscapes. This study meticulously explores the intricate interplay between ecological commitments and the adaptability of risk coefficients, scrutinizing their impact on operational efficacy, production dynamics, and value chain optimization. Firstly, we have designed a dual-channel supply chain model that includes the supplier, green manufacturer, and sustainable retailer. Pricing and greening decisions across the multi-layered supply chain have been optimized meticulously by incorporating risk aversion effects into the utility function. Market demand is uncertain and highly sensitive to product price and level of green attributes. Secondly, in order to compare the optimal decision, the effectiveness of the supply chain has been analyzed under different business perspectives, which are centralized, decentralized, and rewards contracts with target green level with the help of the leader-follower Stackelberg game approach. The analytical results delve into the impact of supply chain contracts, revealing the way the retailer’s incentives shape manufacturer’s green initiatives and members’ risk aversion preferences. The numerical findings illustrate the manufacturer’s advancement in green manufacturing, achieving peak green product levels and higher profitability, contrasting centralized and decentralized marketing scenarios in the dual-channel model. Finally, some managerial insights with a sensitivity of major elasticity parameters have been addressed to achieve the performance of the supply chain
Priority Arbiter PUF: Analysis
No full textThe Priority Arbiter-based Physical Unclonable Function (PA-PUF) is a one-way function implemented in hardware, where output or response bits, corresponding to a given set of challenge bits, are influenced by the device-specific parameters. An n-length PA-PUF can be represented as an n-variable Boolean function. The research we conducted demonstrates the exploration of Boolean functions obtained by implementing a PA-PUF construction with randomly selected delay parameters. We observe that the set of Boolean functions generated from PA-PUF is significantly larger than the set of Boolean functions generated from classical Arbiter-based PUF. Further, we look into the bias estimation of the response bit generated from PA-PUF towards the impact of changing specific bits in the challenge input. Finally, we perform a comparative analysis on PA-PUF to study its cryptographic properties and a detailed analysis of the machine learning attacks
Bayesian joint modeling of multivariate longitudinal and event-time outcomes with applications to ALL maintenance studies
No full textJoint analysis of longitudinal and event-time outcomes is a major research topic in the last two decades, mainly due to its successful applications in various disciplines including medical studies, biological studies, environmental studies, economics and many others. When a group of individuals are followed for a period of time points to study the progression of some event(s) of interest, some related variables (either time-varying or time-invariant) are also measured over time from the subjects. By jointly modeling the longitudinal outcomes and the time of occurrence of the event(s) of interest, one can (i) study the progression of the outcomes over time, (ii) assess the effects of the longitudinal outcomes on the event-time and (iii) assess the effects of the covariates on the evolution of the longitudinal outcomes and the event-time. In this thesis, we develop different Bayesian models and the computational algorithms for jointly analysing three longitudinal biomarkers and one event-time. Our work is motivated by a clinical experiment conducted by Tata Translational Cancer Research Center, Kolkata, where a group of 236 children, detected as leukemia patients, were treated with two standard drugs (6MP and MTx) nearly for the first two years, and then were followed for the next three years to see if there is a relapse. In our first work we develop a Bayesian joint model for simultaneously imputing the missing biomarker values and for dynamically predicting the non-relapse probability for each patient. In the second work, we develop a Bayesian quantile joint model to assess the effects of the biomarkers on the relapse-time at different quantile levels of the longitudinal biomarkers. Finally, in the third work, we develop a Bayesian latent class joint model for identifying the latent classes with respect to one of the biomarkers and to study the evolution of different biomarkers across different latent clusters. We also dynamically predict the median non-relapse probabilities for different latent classes based on the estimated model parameters. All our works are supported by extensive simulation studies and real applications to leukemia maintenance study